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Articles 301 - 330 of 2827
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
President's Forum, Shoshana Chatfield Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, President, Naval War College
President's Forum, Shoshana Chatfield Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, President, Naval War College
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
From The Editors, Robert Ayer Managing Editor
From The Editors, Robert Ayer Managing Editor
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
Summer 2023 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College
Summer 2023 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
2023 Conference - Safe, Secure, And Sustainable Shipping: Program, Center For Oceans Law & Policy
2023 Conference - Safe, Secure, And Sustainable Shipping: Program, Center For Oceans Law & Policy
Conference on Oceans Law & Policy
The theme of the 46th Annual Conference on Oceans Law and Policy is "Safe, Secure, and Sustainable Shipping." Through the annual Conference on Oceans Law and Policy, the Stockton Center promotes interdisciplinary interaction with ocean-related legal and public policy experts and issues at all levels, addressing international, national, regional, and state concerns. COLP 46 was hosted by the Ankara University National Center for the Sea and Maritime Law (DEHUKAM), and cosponsored by the Stockton Center for International Law, the Japan Institute for International Studies (JIIA) in Tokyo, Gujarat Maritime University (GMU) in India, Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) in South Korea, …
Law Enforcement Measures Against Chinese Maritime Militia, Kentaro Furuya
Law Enforcement Measures Against Chinese Maritime Militia, Kentaro Furuya
International Law Studies
This article undertakes a comprehensive legal assessment of Chinese maritime militia vessels and their operations, employing a law enforcement perspective as the analytical lens. During peacetime, those vessels engage in fishing and low-intensity military activities but during armed conflict they transition to tasks like reconnaissance. Notably, these maritime militias are frequently deployed in what is commonly termed as "gray zone" scenarios, which lack a clearly defined designation as either peacetime or armed conflict. Their principal objective lies in asserting territorial claims without resorting to full-scale armed conflict. This article delves into an exploration of the legal status accorded to these …
China Maritime Report No. 31: China's Submarine Industrial Base: State-Led Innovation With Chinese Characteristics, Sarah Kirchberger
China Maritime Report No. 31: China's Submarine Industrial Base: State-Led Innovation With Chinese Characteristics, Sarah Kirchberger
CMSI China Maritime Reports
In recent years, China’s naval industries have made tremendous progress supporting the modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) submarine force, both through robust commitment to research and development (R&D) and the upgrading of production infrastructure at the country’s three submarine shipyards: Bohai Shipyard, Huludao; Wuchang Shipyard, Wuhan; and Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai. Nevertheless, China’s submarine industrial base continues to suffer from surprising weaknesses in propulsion (from marine diesels to fuel cells) and submarine quieting. Closer ties with Russia could provide opportunities for China to overcome these enduring technological limitations by exploiting political and economic levers to gain access to …
Does International Humanitarian Law Confer Undue Legitimacy On Violence In War?, Kieran R.J. Tinkler
Does International Humanitarian Law Confer Undue Legitimacy On Violence In War?, Kieran R.J. Tinkler
International Law Studies
International humanitarian law is lauded as a civilizing force that seeks to limit the effects of war for humanitarian reasons. There is, however, an increasing sense that IHL has facilitated rather than restrained military operations by conferring undue legitimacy on violence in war. This article focuses on the nature of the relationship between legitimacy and IHL to ascertain whether this is indeed the case. It concludes that, while IHL alone cannot confer "normative legitimacy" on battlefield conduct, it does frame "empirical legitimacy." Whether such legitimacy is unwarranted is, ultimately, best judged by reference to morality. Yet insistence on the pre-eminence …
China’S New Law On Foreign Relations: Transforming The Rules-Based International Order With Chinese Characteristics, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
China’S New Law On Foreign Relations: Transforming The Rules-Based International Order With Chinese Characteristics, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
International Law Studies
