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The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation On The Quality Of Ready-To-Cook Meatballs, Ayşe Karadağ, Gürbüz Güneş Jan 2008

The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation On The Quality Of Ready-To-Cook Meatballs, Ayşe Karadağ, Gürbüz Güneş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of gamma irradiation on microbial quality, lipid oxidation, and sensory characteristics of meatballs were studied, and these effects were compared with the effects on ground beef. Meat samples were irradiated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 kGy, then stored at 4 ± 1 ºC for 14 days. Irradiation resulted in greater microbial inactivation, lower lipid oxidation, and less adverse effects on sensory characteristics in meatballs compared to ground beef. Irradiation of meatballs at 3 kGy resulted in about a 4-log reduction in total microbial count without significantly affecting the quality of the product during the first 3 days …


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

No abstract provided.


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.


Selection Of Chestnuts (Castanea Sativa Mill.) Grown In Nazilli District, Turkey, Engi̇n Ertan, Güner Seferoğlu, Gonca Günver Dalkiliç, F. Ekmel Teki̇ntaş, Sai̇me Seferoğlu, Fahi̇re Babaeren, Mürşi̇de Önal, Zeynel Dalkiliç Jan 2007

Selection Of Chestnuts (Castanea Sativa Mill.) Grown In Nazilli District, Turkey, Engi̇n Ertan, Güner Seferoğlu, Gonca Günver Dalkiliç, F. Ekmel Teki̇ntaş, Sai̇me Seferoğlu, Fahi̇re Babaeren, Mürşi̇de Önal, Zeynel Dalkiliç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The Nazilli region of Aydın province in Turkey leads in terms of number of chestnut trees and quantity of chestnuts produced. This research was conducted to determine chestnut genotypes having high yield and superior fruit quality in the Nazilli region. Overall fruit quality, fruit size, precocity, and suitability for paste processing of chestnut genotypes were investigated. The observed characteristics of genotypes were ranked using certain criteria. Number of fruit samples collected from 2001 to 2003 are 80 (2001), 46 (2002), and 38 (2003). The collected data were evaluated using the weighted-rankit method, with total points determined for 38 genotypes during …


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.


A Combinatorial Approach Of Real Ga & Fuzzy To Atc Enhancement, Hossein Farahmand, Masoud Rashidinejad, Ali Akbar Gharaveici Jan 2007

A Combinatorial Approach Of Real Ga & Fuzzy To Atc Enhancement, Hossein Farahmand, Masoud Rashidinejad, Ali Akbar Gharaveici

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Under new de-regulated environment an open access to transmission system seems to be desired. Transmission system operators (TSOs) are encouraged to use the existing facilities more efficiently. This paper focuses on study of the best location for SVC as a FACTS device to improve voltage profile as well as maximum available transfer capacity (ATC) in order to achieve lower prices. Real genetic algorithm (RGA) is used for optimization technique and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) associated with fuzzy sets to obtain priority vector for each alternative to evaluate the GA fitness. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown through case …


Modelling A Deposition Process In Collective Construction, Robert L. Stewart, R. Andrew Russell, Lindsay Kleeman Jan 2007

Modelling A Deposition Process In Collective Construction, Robert L. Stewart, R. Andrew Russell, Lindsay Kleeman

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

During collective construction tasks, swarm robots coordinate their actions in space and time to build structures that conform to some given design or specification. In this paper, a simulation model and a mathematical model (based on a Markov chain) are introduced to describe the deposition process of a previously detailed robotic swarm system that uses templates and feedback to facilitate construction. The models are based on the behaviour and geometry of real robots and predict the dynamics observed during practical trials as well as explaining the occurrence of different spatial patterns of building blocks. Furthermore, the models provide an insight …


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.


Swarms In Biology And Engineering, Kevin M. Passino Jan 2007

Swarms In Biology And Engineering, Kevin M. Passino

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.


Strontium Isotopic And Micropalaeontological Dating Used To Help Redefine The Stratigraphy Of The Neotectonic Hatay Graben, Southern Turkey, Sarah J. Boulton, Alastair H. F. Robertson, Robert M. Ellam, Ümi̇t Şafak, Ulvi̇ Can Ünlügenç Jan 2007

Strontium Isotopic And Micropalaeontological Dating Used To Help Redefine The Stratigraphy Of The Neotectonic Hatay Graben, Southern Turkey, Sarah J. Boulton, Alastair H. F. Robertson, Robert M. Ellam, Ümi̇t Şafak, Ulvi̇ Can Ünlügenç

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In this paper we report for the Hatay Graben, new micropalaeotology, the first strontium dating and new sedimentology. The previous lack of a modern systematic stratigraphy was problematic for the study of the Hatay region. With the new data combined with the existing literature we evaluate and redefine the lithostratigraphy following international standards. The focus of this paper is on the Neogene cover rocks that record the transition from a regional carbonate shelf environment during Palaeocene to Eocene times, through late-stage continental collision, to recent continental rift tectonics that were initiated in the Middle Miocene and continue to operate to …


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.


