Digital Commons Network^™

A Case Report Of Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Blood Pressure Fluctuations Caused By Pheochromocytoma, Huiping Li, Wei Yang, Yu Feng, You Zhang, Gan-Xin Yan, Chuanyu Gao

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Pheochromocytoma typically presents with sustained or paroxysmal hypertension, but initial manifestation as acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is rare. Peri-procedural hemodynamic fluctuations are often dramatic, making diagnosis and management challenging. We report a 51-year-old male admitted with chest tightness for 17 days. Elevated troponin and coronary angiography showing multivessel disease with total occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) led to a preliminary diagnosis of NSTEMI. During percutaneous coronary intervention, blood pressure surged to 240/130 mmHg; intravenous nitroprusside caused an instantaneous drop to 95/55 mmHg, with rapid rebound to >200 mmHg upon withdrawal, showing no clear temporal relationship …

E3 Ligase Rnf145 Regulates Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Via The Pp2a-P70s6k Signaling Axis, Vijaya Kumar Gangipangi, Erin O. Curley, Deepak A. Deshpande, Pawan Sharma

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a key determinant of airway caliber and a major contributor to structural remodeling in obstructive lung diseases, including asthma and COPD. ASM proliferation is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including ubiquitin-dependent protein turnover mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we investigated the role of the RING-type E3 ligase RNF145 in mitogenic signaling and ASM cell proliferation. Human ASM cells were transfected with RNF145 shRNA or treated with the E3 ligase inhibitor SMER3, followed by stimulation with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). RNF145 knockdown or SMER3 treatment dose-dependently inhibited mitogen-induced ASM …

Malt1 Protease Inhibition Restrains Glioblastoma Progression By Reversing Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Dependent Immunosuppression In Mice, Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja, Saigopalakrishna Yerneni, Lisa Maurer, Hannah Crentsil, Gabriela Debom, Linda Klei, Mei Smyers, Chaim Sneiderman, Kristina Schwab, Rajesh Acharya, Aivi Nguyen, Josie Emery, John Little, Jeffrey Meridew, Yijen Lin Wu, Prasanna Ekambaram, Dong Hu, Pete Gough, John Bertin, Ari Melnick, Gary Kohanbash, Riyue Bao, Peter Lucas, Linda Mcallister-Lucas

College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers

MALT1 protease is an intracellular signaling molecule that promotes tumor progression via cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. MALT1 has been mostly studied in lymphocytes, and little is known about its role in tumor-associated macrophages. We show that MALT1 is expressed in glioblastoma (GBM)-associated macrophages. Mechanistically, GBM tumor cells induce a MALT1-NF-κB signaling axis in macrophages, leading to enhanced macrophage migration and polarization toward an immunosuppressive ('M2-like') phenotype. Inactivation of MALT1 protease promotes transcriptional reprogramming that reduces migration and restores a macrophage anti-tumor 'M1-like' phenotype. Preclinical in vivo analysis shows that MALT1 inhibitor treatment results in immuno-reactivity of GBM-associated macrophages …

Surgical Outcomes Of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Excision: Factors Impacting Wound Healing Time, Christina Huang, Scott H. Koeneman, Sherry Yang, Sami Tannour

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can be treated surgically to excise recurrent and recalcitrant regions of disease activity. However, surgical outcomes are highly variable depending on closure method, concomitant medical management and area of excision. In this study, we aim to characterise the healing courses from HS excision in a case series. To reduce operator variability, we opted to conduct a case series from a single surgeon. Surgeries conducted from June 2024-December 2025 by surgeon S.T. were included, and the postoperative course was followed until February 2026. Surgical details and postoperative course for 34 sites of HS across 20 patients were analysed. …

Interpreting Continuous Glucose Monitoring Through Metabolic Physiology: A Framework For Precision Nutrition In Type 2 Diabetes, Jitendra D. Belani

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Background: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by substantial interindividual variability in postprandial glucose responses, yet continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose patterns are commonly described using quantitative metrics without sufficient consideration of the physiological mechanisms that generate them. Objective: To develop a physiology-based framework for interpreting CGM-derived glycemic phenotypes in relation to dietary exposures and individual metabolic characteristics, thereby supporting precision nutrition in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A structured narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed to identify studies examining CGM, postprandial glucose regulation, dietary exposures, metabolic physiology, and precision nutrition. Evidence was synthesized within a predefined …

Intravenous Thrombolysis Beyond The Conventional Time Window For Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Shaan Patel, Shiva A. Nischal, Kush M. Kale, Michael R. Gooch, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, Pascal Jabbour

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is an established therapy for acute ischemic stroke when administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. However, many patients present beyond this window or with unknown onset, and recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have evaluated whether imaging-selected patients may benefit from thrombolysis in the extended window.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and safety outcomes associated with IVT administered 4.5 hours or more after stroke onset.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from database inception through March 3, 2026.

