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The Use Of Artificial Neural Networks For Forecasting The Monthly Mean Soil Temperatures In Adana, Turkey, Mehmet Bi̇lgi̇li̇
The Use Of Artificial Neural Networks For Forecasting The Monthly Mean Soil Temperatures In Adana, Turkey, Mehmet Bi̇lgi̇li̇
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The objective of this paper was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model in order to predict monthly mean soil temperature for the present month by using various previous monthly mean meteorological variables. For this purpose, the measured soil temperature and other meteorological data between the years of 2000 and 2007 at Adana meteorological station were used. The soil temperatures were measured at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm below the ground level by the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS). A 3-layer feed-forward artificial neural network structure was constructed and a back-propagation algorithm was used for …
Soil Texture Fractions And Fractal Dimension Of Particle Size Distribution As Predictors Of Interrill Erodibility, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Abbas Ahmadi, Hassan Rouhipour, Hossein Asadi, Mehdi Irannajad
Soil Texture Fractions And Fractal Dimension Of Particle Size Distribution As Predictors Of Interrill Erodibility, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Abbas Ahmadi, Hassan Rouhipour, Hossein Asadi, Mehdi Irannajad
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Choosing a particular textural fraction as an erodibility predictor is often confusing because various fractions of soil particles have been introduced as erodibility index by many researchers. Recently, advances in fractal theory have introduced a scaling parameter for characterizing soil fragments. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the applicability of fractal dimension of particle size distribution (PSD) for estimation of interrill erodibility and (ii) to study the relationship between interrill erodibility and soil texture components. Samples from 36 soil series with contrasting characters were collected from northwest Iran. The sand fractions were obtained by sieving, while silt …
Determination Of Protein And Gluten Quality-Related Parameters Of Wheat Flour Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), Mehmet Başlar, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay
Determination Of Protein And Gluten Quality-Related Parameters Of Wheat Flour Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs), Mehmet Başlar, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Wet chemistry analyses done for quality control purposes in wheat and flour processing are time-consuming. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative technology to conventional methods allows us to obtain results in a few seconds. In this study, NIRS was used in the development of calibration models for protein, wet and dry gluten contents and Zeleny sedimentation of flours from the grinding of 120 varieties of bread wheat collected from different regions of Turkey. Therefore, spectra in the range of 1100 to 2500 nm of the flours were acquired by scanning with the NIRSystems 6500 monochromator. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and …
Production Of Cellulase By Pleurotus Ostreatus And Pleurotus Sajor-Caju In Solid State Fermentation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Md Ibrahim Khalil, Mia Mahmudul Hoque, Mafroz Ahmed Basunia, Nadia Alam, Md Asaduzzaman Khan
Production Of Cellulase By Pleurotus Ostreatus And Pleurotus Sajor-Caju In Solid State Fermentation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Md Ibrahim Khalil, Mia Mahmudul Hoque, Mafroz Ahmed Basunia, Nadia Alam, Md Asaduzzaman Khan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Bioconversion of cellulosic components into fermentable sugars has currently been accomplished with the help of the microbial enzyme, cellulase. In this study, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fr.) Kummer and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer were tested for cellulase production by solid state fermentation (SSF) using saw dust, sugarcane bagasse, and paddy straw as substrate. To enhance production, the substrates were pretreated with 1% and 4% NaOH solutions. Supernatants of extracted enzyme solutions were used to estimate reducing sugar and soluble protein, as well as enzyme activities. Maximum production of reducing sugar and soluble protein were recorded in 12 and 10 day …
Stability Properties Of Certain Durum Wheat Genotypes For Major Quality Characteristics, Mehmet Ali̇ Saki̇n, Oral Düzdemi̇r, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Ferhat Yüksel
Stability Properties Of Certain Durum Wheat Genotypes For Major Quality Characteristics, Mehmet Ali̇ Saki̇n, Oral Düzdemi̇r, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Ferhat Yüksel