Examination Of Flower Bud Initiation And Differentiation In Sweet Cherry And Peach By Scanning Electron Microscope, Hakan Engi̇n, Ali̇ Ünal Jan 2007

Examination Of Flower Bud Initiation And Differentiation In Sweet Cherry And Peach By Scanning Electron Microscope, Hakan Engi̇n, Ali̇ Ünal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Flower initiation and development in 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and Glohaven peach (Prunus persica L.) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The objectives were to determine the timing of floral developmental stages and to achieve a better understanding of the morphological changes during flower formation at the apex of axillary buds of sweet cherry and peach cultivars. In cherry, bud samples were taken every 10 days from June 26 to August 24 and stored in formalin, 70% ethanol, and acetic acid solution (10:50:5, by volume). In peach, bud samples were collected every 10 days from June 28 …


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

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Turkish Journal of Zoology

No abstract provided.


A Critical Review On Electromagnetic Precursors And Earthquake Prediction, Levent Sevgi̇ Jan 2007

A Critical Review On Electromagnetic Precursors And Earthquake Prediction, Levent Sevgi̇

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Seismo-electromagnetic precursory-based earthquake prediction studies are criticized in terms of their scientific content, problem complexity, signal excitation and propagation, causal relations with earthquakes, and public awareness and expectations. One aim is to trigger a new debate on this hot topic in the Electromagnetic Society.


A Variable Gain Pi Controller Used For Speed Control Of A Direct Torque Neuro Fuzzy Controlled Induction Machine Drive, A. Miloudi, Eid A. Al-Radadi, Azeddine Draou Jan 2007

A Variable Gain Pi Controller Used For Speed Control Of A Direct Torque Neuro Fuzzy Controlled Induction Machine Drive, A. Miloudi, Eid A. Al-Radadi, Azeddine Draou

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper presents an original variable gain PI (VGPI) controller for speed control of a direct torque neuro fuzzy controlled (DTNFC) induction motor drive. First, a VGPI speed controller is designed to replace the classical PI controller in a conventional direct torque controlled induction motor drive. Its simulated performances are then compared to those of a classical PI controller. Then, a direct torque neuro fuzzy control (DTNFC) for a voltage source PWM inverter fed induction motor drive is presented. This control scheme uses the stator flux amplitude and the electromagnetic torque errors through an adaptive NF inference system (ANFIS) to …


New Method For Investigation Of Dynamic Parameters Of Thermoelectric Modules, Raşi̇t Ahiska Jan 2007

New Method For Investigation Of Dynamic Parameters Of Thermoelectric Modules, Raşi̇t Ahiska

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Precise calculation of parameters of thermoelectric modules and thermoelectric devices under operating conditions by present methods is very difficult. In this study, a new method is developed to calculate all parameters of thermoelectric modules. This new method makes it possible to determine the dynamic parameters of a real thermoelectric module operated under different working regimes. Measurement of thermoemf created by an operating module is the basis of this new method. An unloaded thermoelectric module, whose dynamic output parameters are necessary in the design of a medical helmet for the cooling of brain, has been investigated using this new method. A …


Data Mining And Costas Arrays, Konstantinos Drakakis Jan 2007

Data Mining And Costas Arrays, Konstantinos Drakakis

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Costas arrays are used in RADAR (and SONAR) engineering to represent frequency-hopping patterns that optimize the RADAR's performance. In this work, using all available Costas arrays up to and including order 26, as well as data mining techniques, we investigate how the Costas property and the balance of signs in the difference triangle of a permutation are related. Our conclusion is that there is sufficient evidence to believe that the mechanism responsible for the formation of Costas arrays changes from low to high orders.


Offline Signature Verification Using Graph Matching, Ibrahim S. I. Abuhaiba Jan 2007

Offline Signature Verification Using Graph Matching, Ibrahim S. I. Abuhaiba

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, we present a simple and effective signature verification method that depends only on the raw binary pixel intensities and avoids using complex sets of features. The method looks at the signature verification problem as a graph matching problem. The method is tested using genuine and forgery signatures produced by five subjects. An equal error rate of 26.7% and 5.6% was achieved for skilled and random forgeries, respectively. A positive property of our algorithm is that the false acceptance rate of random forgeries vanishes at the point of equal false rejection and skilled forgery false acceptance rates. Keeping …


Umts-Hsdpa In High Altitude Platforms (Haps) Communications, Bazil Taha Ahmed, Miguel Calvo Ramon, Leandro De Haro-Ariet Jan 2007

Umts-Hsdpa In High Altitude Platforms (Haps) Communications, Bazil Taha Ahmed, Miguel Calvo Ramon, Leandro De Haro-Ariet

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, the performance of HAPs (High Altitudes Platforms) UMTS HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is studied for different HAPs height h, different cells radius R and two directions (0° and 30°) within the cell. The network under study is assumed to have 61 ground cells. It is noticed that, for urban zone users, the effective range is lower than the effective range for users in rural zones for a given modulation scheme. Also it is noticed that in rural zone, the HSDPA can support higher modulation schemes. It is noticed that, when 80% of the base station …


Cover And Contents Jan 2007

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.