STUDY SELECTION: RCTs enrolling adults with acute ischemic stroke treated …

Young-Onset Stroke In The Uae: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis Of Risk Factors And Outcomes, Sobia Siddiq, Saryia Adra, Kamel A. Samara, Batool Aldaher, Mohamad Emad Aldeen Mahfouz, Nour Sakan, Fathima Musfira, Roomiyah Riyaz Assadi, Ahlam Mohamed Almarzooqi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

BACKGROUND: Young-onset stroke represents a growing public health concern, yet data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remain limited. This study aimed to examine the risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with young-onset stroke in the UAE.

METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 419 patients aged below 50 years who were admitted at Al Qassimi Hospital, Sharjah, UAE, with a diagnosis of stroke between 2016 and 2022. Data on demographics, comorbidities, stroke subtype, management, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using Python-based statistical libraries.

RESULTS: The study population comprised predominantly of male individuals (78.28%), with most patients originating …

Fraction-Seq: An Integrated Experimental And Computational Workflow For Determining The Localization And Abundance Of Small Non-Coding Rnas In Subcellular Compartments, Siddhartha Shah, Tess Cherlin, Yi Jing, Stepan Nersisyan, Benjamin E. Leiby, Isidore Rigoutsos

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have garnered considerable attention in recent years, following accumulating evidence of their critical roles in many cellular processes. Among sncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and their isoforms (isomiRs), tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), rRNA-derived fragments (rRFs), and Y RNA-derived fragments (yRFs) account for more than 95% of all sncRNAs found in cells. Despite their critical regulatory roles, most sncRNAs remain uncharacterized because their functionalization is a lengthy and challenging undertaking. Knowing an sncRNA's abundance helps prioritize among the various choices, while knowing where it localizes in the cell greatly limits the number and identity of its potential targets and helps …

Endoscopic Versus Catheter-Based Minimally Invasive Evacuation Of Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Shaan Patel, Shiva A Nischal, Kush M Kale, Angelette Mendonca, Keenan Piper, Pious D. Patel, Michael R. Gooch, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris, Pascal M. Jabbour

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) includes endoscopic evacuation and catheter-based evacuation (aspiration or drainage ± thrombolysis), but comparative performance remains uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing MIS approaches. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched (December 2025) for studies in adults undergoing endoscopic or catheter-based MIS for supratentorial sICH. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Prespecified subgroup analyses stratified catheter-based techniques by thrombolysis use. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence was assessed. Twenty-nine studies (8221 patients; 5041 endoscopic; 3180 catheter-based) were included. Endoscopic evacuation was associated with lower mortality (RR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47–0.87; …

Larotrectinib In Trk Fusion Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Updated Trial Data, Steven Waguespack, Marcia Brose, Jessica J Lin, Ray Mcdermott, Mohammed Almubarak, Jessica Bauman, Michela Casanova, Shivaani Kummar, Se-Hoon Lee, Damian Rieke, Do-Youn Oh, Changsong Qi, Natascha Neu, Domnita-Ileana Burcoveanu, Chiara Mussi, Alexander Drilon, David Hong, Maria Cabanillas

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Larotrectinib is a first-in-class, highly selective, central nervous system-active tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor approved for tumour-agnostic use in TRK fusion cancer. It has previously demonstrated rapid and durable disease control and favourable safety in patients with advanced TRK fusion thyroid carcinoma (TC). After an additional 4 years of follow-up with the inclusion of two additional patients, and utilising an independent review committee (IRC) to assess overall response rate (ORR), we report updated pooled analyses from three phase 1-2 larotrectinib clinical trials, focusing only on patients with TRK fusion differentiated TC (DTC). The primary endpoint was the IRC-determined ORR per …

Differences In Response Rates To A Previsit Electronic Portal Questionnaire In Outpatient Clinics: A Retrospective Observational Study Of The Standard Dermatology Outcome Measures, Rene F. Chen, Udeyvir S. Cheema, Beiyu Liu, Cynthia L. Green, Matilda W. Nicholas, Suephy C. Chen

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

A Topology-Aware Extension Of Guttae Area Ratio In Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy, Molly Orlick, Henry Bair

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

No abstract provided.

