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Cmsi Archive Translation: Construction Of Carriers For Strategic Power Projection In Response To National Security Needs, Liu Jiasheng, Sun Datong, Peng Fubing

CMSI Translations

This article explores the construction of "strategic power projection carriers" (ships, aircraft, and heavy road vehicles) necessary for the military to "go out" and protect overseas interests. It outlines a "triad" of organic military, national, and societal transportation resources to achieve rapid deployment. The piece sets near-, medium-, and long-term goals for developing technologies like high-speed RO-RO ships, heavy transport aircraft, and unmanned projection fleets.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Why Landing Operations Are Hard, Wang Guo, Wang Xiang

CMSI Translations

This theoretical analysis examines why amphibious operations are uniquely difficult, identifying command of the sea and air as absolute preconditions. It emphasizes that successful landings depend heavily on the meticulous choice of timing and location, as well as the ability to maintain "sustained logistical support" once forces are on the beachhead.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Countermeasures For Problems In Transport Service Support In Cross-Strait And Beach Landing, Chen Xuanyu, Ren Cong, Wang Fengzhong

CMSI Translations

This paper addresses the dual combat and logistical nature of transport support in island landings. It identifies challenges such as the "Malacca dilemma, " transparent battlefields, and the vulnerability of logistics hubs to precision strikes. Recommended countermeasures include strengthening the development of air-cushion landing craft and shipborne transport helicopters to enhance vertical landing capabilities.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Lessons From Foreign Submarine Rotation, Li Jianlin, Wang Ruichen, Xu Liming

CMSI Translations

Drawing on U.S. and Russian practices, this article explores how to increase the "at-sea presence" of SSBNs. It proposes a "far-seas rotation" model where crews are exchanged in the operating area using large support ships, thereby reducing transit time and maximizing the boat's effective duty time.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Approaches To Improving Support Capabilities For Dock-Less Unloading, Liu Baoxin, Dong Nan

CMSI Translations

Focusing on "logistics over-the-shore, " this article argues for improved "dock-less unloading" capabilities for when enemy ports are damaged. It proposes establishing organic military support units, reserve forces drawn from port engineering firms, and unmanned support forces to clear obstacles and transport materials. The authors emphasize the need for new-type elevated causeway systems and Ro-Ro lighters to operate in high sea state.

Cmsi Archive Translation: The Biggest Obstacle To Chinese Nuclear Submarines Going Out Into The Indian Ocean, Hei Jin

CMSI Translations

This analysis identifies the lack of overseas support points as the primary obstacle to Chinese nuclear submarine operations in the Indian Ocean. While acknowledging the Djibouti base, the author argues that the political and technical costs of supporting nuclear reactors there are high. The piece suggests that truly covert operations require "second tier" bases in remote regions like Tanzania or Madagascar to avoid international surveillance.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Deployment Of Petroleum, Oil, And Lubricant (Pol) Support Forces For Warship Formations Conducting Distant Ocean Operations, Wei Zhenkun, Liao Xiaowu, Zhao Suli, Guo Zhan

CMSI Translations

This article examines the deployment of Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricant (POL) support forces as a "lifeline" for far-seas operations. It details a multi-layered deployment strategy involving rear shore-based depots, forward bases on remote islands or floating platforms, and maritime mobile replenishment formations. The authors advocate for "modularized free combinations" of storage and filling equipment to increase flexibility.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Serve Readiness And Warfighting, Promote Marine Environmental Construction, Xu Quanjun, Xie Zhimin

CMSI Translations

This report stresses that far-seas operations require "exquisite" marine environmental support, specifically hydrological and meteorological data. It calls for improved numerical forecasting for underwater "sensitive elements" like internal waves and eddies to support submarine positioning, underwater communications, and missile launches.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Mine Warfare Should Not Be Neglected, Huang Fengzhi

CMSI Translations

This article asserts that mine warfare should not be neglected because mines provide enduring, difficult-to-remove "strategic utility" in blockades and countering landings. It acknowledges a "fairly large gap" in Chinese MCM capabilities compared to global developments and calls for high priority on researching modern mine warfare systems.

