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Articles 241 - 270 of 1212
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Why Did They Do That? An Exploration Of Explanations As To Why Europeans Behave As They Have Towards Native People, Tony Kaliss
Why Did They Do That? An Exploration Of Explanations As To Why Europeans Behave As They Have Towards Native People, Tony Kaliss
Troth Yeddha' Roots: Connecting the Place With the People
The purpose of this paper is to encourage deeper understanding of the Native- European interaction by focusing on the question of Why Europeans acted as they did towards Native peoples. I encourage this because I'm not satisfied with the answers I have seen to this question, because answering it is central to understanding the Native- European interaction, and, lastly, because exploring and answering this Why has become timely and essential. Being dissatisfied, it follows I provide my own Why answer--and I do so below. However, it became clear in developing this paper that just as important, perhaps even more so …
The Sun Star Vol 34 No. 16 (February 10th, 2015), N/A N/A
The Sun Star Vol 34 No. 16 (February 10th, 2015), N/A N/A
Sun Star
No abstract provided.
The Sun Star Vol 34 No. 15 (February 3, 2015), N/A N/A
Initial Thoughts On Developing A Registration Authority For Alaska Native Place Names, Gary Holton
Initial Thoughts On Developing A Registration Authority For Alaska Native Place Names, Gary Holton
Alaska Native Language Center Faculty
No abstract provided.
Whalesong 2015-01-26, N/A N/A
Alaska Athabascan Stellar Astronomy, Christopher M. Cannon
Alaska Athabascan Stellar Astronomy, Christopher M. Cannon
Arctic and Northern Studies
Stellar astronomy is a fundamental component of Alaska Athabascan cultures that facilitates time-reckoning, navigation, weather forecasting, and cosmology. Evidence from the linguistic record suggests that a group of stars corresponding to the Big Dipper is the only widely attested constellation across the Northern Athabascan languages. However, instruction from expert Athabascan consultants shows that the correlation of these names with the Big Dipper is only partial. In Alaska Gwich'in, Ahtna, and Upper Tanana languages the Big Dipper is identified as one part of a much larger circumpolar humanoid constellation that spans more than 133 degrees across the sky. The Big Dipper …
Parasites And Skeletal Indicators Of Anemia In The Eastern United States, Erin Dinneen
Parasites And Skeletal Indicators Of Anemia In The Eastern United States, Erin Dinneen
Anthropology
The goal of this research is to examine the influence of parasitic infection and diet in the etiology of anemia in prehistoric human populations of the eastern United States. Prehistorically, anemia is often attributed to a nutrient-deficient diet, while parasite infection is discussed as a secondary cause if at all. However, parasite infection is a leading cause of anemia in the developing world today. Modern epidemiological studies have demonstrated that parasites thrive or perish under particular environmental conditions, and risk for parasite infection can be predicted based on environment using GIS. Here I apply this method to see whether environmental …
Molar Size And Shape In The Estimation Of Biological Affinity: A Comparison Of Relative Cusp Locations Using Geometric Morphometrics And Interlandmark Distances, Michael W. Kenyhercz
Molar Size And Shape In The Estimation Of Biological Affinity: A Comparison Of Relative Cusp Locations Using Geometric Morphometrics And Interlandmark Distances, Michael W. Kenyhercz
Anthropology
The study of teeth has been a central tenet in biological anthropology since the inception of the field. Teeth have been previously shown to have a high genetic component. The high heritability of teeth has allowed researchers to use them to answer a myriad of anthropological questions ranging from human origins to modern variation due to microevolution. Traditionally, teeth have been studied either morphologically, through the assignment of nonmetric character states, or metrically, through mesiodistal and buccolingual crown measures. Increasingly, geometric morphometric techniques are being used to answer anthropological questions, especially dentally. However, regardless of analytical technique utilized, the biological …
Toolstone Procurement In Middle-Late Holocene In The Kodiak Archipelago And The Alaska Peninsula, Devon Rains
Toolstone Procurement In Middle-Late Holocene In The Kodiak Archipelago And The Alaska Peninsula, Devon Rains
Anthropology
The Norton tradition (2300-950 BP) in the Alaska Peninsula and the Late Kachemak phase (2700-900 BP) in Kodiak are distinct cultural traditions yet contain some similarities in lithic assemblages and house form, suggesting some contact or influence occurred. The subsequent Koniag tradition (900-200 BP) is present in both the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak, indicating direct influence or migration. While the Koniag tradition is found in sites located throughout the North Pacific region, the Koniag tradition in Kodiak is characterized by changes in social climate and subsistence strategies including greater warfare/raiding and resource consolidation. In order to obtain these resources, Koniag …