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Many ecological regions of Turkey are suitable for the production of durum wheat, and therefore the yield and quality of this wheat should be improved. In this study, stability properties associated with the pasta quality of 25 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes grown in 3 different locations (Tokat-Kazova, Diyarbakır, and Sivas-Ulaş) for 2 years (2005-2006, 2006-2007) were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes were composed of 12 registered varieties and 13 advanced experimental lines. Field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Protein content, gluten index, sedimentation and specific sedimentation volumes, yellow pigment content, and lipoxygenase …
Some Characteristics Of The Stagnation Stage In The Development Of Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) Trees In Selection Forests In Serbia, Damjan Pantic, Stanisa Bankovic, Milan Medarevic, Snezana Obradovic
Some Characteristics Of The Stagnation Stage In The Development Of Silver Fir (Abies Alba Mill.) Trees In Selection Forests In Serbia, Damjan Pantic, Stanisa Bankovic, Milan Medarevic, Snezana Obradovic
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
A period of stagnation in silver fir development has been recorded in all felled trees in selection forests of Serbia (233 trees on Mt. Goc and 451 trees on Mt. Tara). In the selection forests on Mt. Goc, the stagnation stage ranges between 40 and 330 years, but on Mt. Tara, it ranges from 15 to 185 years. It was concluded that the duration was caused not by the ecological and productivity potential (site class) of the soil for fir development, but primarily by the growth space, resulting from the application of single-tree selection or group selection systems. It was …
Molecular Cloning And Functional Characterization Of A Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene From Halophyte Spartina Anglica, Tao Lan, Yuanlin Duan, Bin Wang, Yuanchang Zhou, Weiren Wu
Molecular Cloning And Functional Characterization Of A Na+/H+ Antiporter Gene From Halophyte Spartina Anglica, Tao Lan, Yuanlin Duan, Bin Wang, Yuanchang Zhou, Weiren Wu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Na^+/H^+ antiporters have been suggested to play important roles in salt tolerance in plants. English cordgrass (Spartina anglica) is a gramineous halophyte with very strong salt tolerance. It possesses salt glands in its stems and leaves, through which excess salt can be excreted. In this study, a vacuolar Na^+/H^+ antiporter homologous gene (temporarily named SaNHX1) was isolated from Spartina anglica by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Southern blot analysis suggested that there might be 2 or 3 copies of the vacuolar Na^+/H^+ antiporter genes in the English cordgrass genome. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of …
Controlled Growth Of Two-Dimensional Copper Nanoplates In Graphite Gallery, Xiaobei Bin, Jiazang Chen, Hong Cao
Controlled Growth Of Two-Dimensional Copper Nanoplates In Graphite Gallery, Xiaobei Bin, Jiazang Chen, Hong Cao
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
Copper nanoplates embedded in a graphite gallery were obtained by in situ reduction of stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 CuCl_2-graphite intercalation compound precursors. The characterization results indicated that the morphology of the copper species was that of a 2-dimensional or quasi-2-dimensional nanoplate in the graphite gallery. Interaction between the metallic nanoplates and graphene sheet was also detected. The hexagonal graphene network restricted the crystallization orientation of the copper nanoparticles, and, at the same time, the finite space between the graphene sheets prevented the increase of the thickness. This method would provide a convenient route to synthesize or assemble …
Assimilable Organic Carbon Generation From Algogenic Organic Matter In Drinking Water, Ji-Hoon Kim, Young-Ju Kim, Tahir Imran Qureshi
Assimilable Organic Carbon Generation From Algogenic Organic Matter In Drinking Water, Ji-Hoon Kim, Young-Ju Kim, Tahir Imran Qureshi
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
A study of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) derived from algogenic organic matter in different drinking water resources was conducted. Seasonal changes in the concentration of AOC at Kamafusa Dam were dependent on the algal cell numbers. Variations in AOC concentrations were found to be more reliant on the AOC-P17 component than the AOC-NOX component. The algal culture experiment showed that extracellular organic matter (EOM) released during the growth of Phormidium tenue in M-11 culture medium led to a significant increase in AOC concentration; however, no significant variations of AOC concentration were observed in CT culture medium containing high amounts of …
Synthesis And Properties Of New Optically Active And Organosoluble Poly(Ester-Imide)S Containing L-Valine Moieties In The Main Chain By Direct Polycondensation Reaction, Khalil Faghihi, Meisam Shabanian, Mohsen Hajibeygi