Cmsi Archive Translation: An Examination Of The Use Of Civil Helicopters In Mine Countermeasure Operations, Zhang Wei, Zhang Xiuzhi, Wang Jiufa

CMSI Translations

This piece proposes the "COOP MCM" plan: using civilian helicopters and aircraft to conduct emergency mine clearing in wartime. It argues that helicopters are safer and faster than surface ships and that China's large inventory of civil helicopters (like the AC313) could be rapidly converted into MCM platforms using standardized, modular equipment.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Research On Combined Support For Torpedoes And Sea Mines, Jin Mudan, Lu Hui, Feng Shaowei, Chai Kai

CMSI Translations

This technical study researches "combined support" for torpedoes and mines to improve efficiency. Because these weapons share similar maintenance cycles, storage requirements, and personnel training needs, the authors argue for shared technical support areas to reduce construction costs and increase the speed of munitions supply during an informatized war.

China Maritime Report No. 13: The Origins Of "Near Seas Defense And Far Seas Protection", Jennifer Rice, Erik Robb

CMSI China Maritime Reports

This report traces the origins and development of China’s current naval strategy: “Near Seas Defense and Far Seas Protection.” Near Seas Defense is a regional, defensive concept concerned with ensuring China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. Its primary focus is preparing to fight and win informatized local wars within the first island chain. Far Seas Protection has both peacetime and wartime elements. In peacetime, the Chinese navy is expected to conduct a range of “non-war military operations” such as participating in international peacekeeping, providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, evacuating Chinese citizens from danger, and engaging in joint …

Cmsi Archive Translation: Problems With Managing The Use Of Warship Damage Control Equipment And Suggestions For Optimization, Deng Kaiyong, Yin Hui, Shu Xiong

CMSI Translations

his article identifies systemic problems in warship damage control management, including irrational equipment configuration and inconsistent standards for model numbers. To optimize survivability, it recommends creating specialized functional areas for firefighting gear, leak-plugging tools, and drainage equipment. It also suggests modifying hose boxes to reduce deployment time from 30 seconds to just 10 seconds.

Cmsi Archive Translation: Discussion Of Capacity Building Of China’S Mine Countermeasure Support Ships, Ni Hua, Zhao Zhiping, Guan Hong, Ai Yanhui

CMSI Translations

This source analyzes the "force multiplier" role of Mine Countermeasure (MCM) support ships in protecting shipping lanes like the "Maritime Silk Road". These ships provide command, control, and replenishment for modular systems, including unmanned surface and underwater vehicles and aerial MCM helicopters.

Hm 28: To The Java Sea: Selections From The Diary, Reports, And Letters Of Henry E. Eccles, 1940-1942, John B. Hattendorf, Pelham Boyer

Historical Monographs

The three-year span between 1940 and 1942 was critical in Henry Eccles’s life and career. These years mark not only the beginnings of the direct involvement of the United States in World War II but also Eccles’s first surface warship command, the command that earned him high professional recognition—the Navy Cross and the Silver Star. The diary, reports, and letters assembled here allow the modern reader an unusual opportunity to enter a very different world and a very different time in naval history. The contents document Lt. Cdr. Henry E. Eccles’s trip by passenger ships from New York to Manila, …

Hm 27: Major Naval Operations In European Waters, 1939–1945, Milan Vego

Historical Monographs

This work is the second and last sequel to Major Naval Operations, published by the Naval War College Press in 2008 as Newport Paper 32. The first sequel, Major Fleet-versus-Fleet Operations in the Pacific War, 1941–1945, was published (as Historical Monograph 22) by the Naval War College Press / Government Printing Office in 2014; a second edition came out in 2016. The focus of that volume was on the description and analysis of three major fleet-versus-fleet operations. In contrast, this work, Major Naval Operations in European Waters, 1939–1945 (twenty-seventh in the Naval War College Press’s Historical Monograph series), looks …