A Review Of Studies In Swarm Robotics, Levent Bayindir, Erol Şahi̇n Jan 2007

A Review Of Studies In Swarm Robotics, Levent Bayindir, Erol Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Swarm robotics is a new approach to the coordination of large numbers of relatively simple robots. The approach takes its inspiration from the system-level functioning of social insects which demonstrate three desired characteristics for multi-robot systems: robustness, flexibility and scalability. In this paper we have presented a preliminary taxonomy for swarm robotics and classified existing studies into this taxonomy after investigating the existing surveys related to swarm robotics literature. Our parent taxonomic units are modeling, behavior design, communication, analytical studies and problems. We are classifying existing studies into these main axes. Since existing reviews do not have enough number of …


Aggregation, Foraging, And Formation Control Of Swarms With Non-Holonomic Agents Using Potential Functions And Sliding Mode Techniques, Veysel Gazi̇, Bariş Fi̇dan, Y. Si̇nan Hanay, İlter Köksal Jan 2007

Aggregation, Foraging, And Formation Control Of Swarms With Non-Holonomic Agents Using Potential Functions And Sliding Mode Techniques, Veysel Gazi̇, Bariş Fi̇dan, Y. Si̇nan Hanay, İlter Köksal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this article we consider the aggregation, foraging, and formation control of swarms whose agents are moving in 2-dimensions with non-holonomic unicycle agent dynamics. We approach these problems using artificial potentials and sliding mode control. The main contribution is extension of the recent results (mainly for aggregation) in the literature based on a similar approach for simple integrator agent dynamics models to a significantly more realistic and more difficult setting with non-holonomic unicycle agent dynamics models. In particular, we design continuous-time control schemes via a constructive analysis based on artificial potential functions and sliding mode control techniques. The effectiveness of …


Using Angle Of Arrival (Bearing) Information For Localization In Robot Networks, Tolga Eren Jan 2007

Using Angle Of Arrival (Bearing) Information For Localization In Robot Networks, Tolga Eren

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, we consider using angle of arrival information (bearing) for localization in robot networks. The essential property we require in this paper is that a node can infer heading information from its neighbors. We address the uniqueness of network localization solutions by the theory of globally rigid graphs. We show that while the parallel rigidity problem for formations with bearings is isomorphic to the distance case, the global rigidity of the formation is simpler (in fact identical to the simpler rigidity case) for a network with bearings, compared to formations with distances. We provide the conditions of localization …


Aggregation In Swarm Robotic Systems: Evolution And Probabilistic Control, Onur Soysal, Erki̇n Bahçeci̇, Erol Şahi̇n Jan 2007

Aggregation In Swarm Robotic Systems: Evolution And Probabilistic Control, Onur Soysal, Erki̇n Bahçeci̇, Erol Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this study we investigate two approachees for aggregation behavior in swarm robotics systems: Evolutionary methods and probabilistic control. In first part, aggregation behavior is chosen as a case, where performance and scalability of aggregation behaviors of perceptron controllers that are evolved for a simulated swarm robotic system are systematically studied with different parameter settings. Using a cluster of computers to run simulations in parallel, four experiments are conducted varying some of the parameters. Rules of thumb are derived, which can be of guidance to the use of evolutionary methods to generate other swarm robotic behaviors as well. In the …


Swarm Robot Systems Based On The Evolution Of Personality Traits, Sidney Nascimento Givigi Jr. Jan 2007

Swarm Robot Systems Based On The Evolution Of Personality Traits, Sidney Nascimento Givigi Jr.

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Game theory may be very useful in modeling and analyzing swarms of robots. Using game theory in conjunction with traits of personalities, we achieve intelligent swarm robots. Traits of personality are characteristics of each robot that define the robots' behaviours. The environment is represented as a game and due to the evolution of the traits through a learning process, we show how the robots may react intelligently to changes in the environment. A proof of convergence for the proposed algorithm is offered. The process of selection of traits is discussed and the potential of the modeling is demonstrated in several …


Design And Implementation Of An Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol For Mobile Robots, Carlos Agüero, Jose M. Canas, Miguel Ortu˜No, Vicente Matellan Jan 2007

Design And Implementation Of An Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol For Mobile Robots, Carlos Agüero, Jose M. Canas, Miguel Ortu˜No, Vicente Matellan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Mobile robots need to be able to communicate among themselves, as well as with hosts participating in the task that they are all involved in. Wired networks are obviously not suitable for mobile robots. Current wireless networks based on a fixed infrastructure (GSM, WiFi, etc.) to route packets may not be suitable because this infrastructure does not cover every place and the requirements of its resources. The best choice for mobile robots are Ad-Hoc networks, which are wireless and do not need a fixed infrastructure. This article describes PERA, a complete communications library including link, net, and transport layers for …