In 2023 China adopted a comprehensive Law on Foreign Relations. Although the law is intended to shape China’s diplomatic relations and its cultural, economic, and other exchanges, as well as China’s relations with the United Nations and other international organizations, implementation of the law will be guided by (inter alia) Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The law makes clear that China’s foreign relations will be conducted to uphold its system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, safeguard its sovereignty, unification and territorial integrity, and promote its economic and social development. This revisionist “rule by …
The Legal Boundaries Of (Digital) Information Or Psychological Operations Under International Humanitarian Law, Tilman Rodenhäuser
The Legal Boundaries Of (Digital) Information Or Psychological Operations Under International Humanitarian Law, Tilman Rodenhäuser
International Law Studies
“Information operations” or “psychological operations” have long been part of armed conflicts. Among Western militaries, they are commonly understood as the employment of communication or other means to influence the views, attitudes, or behavior of adversaries or civilian populations to achieve political and military objectives. Chinese military strategy describes “psychological offense and defense” as “a combat action that uses specific information and media to influence the psychology and behavior of the target object through rational propaganda, deterrence and emotional guidance based on strategic intentions and combat missions.” Likewise, Russian military doctrine elaborates on concepts such as “psychological warfare” and on …
China Maritime Report No. 30: A Brief Technical History Of Plan Nuclear Submarines, Christopher P. Carlson, Howard Wang
China Maritime Report No. 30: A Brief Technical History Of Plan Nuclear Submarines, Christopher P. Carlson, Howard Wang
CMSI China Maritime Reports
After nearly 50 years since the first Type 091 SSN was commissioned, China is finally on the verge of producing world-class nuclear-powered submarines. This report argues that the propulsion, quieting, sensors, and weapons capabilities of the Type 095 SSGN could approach Russia’s Improved Akula I class SSN. The Type 095 will likely be equipped with a pump jet propulsor, a freefloating horizontal raft, a hybrid propulsion system, and 12-18 vertical launch system tubes able to accommodate anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles. China’s newest SSBN, the Type 096, will likewise see significant improvements over its predecessor, with the potential to compare …
Prisoner Of War Status And Nationals Of A Detaining Power, W. Casey Biggerstaff, Michael N. Schmitt
Prisoner Of War Status And Nationals Of A Detaining Power, W. Casey Biggerstaff, Michael N. Schmitt
International Law Studies
This article examines whether a Detaining State is obliged to recognize prisoner of war status for its own nationals under Article 4A of the 1949 Geneva Convention III. It begins with an assessment of that article from the perspective of established principles for construing treaty provisions. It then adds context to that assessment by examining relevant scholarship and State practice regarding its prescriptions before and after the Convention’s negotiation and adoption. Although it concludes that denying prisoner of war status to a national of the Detaining Power is the more persuasive interpretation of Article 4A, it concludes by highlighting the …
The Strategic Use Of Ransomware Operations As A Method Of Warfare, Jeffrey Biller
The Strategic Use Of Ransomware Operations As A Method Of Warfare, Jeffrey Biller
International Law Studies
This article examines the potential use and legal limitations of ransomware to achieve strategic effects in armed conflicts. Ransomware is defined here as the temporary encryption of data until some pre-condition is met to release the encryption. The article focuses on international law as applicable to a State’s use of ransomware against another State, where both are parties to an existing international armed conflict. The author finds that international humanitarian law does not currently prohibit most uses of ransomware against non-military related targets in armed conflicts. While the encryption of data may be a legal violation when it inhibits the …
Adjusting The Aperture: The International Law Case For Qualifying Unmanned Vessels As Warships, Malgorzata Materna
Adjusting The Aperture: The International Law Case For Qualifying Unmanned Vessels As Warships, Malgorzata Materna
International Law Studies
A number of stakeholders in the international community have advocated for the establishment of restrictions on the development and acquisition of unmanned vessels capable of contributing to naval warfare. These efforts are often based on the notion that the law did not anticipate the existence and use of unmanned vessels, and therefore the drafters of applicable legal frameworks—including the longstanding international law definition of a “warship”—did not consider them. However, this article evaluates, element by element, how unmanned vessels can, should, and already do meet the requirements for the warship designation under international law, based on a reading compatible with …
China Maritime Report No. 29: Plan Mine Countermeasures: Platforms, Training, And Civil-Military Integration, Brian Waidelich, George Pollitt