Synthesis And Properties Of New Optically Active And Organosoluble Poly(Ester-Imide)S Containing L-Valine Moieties In The Main Chain By Direct Polycondensation Reaction, Khalil Faghihi, Meisam Shabanian, Mohsen Hajibeygi
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
New optically active poly(ester-imide)s (PEIs) containing bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic diimide in the main chain were prepared by the reaction of N,N'-(bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7- ene-2,3,5,6-tetra carboxylic)-bis-L-valine 4 as a diacid monomer with various aromatic diols 5a-g in a system of tosyl chloride (TsCl), pyridine (Py), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The reactions with TsCl were significantly promoted by controlling alcoholysis with diols, in the presence of catalytic amounts of DMF, to give a series of optically active poly(ester-imide)s. The resulting new polymers were obtained in good yields and inherent viscosities, ranging between 0.36 and 0.62 dL g^{-1}, and were characterized with FT-IR and ^1H-NMR spectroscopy, including specific …
Molecular Modeling And Antimycobacterial Studies Of Mannich Bases: 5-Hydroxy-2-Methyl-4h-Pyran-4-Ones, Barkin Berk, Demet Us, Si̇nem Öktem, Zühtü Tanil Kocagöz, Berrak Çağlayan, Işil Aksan Kurnaz, Di̇lek Demi̇r Erol
Molecular Modeling And Antimycobacterial Studies Of Mannich Bases: 5-Hydroxy-2-Methyl-4h-Pyran-4-Ones, Barkin Berk, Demet Us, Si̇nem Öktem, Zühtü Tanil Kocagöz, Berrak Çağlayan, Işil Aksan Kurnaz, Di̇lek Demi̇r Erol
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
The World Health Organization lists tuberculosis among the top 3 leading causes of death from a single infectious agent, and reported cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are on the rise. In an attempt to improve MDR-TB drug-directed therapy, we synthesized 11 4-substituted piperazine derivatives of 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one pharmacophore by reacting 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one with suitable piperazine derivatives under Mannich reaction conditions. Inhibitory effects of the 11 compounds on Escherichia coli DNA gyrase were evaluated via DNA gyrase supercoiling assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the 11 compounds and 41 compounds from our previous studies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV were assessed, in vitro, …
Strong Optical Injection Locked Semiconductor Laser For High Bit Rate Chaotic Optical Communications, Muzahim Ibrahim Azawe, Ragaad Habib Saied
Strong Optical Injection Locked Semiconductor Laser For High Bit Rate Chaotic Optical Communications, Muzahim Ibrahim Azawe, Ragaad Habib Saied
Turkish Journal of Physics
We present in this article how strong optical injection can produce chaotic dynamics in the output of the semiconductor laser that is preferable for perfect encrypted optical communication networks. Significant increase in the relaxation resonance frequency was found implying higher degree of enhancement in modulation bandwidth. Numerical investigations under the condition of strong optical injection locking of the slave laser shows that instabilities in the photon number was observed and had settled down after a time of in the order of carrier lifetime. The model presented can be used to extract the characteristic parameters of the injection locking for detuning …
Metals And Metal Oxides Particles Produced By Pulsed Laser Ablation Under High Vacuum, Khurram Siraj, Yasir Sohail, Aasma Tabassum
Metals And Metal Oxides Particles Produced By Pulsed Laser Ablation Under High Vacuum, Khurram Siraj, Yasir Sohail, Aasma Tabassum
Turkish Journal of Physics
A pulsed KrF Excimer laser (248 nm, 15 mJ) was utilized to synthesize different particles on (111) Si substrate under vacuum \sim 10^{-6} torr using Aluminum (Al), Platinum (Pt), Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), Cadmium Oxide (CdO), and Yttrium Oxide (Y_2O_3) targets. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study particle size distribution on silicon substrate. The size of individual metal particles was found to be ranging from 71 nm to 2 \mu m whereas metal oxides particles were found in the range of 71 nm to 1.1 \mu m. The particles below 100 nm are formed by gas phase condensation …
Hydromagnetic Thermal Boundary Layer Flow Of A Perfectly Conducting Fluid, Kalidas Das
Hydromagnetic Thermal Boundary Layer Flow Of A Perfectly Conducting Fluid, Kalidas Das
Turkish Journal of Physics
Using successive approximation technique, an analysis of unsteady hydromagnetic boundary layer flow with thermal relaxation of perfectly conducting, viscous incompressible fluid past a semi-infinite porous plate in presence of heat absorbing sinks is carried out. The expression for velocity and temperature fields, local skin friction coefficient, local heat transfer coefficient etc have been derived when the free stream velocity exponentially depends on time. The effects of different parameters entering into the problem are shown graphically and discussed numerically.