Honda Country: Relocalization Through Technology In Nanwalek Alaska, David Dehass
Honda Country: Relocalization Through Technology In Nanwalek Alaska, David Dehass
Indigenous Studies
It should not be assumed that the introduction of a new technology automatically wipes out past cultural practices. Instead, it is often the case that these offerings are integrated into a current routine. For the Sugpiat of Nanwalek, Alaska, there is a constant need to negotiate between what to change and what to preserve. My research explores how a cultural group judges a new technology based upon shared boundaries and understandings. I examine how the decision to accept all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) has allowed for increased participation in subsistence practices, effective resource management, and material and emotional reunification with those things …
Monitoring Energy And Nitrogen Availability For Arctic Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus), Lindsay L. Vansomeren
Monitoring Energy And Nitrogen Availability For Arctic Caribou (Rangifer Tarandus), Lindsay L. Vansomeren
Biological Sciences
Arctic caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are an economically and ecologically important species. Rangifer populations are often affected by nutritional factors. Our ability to monitor nutrient supply to arctic ungulates is presently limited by a lack of techniques to consistently and easily measure availability of specific nutrients and which may disproportionately affect different segments of Rangifer populations. I refined and validated a method to measure availability of specific nutrients including nitrogen (N) and energy to caribou using purified fibrolytic enzymes and acid/pepsin to simulate digestion. I then used this method to measure how availability of nitrogen and energy was altered …
Indigenous Social And Economic Adaptations In Northern Alaska As Measures Of Resilience, Stephanie Martin
Indigenous Social And Economic Adaptations In Northern Alaska As Measures Of Resilience, Stephanie Martin
ISER Articles
I explored one aspect of social-ecological change in the context of an Alaskan human-Rangifer system, with the goal of understanding household adaptive responses to perturbations when there are multiple forces of change at play. I focused on households as one element of social resilience. Resilience is in the context of transition theory, in which communities are continually in a process of change, and perturbations are key points in the transition process. This case study of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, USA, contributes to the understanding of cultural continuity and household resilience in times of rapid change by using household survey data from …
The Sun Star Vol 34 No 13 ( November 25th, 2014), N/A N/A
The Sun Star Vol 34 No 13 ( November 25th, 2014), N/A N/A
Sun Star
No abstract provided.
The Sun Star Vol 34 No 12 ( November 18th, 2014), N/A N/A
The Sun Star Vol 34 No 12 ( November 18th, 2014), N/A N/A
Sun Star
No abstract provided.
Soundings 2014-09-05, N/A N/A
Why Do Women Choose To Bed-Share With Their Infants?, Victoria Miller
Why Do Women Choose To Bed-Share With Their Infants?, Victoria Miller
Student Projects for Graduate Degrees
In the early 1990s, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) initiated Back to Sleep to decrease infant mortality from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). A decline in SIDS followed; however, accidental deaths from asphyxiation, overlaying, falls, and suffocation increased. Classified as Sudden Unexplained Infant Deaths (SUID), these deaths occurred more frequently in infants who bed-shared. To minimize the risk of SUID, the AAP released guidelines in 2011 advising against bed-sharing. However, despite the new guidelines, bedsharing rates remain near 50%. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to examine why women bed-share. The author found better sleep, breastfeeding, closeness, …
Balancing Life: Perceptions And Practices Of Health Among Young Adult Yup'ik Women, Cecilie R. Ebsen
Balancing Life: Perceptions And Practices Of Health Among Young Adult Yup'ik Women, Cecilie R. Ebsen
Anthropology
Ten years ago CANHR (Center for Alaska Native Health Research) asked Yup'ik men and women of all ages how they would define health and wellness; that is, what it means to be well and happy. The answers were largely centered on living a subsistence lifestyle, eating subsistence foods and respecting natural spirits and lands. Today a new generation of young Yup'ik women has emerged. A generation that has grown up in villages and cities with storebought food available next to subsistence food, TV, and Internet. In this study young adult Yup'ik women's perceptions of health and their use of dancing …
Caries Differences Among Sub-Saharan Africans, Fawn Carter