China Maritime Report No. 29: Plan Mine Countermeasures: Platforms, Training, And Civil-Military Integration, Brian Waidelich, George Pollitt
CMSI China Maritime Reports
The People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) has made incremental progress in its mine countermeasures (MCM) program in recent years. The PLAN’s current inventory of about 60 MCM ships and craft includes classes of minehunters and minesweepers mostly commissioned in the past decade as well as unmanned surface vessels (USVs) and remotely operated vehicles with demonstrated explosive neutralization capability. Despite the addition of these advanced MCM platforms and equipment, experts affiliated with the PLAN and China’s mine warfare development laboratory have serious reservations about the PLAN’s current ability to respond to the full range of likely threats posed by naval mines …
Sun Tzu In The West: The Anglo-American Art Of War, Jonathan Welch, Peter Lorge
Sun Tzu In The West: The Anglo-American Art Of War, Jonathan Welch, Peter Lorge
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
Armed Guests: Territorial Sovereignty And Foreign Military Basing, Robert Flynn, Sebastian Schmidt
Armed Guests: Territorial Sovereignty And Foreign Military Basing, Robert Flynn, Sebastian Schmidt
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
Drones And Global Order: Implications Of Remote Warfare For International Society, Richard Norton, Paul Lushenko, Srinjoy Bose, William Maley
Drones And Global Order: Implications Of Remote Warfare For International Society, Richard Norton, Paul Lushenko, Srinjoy Bose, William Maley
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
Research & Debate—Historical Parallels In Command: Nelson And Spruance, Robert C. Rubel
Research & Debate—Historical Parallels In Command: Nelson And Spruance, Robert C. Rubel
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
“Confining The Enemy”—Halford Mackinder’S Theory Of Containment And The Conflict In Ukraine, Michael Hochberg, Leonard Hochberg
“Confining The Enemy”—Halford Mackinder’S Theory Of Containment And The Conflict In Ukraine, Michael Hochberg, Leonard Hochberg
Naval War College Review
Before George Kennan outlined his vision of containment, Halford Mackinder articulated a vision of maritime geostrategic logic that prioritized some geographic locations over others. Because Mackinder’s writings have been marshaled to assess the ongoing U.S. commitment to Ukraine, it is important to appreciate how his theory applies to the current crisis.
The Cuban Missile Crisis At Sea—Avoidance Of Nuclear War Not Left To Chance, Theodore Voorhees
The Cuban Missile Crisis At Sea—Avoidance Of Nuclear War Not Left To Chance, Theodore Voorhees
Naval War College Review
Many contradictions emerge from the nine published accounts of the confrontation between the Soviet submarine B-59 and American antisubmarine-warfare units during the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962. Assessing those accounts reveals that no participant should be anointed as “the man who saved the world,” and that the peaceful conclusion of the confrontation should not be attributed to good luck.
Smart Balancers Kill Many Birds With Few Stones—Sino-Russian Security Cooperation In The Maritime Domain, Maximilian Ernst, Tongfi Kim
Smart Balancers Kill Many Birds With Few Stones—Sino-Russian Security Cooperation In The Maritime Domain, Maximilian Ernst, Tongfi Kim
Naval War College Review
Minimizing the costs and risks of balancing is crucial for a coalition facing stronger opponents—such as China and Russia facing the United States and its partners. The motives of Sino-Russian security cooperation should be understood within the context of a full spectrum of balancing strategies in international relations and the relatively lower risk of escalation in the maritime domain.
The European Union’S Quest To Become A Global Maritime-Security Provider, Christian Bueger, Timothy Edmunds
The European Union’S Quest To Become A Global Maritime-Security Provider, Christian Bueger, Timothy Edmunds
Naval War College Review
The European Union (EU) seeks to become a global maritime-security actor, yet strategic challenges influence its maritime-security strategy process. Is there a distinctive and coherent EU approach to global maritime security, and how should the EU address the growing range of maritime challenges, including the intensification of militarized competition in the Indo-Pacific?
The Future Of Precision-Strike Warfare—Strategic Dynamics Of Mature Military Revolutions, John D. Maurer
The Future Of Precision-Strike Warfare—Strategic Dynamics Of Mature Military Revolutions, John D. Maurer
Naval War College Review
The precision conventional revolution, which yielded early U.S. military successes, is entering a more mature phase. Future great-power wars could tend toward protracted conflicts as superpowers seek to coerce each other without escalating to nuclear warfare. The proliferation and massing of precision conventional weapons may worsen such conventional military stalemates, with each side eviscerating the other’s power-projection capabilities.