Determination Of The Effect Of Biodiesel Use On Power Take-Off Performance Characteristics Of An Agricultural Tractor In A Test Laboratory, Ali̇ Aybek, Emrullah Başer, Selçuk Arslan, Mustafa Üçgül
Determination Of The Effect Of Biodiesel Use On Power Take-Off Performance Characteristics Of An Agricultural Tractor In A Test Laboratory, Ali̇ Aybek, Emrullah Başer, Selçuk Arslan, Mustafa Üçgül
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Tractor performance tests conducted under laboratory test conditions are important because these tests determine the performance characteristics used to compare strengths and weaknesses of tractors. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diesel fuel (B0) and 3 different biodiesel blends made of canola oil (B10, B20, B30) on tractor power take-off (PTO) performance characteristics. Performance characteristics studied were PTO power, engine torque, engine fuel consumption, and specific fuel consumption on an agricultural tractor (Massey Ferguson 3056 2WD) at the test laboratory of the Directorate of Agricultural Machinery Test Center (TAMTEST), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, …
Effects Of Nitrogen And Harvesting Time On Chemical Composition Of Biomass Of Sudan Grass, Fodder Sorghum, And Their Hybrid, Dorde Glamoclija, Snezana Jankovic, Sveto Rakic, Radojka Maletic, Jela Ikanovic, Zeljko Lakic
Effects Of Nitrogen And Harvesting Time On Chemical Composition Of Biomass Of Sudan Grass, Fodder Sorghum, And Their Hybrid, Dorde Glamoclija, Snezana Jankovic, Sveto Rakic, Radojka Maletic, Jela Ikanovic, Zeljko Lakic
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The subject of this study is 2-year variability research (2007 and 2008) of the chemical composition of naturally dried biomass samples of 3 different sorghum species, which are widely used in the southeast Balkans. Samples of Sudan grass Zora, fodder sorghum NS-Dzin, and their hybrid Siloking were examined based on the quantity of used nitrogen and the harvest time. Plants were grown in the experimental field of Radmilovac (property of the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade) in a randomized block, split-split plot design with 3 replications for 2 years. Naturally dried biomass with the highest amount of total proteins was …
The Investigation Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Thyme And Oregano Essential Oils, Bülent Çeti̇n, Songül Çakmakçi, Ramazan Çakmakçi
The Investigation Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Thyme And Oregano Essential Oils, Bülent Çeti̇n, Songül Çakmakçi, Ramazan Çakmakçi
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The aim of this study is to investigate in-vitro antimicrobial effects of the essential oils from oregano (Origanum acutidens and Origanum rotundifolium) and thyme (Thymus sipyleus subsp. sipyleus var. rosulans). The chemical composition and antimicrobial attributes of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of the plants, of which there were 3 Lamiaceae species, have been studied. A total of 43 microorganisms, including 26 bacteria, 14 fungi, and 3 yeasts species, have been studied by using disc-diffusion (DD) and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) methods. Mean inhibition zones and MIC values of bacterial strains varied from 8 and 72 mm …
Utilization Of Boron Compounds As Synergists With Ammonium Polyphosphate For Flame Retardant Wood-Polymer Composites, Ramazan Kurt, Fati̇h Mengeloğlu
Utilization Of Boron Compounds As Synergists With Ammonium Polyphosphate For Flame Retardant Wood-Polymer Composites, Ramazan Kurt, Fati̇h Mengeloğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The investigation consisted of utilizing boron compounds (BCs) as a synergist with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in manufacturing flame retardant wood-polymer composites (WPCs). Flame retardants (FRs) at various ratios (APP, boric acid (BA), borax (BX), zinc borate and BA/BX mixtures) were used to determine the physical, mechanical, and burning rate properties of WPCs manufactured from wood flour, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride polypropylene. The results showed that the addition of FRs reduced all mechanical properties of WPCs except for impact strength. However, this reduction was lower for samples having BCs in FRs formulation. Similar burning rate results were achieved in WPCs having …
Time-Dependent Changes In Distribution Patterns Of Soil Bulk Density And Penetration Resistance In A Rangeland Under Overgrazing, Ekrem Lütfi̇ Aksakal, Taşkin Öztaş, Müdahi̇r Özgül
Time-Dependent Changes In Distribution Patterns Of Soil Bulk Density And Penetration Resistance In A Rangeland Under Overgrazing, Ekrem Lütfi̇ Aksakal, Taşkin Öztaş, Müdahi̇r Özgül
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