Caries Differences Among Sub-Saharan Africans, Fawn Carter
Anthropology
Teeth are a vital source of data for interpreting ancient lifestyles because of their high preservation potential and direct association with food. Understanding dental pathologies such as dental caries (cavities), can provide valuable information regarding diet and health. The objective of the present study is to compare caries prevalence among sub-Saharan African populations to determine whether any significant differences exist through space, time, economy, and between the sexes. A few small-scale dental pathology studies have been undertaken on specific populations and regions, but until now none have encompassed the entirety of sub-Saharan Africa from the Late Stone Age through modern …
Caries Prevalence In Ancient Egyptians And Nubians, Konstantine Triambelas
Caries Prevalence In Ancient Egyptians And Nubians, Konstantine Triambelas
Anthropology
This thesis presents an expanded bioarchaeological perspective to quantitative analyses of dental caries in the remains of 1842 ancient Egyptians and Nubians. The skeletal samples from 17 Egyptian and 15 Nubian cemeteries are represented by both sexes, and span a period from 14000 BCE-1450 CE. Considering that a skeletal population of this size has never been previously evaluated for dental caries, this thesis can make a considerable contribution to a better understanding of the variability encountered in dental caries patterns over time, as these are manifested within the bio/cultural/ecological context of the Nile Valley. Dental caries are the decomposition of …
Exploring The Connection Between Salmon And Well-Being To Strengthen A Food System Intervention In Western Alaska, Jennifer Nu
Exploring The Connection Between Salmon And Well-Being To Strengthen A Food System Intervention In Western Alaska, Jennifer Nu
Biological Sciences
Effective interventions aimed at changing dietary behaviors in indigenous communities can benefit from understanding local perceptions and values connected to culturally important foods. Formative research in collaboration with community members to explore these perceptions is a necessary step in the process of designing effective interventions, yet few studies elaborate on the details of this process. Research conducted in a remote Yup'ik community in Western Alaska explored the connection between salmon and well-being to strengthen a food system intervention. Qualitative data were collected, collaboratively reviewed with a community work group, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Nine major themes emerged from the …
Relationships Between Anadromous Lampreys And Their Host Fishes In The Eastern Bering Sea, Kevin A. Siwicke
Relationships Between Anadromous Lampreys And Their Host Fishes In The Eastern Bering Sea, Kevin A. Siwicke
Fisheries
Arctic Lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus are ecologically and culturally important anadromous, parasitic species experiencing recent population declines in the North Pacific Ocean. However, a paucity of basic information on lampreys feeding in the ocean precludes an incorporation of the adult trophic phase into our understanding of lamprey population dynamics. The goal of this research was to provide insight into the marine life-history stage of Arctic and Pacific lampreys through lamprey-host interactions in the eastern Bering Sea. An analysis of two fishery-independent surveys conducted between 2002 and 2012 in the eastern Bering Sea revealed that Arctic Lampreys …
Intercultural Mentoring: How International Students Identify And Foster Key Socialization Relationships, Elizabeth A. Rossi
Intercultural Mentoring: How International Students Identify And Foster Key Socialization Relationships, Elizabeth A. Rossi
Communication
Mentoring is a widely studied relationship because of the critical job it serves for socialization and integration into the university system. Mentoring relationships can serve as sources of academic, social, and emotional support. Support while adapting to a new environment can heighten overall satisfaction an individual feels as well as increase the individual's overall success. Mentoring for domestic students entering the university is clearly valuable, but becomes more complex for international students. Intercultural communication is an interaction that takes place between individuals or groups who are from different cultural backgrounds. Understanding how diverse our world is can bring better awareness …
Russian Impact On Cultural Identity And Heritage In The Middle Kuskokwim Region Of Alaska, Cheryl L. Jerabek
Russian Impact On Cultural Identity And Heritage In The Middle Kuskokwim Region Of Alaska, Cheryl L. Jerabek
Indigenous Studies