From The Editors, Robert Ayer
Spring 2023 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College
Spring 2023 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College
Naval War College Review
No abstract provided.
The Black Sea Grain Initiative: Russia’S Strategic Blunder Or Diplomatic Coup?, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
The Black Sea Grain Initiative: Russia’S Strategic Blunder Or Diplomatic Coup?, Raul (Pete) Pedrozo
International Law Studies
On July 22, 2022, Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Türkiye, and the United Nations signed a groundbreaking agreement to allow for the safe transport of grain, related foodstuffs, and fertilizer from three Ukrainian ports to global markets. Concurrently, a second (lesser known) agreement was concluded between the United Nations and Russia that would allow the unimpeded export of Russian food and fertilizer (including raw materials to produce fertilizers) to world markets. These agreements were hailed as a critical solution for the impending global food crisis and the safety and security of neutral shipping in the Black Sea resulting from the Russia-Ukraine …
China Maritime Report No. 28: Bitterness Ends, Sweetness Begins: Organizational Changes To The Plan Submarine Force Since 2015, J. Michael Dahm, Alison Zhao
China Maritime Report No. 28: Bitterness Ends, Sweetness Begins: Organizational Changes To The Plan Submarine Force Since 2015, J. Michael Dahm, Alison Zhao
CMSI China Maritime Reports
“Above-the-neck” reforms in the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) that began in 2015 directed the development of a new joint operational command system that resulted in commensurate changes to PLA Navy submarine force command and control. Additional changes to tactical submarine command and control were driven by the evolution and expansion of PLA Navy surface and airborne capabilities and the introduction of new longer-range submarine weapons. Follow-on “below-theneck” reforms inspired significant organizational change across most of China’s military services. However, the PLA Navy submarine force, for its part, did not reorganize its command structure but instead focused on significant improvements to …
China Maritime Report No. 27: Pla Navy Submarine Leadership - Factors Affecting Operational Performance, Roderick Lee
China Maritime Report No. 27: Pla Navy Submarine Leadership - Factors Affecting Operational Performance, Roderick Lee
CMSI China Maritime Reports
The way the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) selects and manages its submarine officers increases the likelihood of human performance errors onboard a PLAN submarine. First, PLAN submarine officers are selected from applicants with among the lowest college entrance examinations of any PLA educational institution, suggesting that PLAN submariners are among the service’s least talented officers. Second, the Party Committee system at the apex of decision-making aboard PLAN submarines may be less agile than other approaches to command, at least in certain circumstances. Lastly, while the policy of embarking flotilla leaders senior to the submarine captain may reduce some of …
Curriculum Development At Defense Security Cooperation University, Dr. Susan Yoshihara, Dr. Grace Hoffman
Curriculum Development At Defense Security Cooperation University, Dr. Susan Yoshihara, Dr. Grace Hoffman
Women, Peace, and Security
American Council on Women Peace and Security Founder, Dr. Susan Yoshihara, and Fellow, Dr. Grace Hoffman design, develop, and implement tailored WPS curricula. They will speak about their work at Defense Security Cooperation University (DSCU). At DSCU, their team integrated WPS into training, certification, and graduate education. The hallmarks of their approach include close working relationships with the faculty, alignment with U.S. law, understanding of international and partner nation WPS perspectives and mandates, and the highest standards of scholarship. They believe that the faculty are the best educators of WPS within their courses due to their mastery of the material. …
Military Masculinities, Tactical Femininities, And The ‘Third Gender’ In Ashley’S War”, Maj. Lauren Ward
Military Masculinities, Tactical Femininities, And The ‘Third Gender’ In Ashley’S War”, Maj. Lauren Ward
Women, Peace, and Security
The panelist provides a rhetorical analysis of the 2015 book, Ashley’s War: The Untold Story of a Team of Women Soldiers on the Special Ops Battlefield by Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, focusing on the “audience” aspect of the rhetorical triangle (author, audience, message). The book is first presented as a celebration of women’s meaningful participation in combat through the Cultural Support Team (CST) program appealing to a public audience. It is viewed as a celebration of women’s abilities to succeed in hypermasculine environments while simultaneously maintaining feminine characteristics. Subsequently, the speaker offers a critique of the book’s instrumentalization of gendered labor, …