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Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
No abstract provided.
Using T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding For Visualization And Segmentation Of 3d Point Clouds Of Plants, Heli̇n Dutağaci
Using T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding For Visualization And Segmentation Of 3d Point Clouds Of Plants, Heli̇n Dutağaci
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this work, the use of t-SNE is proposed to embed 3D point clouds of plants into 2D space for plant characterization. It is demonstrated that t-SNE operates as a practical tool to flatten and visualize a complete 3D plant model in 2D space. The perplexity parameter of t-SNE allows 2D rendering of plant structures at various organizational levels. Aside from the promise of serving as a visualization tool for plant scientists, t-SNE also provides a gateway for processing 3D point clouds of plants using their embedded counterparts in 2D. In this paper, simple methods were proposed to perform semantic …
Dynamic Deep Neural Network Inference Via Adaptive Channel Skipping, Meixia Zou, Xiuwen Li, Jinzheng Fang, Hong Wen, Weiwei Fang
Dynamic Deep Neural Network Inference Via Adaptive Channel Skipping, Meixia Zou, Xiuwen Li, Jinzheng Fang, Hong Wen, Weiwei Fang
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Deep neural networks have recently made remarkable achievements in computer vision applications. However, the high computational requirements needed to achieve accurate inference results can be a significant barrier to deploying DNNs on resource-constrained computing devices, such as those found in the Internet-of-things. In this work, we propose a fresh approach called adaptive channel skipping (ACS) that prioritizes the identification of the most suitable channels for skipping and implements an efficient skipping mechanism during inference. We begin with the development of a new gating network model, ACS-GN, which employs fine-grained channel-wise skipping to enable input-dependent inference and achieve a desirable balance …
Joint Intent Detection And Slot Filling For Turkish Natural Language Understanding, Osman Büyük
Joint Intent Detection And Slot Filling For Turkish Natural Language Understanding, Osman Büyük
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Intent detection and slot filling are two crucial subtasks of a text-based goal-oriented dialogue system. In a goal-oriented dialogue system, users interact with the system to complete a goal (or to fulfill their intent) and provide the necessary information (slot values) to achieve that goal. Therefore, a user?s text input includes information about the user?s intent and contains required slot values. Recently, joint models that simultaneously detect the intent and extract the slots are proposed to benefit from the interaction between the two tasks. The proposed methods are usually tested using benchmark data sets in English such as ATIS and …
Transforming Temporal-Dynamic Graphs Into Time-Series Data For Solving Event Detection Problems, Kutay Taşci, Fuat Akal
Transforming Temporal-Dynamic Graphs Into Time-Series Data For Solving Event Detection Problems, Kutay Taşci, Fuat Akal
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Event detection on temporal-dynamic graphs aims at detecting significant events based on deviations from the normal behavior of the graphs. With the widespread use of social media, many real-world events manifest as social media interactions, making them suitable for modeling as temporal-dynamic graphs. This paper presents a workflow for event detection on temporal-dynamic graphs using graph representation learning. Our workflow leverages generated embeddings of a temporal-dynamic graph to reframe the problem as an unsupervised time-series anomaly detection task. We evaluated our workflow on four distinct real-world social media datasets and compared our results with the related work. The results show …
Recognizing Handwritten Digits Using Spiking Neural Networks With Learning Algorithms Based On Sliding Mode Control Theory, Yeşi̇m Öni̇z, Mehmet Ayyildiz
Recognizing Handwritten Digits Using Spiking Neural Networks With Learning Algorithms Based On Sliding Mode Control Theory, Yeşi̇m Öni̇z, Mehmet Ayyildiz
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper, a spiking neural network (SNN) has been proposed for recognizing the digits written on the LCD screen of an experimental setup. The convergence of the learning algorithm has been ensured by using sliding mode control (SMC) theory and the Lyapunov stability method for the adaptation of the network parameters. The spike response model (SRM) has been utilized in the design of the SNN. The performance of the proposed learning scheme has been evaluated both on the experimental data and on the MNIST dataset. The simulated and experimental results of the SNN structure have been compared with the …
A Machine Learning Approach For Dyslexia Detection Using Turkish Audio Records, Tuğberk Taş, Muhammed Abdullah Bülbül, Abas Haşi̇moğlu, Yavuz Meral, Yasi̇n Çalişkan, Gunay Budagova, Mücahi̇d Kutlu