The objective of my research is to document the role that Russian heritage has played in the individual and group identity of Native people in the middle Kuskokwim River region of Alaska. For purposes of this study this area includes the villages of Lower Kalskag, Upper Kalskag, Aniak, Chuathbaluk, Napaimute, Crooked Creek, Red Devil, Georgetown, Sleetmute, and Stony River. The changes and adaptations that occurred in the middle Kuskokwim River area during the Russian era 1790-1867, the changes that occurred with the sale of Alaska to the United States, and the continued changes up to the present time, including the …
Observable Effects Of Attention, Posture, Ergonomics And Movement In The Classroom, Joanne Healy
Observable Effects Of Attention, Posture, Ergonomics And Movement In The Classroom, Joanne Healy
Other
Two studies related to student attention, posture, school ergonomics, student behavior (leaning, standing up, and moving), and learning engagement were conducted in Alaska. The Children's Postural Improvement Study (CPIS) looked at the observable effects of two interventions on attention. In the Classroom Environmental Study (CES) a baseline ergonomic survey compared observed student behavior and classroom arrangements. The purpose of the CPIS was to investigate the effects of a postural education program, consisting of five 30-minute instructional sessions, as compared to a nutritional intervention at two elementary schools and its effect on attention. Three quantitative tools measured attention, the post-Partial Vanderbilt …
Where The Rivers Meet: The Life Story Of The Reverend Helen Peters Of Tanana, Hild M. Peters
Where The Rivers Meet: The Life Story Of The Reverend Helen Peters Of Tanana, Hild M. Peters
Arctic and Northern Studies
This thesis presents the life story of the Reverend Helen Peters, an Athabascan woman whose life exemplifies how faith in God can help a person to overcome great obstacles and trauma. The western view of leadership is very different from the concept as understood among Alaska Natives. Leadership of Native elders is the embodiment of their character, their conscience, their family history, traditions, language ability and spirituality. At every gathering the elders are expected to discuss these concepts in order to instruct and guide the people. In this way, they lead by example and find any and every opportunity to …
Use Of Tlingit Art And Identity By Non-Tlingit People In Sitka, Alaska, David Kreiss-Tomkins
Use Of Tlingit Art And Identity By Non-Tlingit People In Sitka, Alaska, David Kreiss-Tomkins
Arctic and Northern Studies
Tlingit culture, as with many Indigenous cultures that exist under colonial rule, is often described as being in danger of disappearing. Despite this, the appropriation of and subsequent use of cultural practices by non-Tlingit people, and especially white people, is a continuation of the process of colonization when it is enacted in a manner that is not critical of current and historical racism, capitalist pressures and colonial violence. This project addresses the topic through recorded conversations with seven Tlingit women in Sitka, Alaska in an attempt to place Tlingit cultural production and use in the broader contexts of Indigenous cultural …
Toothed Whale Interactions With Longline Fisheries In Alaska, Megan J. Peterson
Toothed Whale Interactions With Longline Fisheries In Alaska, Megan J. Peterson
Fisheries
Killer whale (Orcinus orca) and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) depredation occurs when whales damage or remove fish caught on longline gear. This project used a mixed methods approach incorporating Generalized Linear and Additive Modeling techniques and social research methods, such as semi-directed interviews and written questionnaires, to evaluate: 1) spatio-temporal depredation trends, 2) depredation effects on groundfish catch rates, and 3) socio-economic implications of depredation avoidance and changing fishing practices due to whale interactions. The occurrence of killer whale depredation varied by target species and area based on National Marine Fisheries Service longline survey data and observer commercial fishery data …
Soundings 2014-05-16, N/A N/A
Mean Girls: Fact Or Media Fabrication? Constructing Female Adolescent Social Hierarchies Through Language Use, Meaghan Doyle
Mean Girls: Fact Or Media Fabrication? Constructing Female Adolescent Social Hierarchies Through Language Use, Meaghan Doyle
2014 Research Day Posters
Most research regarding language use has led to the conclusion that females are typically more cooperative and males are more aggressive. In the past decade there has been a prevalence of adolescent females being portrayed as more aggressive in the media, such as films like Mean Girls (2004). The problem with much of the research regarding language use as it relates to gender is that it has been centered on male-female interactions and little attention has been given to female-female interaction. This project serves to focus on the interactions between adolescent females in the United States as well as the …
Sexual Violence Or Flattery?: Latin American Perceptions Of Catcalls And Street Compliments, Ana Fochesatto
Sexual Violence Or Flattery?: Latin American Perceptions Of Catcalls And Street Compliments, Ana Fochesatto
2014 Research Day Posters
No abstract provided.