Clinical Utility Of An Fda-Authorized Artificial Intelligence Imaging Platform In Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis, Arjun Prakash Tambe, Ryan Boente, Gautam George, Fayez Kheir, Omid Tahamtani Omran, Kavitha Selvan

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

Background/Objectives: The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is challenging and frequently delayed. Clinically accessible and minimally invasive diagnostic tools are needed to expedite the diagnosis of ILD while minimizing risk to patients. Fibresolve is an imaging artificial intelligence (AI) tool recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in ILD diagnosis and made available to clinicians. The objective of this study was to describe its utility in clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study of patients across the United States (US) in whom Fibresolve was utilized during routine clinical practice between July 2024 and …

A Word From The Writing Team (August 2026), Pam Walter, Mfa, Laura Deloretta, Phd

A Word From the Writing Team (Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Attrition Of The Midwifery Workforce: Understanding Factors Associated With Leaving The Profession, E. Brie Thumm, Amy H. Goh, Elizabeth G. Phillips, Zachary Giano

College of Health Professions Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To understand why advanced practice midwives (certified nurse-midwives and certified midwives) leave the workforce.

STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: A multi-method, multi-source investigation included secondary analysis of certification data of advanced practice midwives and a cross-sectional online survey with closed- and open-ended items. Advanced practice midwives' active certification data were used to compare self-reported demographic characteristics of advanced practice midwives who reported working in the discipline of midwifery to those who did not (n = 9704). A survey was conducted in 2022 with individuals who allowed their certification to lapse between 2017 and 2021 (n = 303) and individuals who …

Reduced Lower Extremity Strength, Altered Muscle Activation, And Unchanged Kinetics During Single-Leg Squatting In Males With Patellofemoral Pain Versus Pain-Free Males: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Lisa T. Hoglund, Amy H. Amabile, Thomas Alexander Hulcher, Victoria K. Polansky, Erin L. Dopke

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain is frequently a cause of reduced quality of life in physically active males. The cause of patellofemoral pain is theorized to include aberrant biomechanics during weight-bearing activities. Altered biomechanics of females with patellofemoral pain have been reported, but there is a dearth of research for males with this condition. This study aimed to compare males with and without patellofemoral pain for hip and knee joint moments and muscle activation during single-leg-squatting and proximal muscle strength.

METHODS: Twenty males with patellofemoral pain and 20 pain-free males aged 20-39 years performed single-leg-squatting while motion, ground reaction force, and proximal …

Assessing The Feasibility Of A Self-Management Intervention For Individuals With Advanced Prostate Cancer And Comorbid Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Amy L. Shaver, Christina Steinbock-Malfer, William Tester, Patrick Mille, William K. Kelly, Kevin K. Zarrabi, Costas D. Lallas, Mihir M. Shah, Rose Dimarco, Emily Brand, Shawntel Brown, Swapnil Sharma, Nikita Nikita, Cindy Cogen, Scott W. Keith, Grace Lu-Yao

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Many older adults with cancer have at least one comorbidity. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity among patients with prostate cancer (PC) and represents an important consideration in this population. Comorbid T2DM can negatively impact cancer-specific outcomes for patients, suggesting the need for better glycemic management, especially for patients on active cancer treatment. The goal of this modified Diabetes Self-Management Education Services (mDSMES) pilot study was to provide patients with the opportunity to learn methods of diabetes self-management, including how to manage their glucose levels, improve their understanding and utilization of medication to promote improvements in …

Defining The Value Of Elective Lumbar Fusion: A Systematic Review Of Existing Methodologies And Framework For The Operative Value Index, Advith Sarikonda, Anthony Chen, Theo S. Biddle, Danyal A. Quraishi, Preston Carey, Arbaz A. Momin, Matthews Lan, Dwight Mitchell Self, Ashmal S. Kabani, Ahilan Sivaganesan

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite wide variation in the outcomes and costs of lumbar fusion, few studies have integrated these domains together within a single metric to assess "value" (outcomes achieved per dollar spent). In this review, we sought to 1) characterize existing metrics of cost-effectiveness for lumbar fusion, 2) evaluate all applications of time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) in spine surgery, and 3) outline the conceptual foundation for a standardized Operative Value Index (OVI).