High soil bulk density and penetration resistance as an indication of soil compaction affect soil infiltration and runoff. Overgrazed rangelands are under severe erosion risk because of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to determine changes in soil bulk density and penetration resistance in a high altitude rangeland within a 3-month grazing period. A 5-ha rangeland (200 × 250 m) was transected with intervals of 25 × 5 m, and soil penetration resistance was measured at 459 points in the 20-cm surface soil layer on 3 different dates (15 July, 15 August, and 15 September). At each intersection …
Effect Of Mycorrhizal Inoculation On Growth, Nitrogen Fixation, And Nutrient Uptake In Cicer Arietinum (L.) Under Salt Stress, Neera Garg, Shikha Chandel
Effect Of Mycorrhizal Inoculation On Growth, Nitrogen Fixation, And Nutrient Uptake In Cicer Arietinum (L.) Under Salt Stress, Neera Garg, Shikha Chandel
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Most legumes in natural conditions form a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM fungi in saline soils have been reported to improve salinity tolerance and growth in plants. In the present study, interaction between mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, and salinity stress in relation to plant growth, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient accumulation was evaluated in Cicer arietinum (L.) (chickpea). Two genotypes of chickpea (Pusa-329, salt tolerant, and Pusa-240, salt sensitive) were compared under different levels of salinity with and without mycorrhizal inoculations. Salt stress resulted in a noticeable decline in shoot and root dry matter accumulation, resulting in a decline …
Interactions Between Rural Migration And Land Use Change In The Forest Villages In The Gökçay Watershed, Ceyhun Göl, Sezgi̇n Özden, Hüseyi̇n Yilmaz
Interactions Between Rural Migration And Land Use Change In The Forest Villages In The Gökçay Watershed, Ceyhun Göl, Sezgi̇n Özden, Hüseyi̇n Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was carried out to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of land use/land cover change (from 1955 to 2008) and migration movement (from 1935 to 2007) in the Gökçay River Watershed. To assess this period, the necessary data were obtained from forest stand maps (1955 and 2008) and evaluated by using Geographic Information Systems. Maps of the study area dated 1955 and 2008 have been analyzed, and land use type and change on the land pattern have been investigated. The data reveal that the percentage of forest area, which was 47% in 1955, rose to 50% in 2008; …
Effect Of Different Irrigation Water Salinities On Some Yield And Quality Components Of Two Field-Grown Cucurbit Species, Li Zong, Anna Tedeschi, Xian Xue, Tao Wang, Massimo Menenti, Cuihua Huang
Effect Of Different Irrigation Water Salinities On Some Yield And Quality Components Of Two Field-Grown Cucurbit Species, Li Zong, Anna Tedeschi, Xian Xue, Tao Wang, Massimo Menenti, Cuihua Huang
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Using irrigation water with a salinity level of 0.8, 2, and 5 g L^{-1}, the impact of saline water irrigation on the yield and quality of 2 Chinese Cucurbit species, melon (Cucumis melo cv. Huanghe) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus. convar megulaspemus) were studied in Minqin Oasis, northwestern China. Our results show that melon yields decreased as water salinity increased, just as concentrations of glutamic acid content rose, although the concentration of most amino acids did not differ significantly. In contrast, watermelon yields decreased significantly as water salinity rose, and fruit number, fruit firmness, fruit crude protein, and essential amino acid …
Effect Of Mini-Plug Container Depth On Root And Shoot Growth Of Four Forest Tree Species During Early Developmental Stages, Panagiota Kostopoulou, Kalliopi Radoglou, Olympia Dini-Papanastasi, Christina Adamidou
Effect Of Mini-Plug Container Depth On Root And Shoot Growth Of Four Forest Tree Species During Early Developmental Stages, Panagiota Kostopoulou, Kalliopi Radoglou, Olympia Dini-Papanastasi, Christina Adamidou
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The container type used in nursery culture is among the most important determinants of containerised seedling quality. The objective of the present study was to analyse root and shoot growth, root growth potential, and photochemical efficiency of seedlings of Picea abies, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus brutia, and Pinus nigra cultivated for 5 weeks in mini-plugs of 2 different cavity depths (37 and 60 mm). The results showed that precultivation of P. nigra and, to a lesser extent, of R. pseudoacacia in deeper mini-plug containers improved seedling morphological attributes and quality, but shallow containers produced better quality seedlings of P. abies. In …