Command Accountability For Ai Weapon Systems In The Law Of Armed Conflict, James Kraska

International Law Studies

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in weapon systems enhances the ability of operational forces to fuse multispectral sensors to understand the warfighting environment, positively identify, track, and select targets, and engage them with the most appropriate effects. The potential for AI to help close the “kill chain” has raised concern that this creates a gap in accountability between the decisions of humans and the acts of machines, with humans no longer accountable for decisions made during armed conflict. This study suggests that there is no gap because the military commander is always directly and individually accountable for the employment …

Encirclement, Deprivation, And Humanity: Revising The San Remo Manual Provisions On Blockade, Tom Dannenbaum

International Law Studies

Among the most pernicious trends in contemporary armed conflict is the return of mass starvation in war, in some cases as its primary source of human suffering. This has prompted a renewed focus on the relevant rules of international humanitarian law (IHL). On some issues, there is relative consensus. On the issue of deprivation by encirclement, however, there is confusion.

Some have questioned whether the prohibition on the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare applies to encirclements at all, particularly in the naval context. Others have interpreted the prohibition vanishingly narrowly. In contrast to the more extreme of …

Israel’S Perspective On Key Legal And Practical Issues Concerning The Application Of International Law To Cyber Operations, Roy Schöndorf

International Law Studies

The speech given by the Israeli Deputy Attorney General (International Law) at the Naval War College’s event on “Disruptive Technologies and International Law” sets out, for the first time, Israel’s position on the application of international law to cyber operations. Consistent with the position taken by the vast majority of States thus far, Israel considers that international law applies to such operations. The speech stresses that questions pertaining to the identification and application of relevant legal rules remain, given the profound differences between the cyber domain and traditional domains of warfare—land, sea, and air. Therefore, in Israel’s view, a cautious …

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships: New Possibilities—And Challenges—In Ocean Law And Policy, Joel Coito

International Law Studies

Landmark developments in autonomous vessel technology have the potential to deliver economic, environmental, and security benefits on the world’s oceans. Tempering the promise of that future is the stark reality that maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) challenge the existing international order of the seas. This article examines the promise and perils of MASS in three areas of enduring significance to commercial vessels, naval forces, and industry regulators: search and rescue (SAR), maritime counterdrug operations, and navigational safety. This article concludes that autonomous vessel technology will lead to a superior global regime for maritime SAR operations, enhanced detection and interdiction of …

Armed Conflicts In Outer Space: Which Law Applies?, Frans G. Von Der Dunk

International Law Studies

So far, outer space has merely become involved in terrestrial armed conflicts as part of the supportive infrastructure for military activities. Unfortunately, the risk that this changes is considerably growing, and it can no longer be excluded that (armed) force will become used in outer space, either directed towards Earth or within outer space itself.

This raises serious issues in the legal context, where space law so far has been premised on the hope that armed conflicts in outer space could be avoided whereas the law of armed conflict was not required so far to deal with the use of …

Responding To Hostile Cyber Operations: The “In-Kind” Option, Michael N. Schmitt, Durward E. Johnson

International Law Studies

Facing hostile cyber operations, States are crafting responsive strategies, tactics and rules of engagement. One of the major challenges in doing so is that key aspects of the international law governing cyber responses are vague, unsettled or complex. Not surprisingly, therefore, international law is markedly absent from strategies and operational concepts. Rather, they tend to take on a practical “tit-for-tat” feel as policymakers logically view “in-kind” responses as “fair play.” For them, responding in-kind surely must be lawful notwithstanding any challenges in discerning the precise legal character of the initial hostile cyber operation.

Testing that sense, this article examines the …

U.S. Position On The U.N. Convention On The Law Of The Sea, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

U.S. Protests China's Maritime Claims In The South China Sea, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

U.S. Policy On The South China Sea, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Introduction To The Indo-Pacific Command Paper Series, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Air Defense Identification Zones, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Archipelagic States, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

China's Excessive Maritime Claims, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

General Principles Of The Law Of The Sea, Office Of The Staff Judge Advocate

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.