METHODS: Two PRISMA-concordant systematic reviews were performed on PubMed and Scopus databases. The first review examined all studies which reported a cost-effectiveness metric for lumbar fusion. The second review …

An Update On The Role Of Multimodal Analgesia In Perioperative Pain Management, Whitney N. Kuwamoto, Grace C. Eddy, Edward R. Mariano, Eric S. Schwenk

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

Multimodal analgesia has become a foundational principle of acute perioperative pain management and enhanced recovery and involves the application of nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and/or interventional techniques. The overall goal of this approach is to apply a combination of different modalities that target discrete points along the pain pathway and thereby avoid the overreliance on opioids and associated side effects. Since our review in 2018, there have been significant developments that have prompted an updated review of multimodal analgesia. In this article, we identify and summarize important trends that influence the current approach to acute perioperative pain management as well as provide …

Small But Mighty: How Can Pediatric Psychologists Harness The Power Of Digital Single-Session Interventions?, Christina Amaro, Alexandra Monzon, Melissa Alderfer, Kimberly Canter, Michael Amylon, Stephanie Fooks-Parker, Jessica Schleider, Susana Patton, Katie Devine

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Single-session interventions (SSIs) are an innovative, scalable approach for addressing the unmet behavioral and mental health needs of pediatric patients and their families. Specifically, digital SSIs, which are self-guided and delivered online, offer a low-cost and accessible approach but are currently underutilized in pediatric psychology.

METHODS: This topical review aims to describe SSIs broadly and the specific need for digital SSIs, explore potential applications within pediatric psychology, outline future directions and considerations, and present two examples of community-engaged digital SSI design.

RESULTS: SSIs evidence small to medium effects across a range of mental health concerns, including distress, anxiety, and …

In Reply To The Letter To The Editor Regarding "The Effect Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists On Reoperation Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy And Fusion", Nicholas C. Bank, Daniel Whittingslow, Sam Duggan, Joshua L. Morningstar, Douglas S. Weinberg

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

No abstract available

Cracking The Code: The Systematic Development Of A Coding Matrix For Qualitative Data Analysis, Greta Gray, Marie-Christine Potvin

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

A systematic approach was used to develop a coding matrix for a qualitative study with the intent to strengthen the credibility and dependability of the findings. Coding matrixes are commonly used in qualitative studies to organize data into meaningful units of text to be interpreted by the researchers. Current methods of coding matrix development can be problematic as they may introduce biases in the results and have limited reproducibility. A novel approach was employed to address this need with the “a priori” development of a coding matrix using a multi-step deductive and inductive process with multi-coders (n=5).  The coders who …

Intermembrane Coupling Between Bcl-Xl And The Ip3 Receptor Supports Local Ca2+ Transfer At Er-Mitochondrial Contacts, Arijita Ghosh, David Weaver, Chi Li, György Hajnóczky

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, engages laterally with Bak/Bax in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to inhibit apoptosis and interacts with the IP₃ receptor Ca²⁺ channels (IP3Rs) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to control Ca²⁺ release. It is unknown if OMM-localized Bcl-xL can also interact in trans with IP3Rs at ER-mitochondrial contacts to form a tethering complex that supports IP3R-mediated local Ca²⁺ transfer from ER to mitochondria. We establish that IP3R-mitochondria Ca²⁺ signal propagation depends on Bcl-xL. By targeting Bcl-xL specifically to different subcellular compartments, we find that OMM-localized Bcl-xL increases the efficacy …

Comment On: Managing Sickle Cell Disease And Related Complications In Pregnancy: Results Of An International Delphi Panel, Deva Sharma, Ilknur Pamuk, Kenneth I. Ataga, Alexandra Benachi, Selim Büyükkurt, Sophie Lanzkron, Hakan Ozdogu, Shivan Pancham, Lydia H. Pecker, Susan E. Robinson, Safak Yilmaz Baran

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Consensus-based recommendations on managing sickle cell disease in pregnancy were recently published in a hematology journal. As this topic is also of great interest to obstetricians and gynecologists, we summarize some of these recommendations, while highlighting the challenges of providing evidence-based medical care to pregnant individuals with sickle cell disease.

"It's Probably Like A Web": Complex Relationships Between Pain And Mental Health Among Bisexual+ Women With Chronic Pain, Aster Harrison, Mansha Mirza

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Bisexual+ women experience higher rates of both mental illness and chronic pain when compared to either straight or lesbian women. Their experiences of the relationship between their mental health and chronic pain remain underexplored. This article presents an intersectional Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of the experiences of six bisexual+ women with chronic pain.

METHODS: Each woman completed two semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed with Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, beginning with in-depth case study analysis of each person's interviews before moving to comparison across cases.

RESULTS: Results indicated a complex web of multidirectional relationships between mental health and chronic pain. These relationships …

Ophthoevidence Report: Comparative Effects Of Prophylactic Strategies For Post-Intravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis: Protocol For A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Maryam Ghadimi, Dena Zeraatkar, João Pedro Lima, Jinhui Ma, Sunir J. Garg, Peter Kaiser, David Steel, Tien Yin Wong, Sobha Sivaprasad, Charles Wykoff, Varun Chaudhary

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Endophthalmitis is a rare but serious complication of intravitreal injections (IVI). To mitigate the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis (PIE), retinal specialists use different strategies, combining various prophylactic measures. However, existing systematic reviews have evaluated the effects of these measures in isolation, which does not consider their concurrent use in practice. A trustworthy systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) by providing a framework for simultaneous comparisons of different prophylactic combinations is essential to guide decision-making.

OBJECTIVES: To present a protocol for addressing the comparative effects of different strategies for the prevention of PIE.

METHODS: We will search Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane …

Under Pressure: Negative Urgency And Disordered Eating In The Context Of Parental Differential Support, Hamide Gozu, Jenna K. Rieder

College of Humanities and Sciences Faculty Papers

Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent in emerging adulthood and may be shaped by family dynamics. This study examined associations among maternal and paternal differential support, weight-shape concerns, and binge eating and compensatory behaviors in emerging adulthood, while testing the moderating role of negative urgency. Participants were 517 emerging adults from across the United States (ages 18-29; M = 22.60, SD = 3.81; 76% female). Participants reported on parental differential support, weight-shape concerns, eating behaviors, and negative urgency. Using moderated-mediation analyses, we found that weight-shape concerns mediated associations between differential support and eating behaviors. Unequal maternal support and paternal favoritism showed …

Metastatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Rare Cause Of Hypopituitarism, Smriti Nair, Taskeen Ahmed, Jessica Watari

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Pituitary metastases from pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) are exceedingly rare but should be considered in patients presenting with arginine vasopressin deficiency and panhypopituitarism in the context of known or suspected metastatic lung cancer. Early recognition and prompt initiation of hormonal replacement therapy are essential to prevent life-threatening endocrine crises and to improve symptom burden. We describe a case of a 43-year-old male who presented with dyspnea, weight loss, and weakness who was found to have metastatic LCNEC involving the liver. Endocrine evaluation revealed central hypothyroidism, central adrenal insufficiency, and later arginine vasopressin deficiency manifested by polyuria and hypernatremia. …

Correction To: A Double‑Edged Sword: Ethical And Psychological Implications Of Apoe Genotype Disclosure Across The Lifespan, Diego Iacono

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

The Biological Response Of Human Np Cells To Soluble Collagen Vi, Jonathan Dalton, Srikanth N. Divi, Yasmine Eichbaum, Panya Luksanapruksa, Mitchell K. Ng, Rachel Huang, Alan S. Hilibrand, Alex R. Vaccaro, Dessislava Z. Markova, Christopher K. Kepler

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Extracellular matrix (ECM) dysregulation plays a significant role in the development of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). The ECM around the chondrocytes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) is unique in that it contains ColVI. While linked to chondrocyte proliferation in cartilage, ColVI's specific role in IVD degeneration is less clear. Our aim was to determine the expression of ColVI in NP cells from degenerative IVDs, along with the effects of soluble ColVI on NP cells. Thus, we compared the expression levels of ColVI in human degenerated IVD samples, along with the effect of soluble ColVI on primary human NP cells. A …