A Machine Learning Approach For Dyslexia Detection Using Turkish Audio Records, Tuğberk Taş, Muhammed Abdullah Bülbül, Abas Haşi̇moğlu, Yavuz Meral, Yasi̇n Çalişkan, Gunay Budagova, Mücahi̇d Kutlu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Dyslexia is a learning disorder, characterized by impairment in the ability to read, spell, and decode letters. It is vital to detect dyslexia in earlier stages to reduce its effects. However, diagnosing dyslexia is a time-consuming and costly process. In this paper, we propose a machine-learning model that predicts whether a Turkish-speaking child has dyslexia using his/her audio records. Therefore, our model can be easily used by smart phones and work as a warning system such that children who are likely to be dyslexic according to our model can seek an examination by experts. In order to train and evaluate, …
Direct Pore-Based Identification For Fingerprint Matching Process, Vedat Delican, Behçet Uğur Töreyi̇n, Ege Çeti̇n, Ayli̇n Yalçin Saribey
Direct Pore-Based Identification For Fingerprint Matching Process, Vedat Delican, Behçet Uğur Töreyi̇n, Ege Çeti̇n, Ayli̇n Yalçin Saribey
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Fingerprints are one of the most important scientific proof instruments in solving forensic cases. Identification in fingerprints consists of three levels based on the flow direction of the papillary lines at the first level, the minutiae points at the second level, and the pores at the third level. The inadequacy of existing imaging systems in detecting fingerprints and the lack of pore details at the desired level limit the widespread use of third-level identification. The fact that fingerprints with images based on pores in the unsolved database are not subjected to any evaluation criteria and remain in the database reveals …
Zircon Grain Shape Parameters From Ignimbrites Of The Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (Cavp) With Implications For Petrogenetic Processes, Lütfi̇ye Akin
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
Zircon morphology parameters reflect the physicochemical conditions during crystallization and can be modified by different processes. Zircon populations from Miocene-Pliocene ignimbrites of the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (CAVP) were studied to reveal relations between the external morphology of zircons and petrogenetic processes. Descriptive grain shape parameters (e.g., minor and major axes, area, perimeter, aspect ratio, roundness, and circularity) were automatically measured from transmitted light images of zircons by a graphical application called AnalyZr. Principal component and cluster analysis were used to determine potential shape descriptors (perimeter, major and minor axis length, and maximum and minimum Feret) for characterizing grains from …
Rank Of Kozlu Formation Coals In The Zonguldak Basin: Implications For Coalbed Gas, Mehmet Namik Yalçin, Cemi̇l Seyi̇s, Sedat İnan
Rank Of Kozlu Formation Coals In The Zonguldak Basin: Implications For Coalbed Gas, Mehmet Namik Yalçin, Cemi̇l Seyi̇s, Sedat İnan
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences
Carboniferous bituminous coals of the Zonguldak Basin have been mined for over a century. Due to underground mining activity, there have been several fatal incidents related to gas explosions. The gas content of the coals varies greatly in the basin mainly based on coal maturity (rank), increasing with increasing coal depth. In this study, we report a map for coal depth and coal rank in the Kozlu-Üzülmez-Karadon districts of Zonguldak Basin with hope the that it would aid coal gas exploration/exploitation and also coal gas degassing efforts for safer underground mining production in the Zonguldak Basin.
Stepwise Dynamic Nearest Neighbor (Sdnn): A New Algorithm For Classification, Deni̇z Karabaş, Derya Bi̇rant, Peli̇n Yildirim Taşer
Stepwise Dynamic Nearest Neighbor (Sdnn): A New Algorithm For Classification, Deni̇z Karabaş, Derya Bi̇rant, Peli̇n Yildirim Taşer
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Although the standard k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm has been used widely for classification in many different fields, it suffers from various limitations that abate its classification ability, such as being influenced by the distribution of instances, ignoring distances between the test instance and its neighbors during classification, and building a single/weak learner. This paper proposes a novel algorithm, called stepwise dynamic nearest neighbor (SDNN), which can effectively handle these problems. Instead of using a fixed parameter k like KNN, it uses a dynamic neighborhood strategy according to the data distribution and implements a new voting mechanism, called stepwise voting. Experimental …
Cognitive Load Detection Using Ci-Ssa For Eeg Signal Decomposition And Nature-Inspired Feature Selection, Jammisetty Yedukondalu, Lakhan Dev Sharma
Cognitive Load Detection Using Ci-Ssa For Eeg Signal Decomposition And Nature-Inspired Feature Selection, Jammisetty Yedukondalu, Lakhan Dev Sharma
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Cognitive load detection is eminent during the mental assignment of neural activity because it indicates how the brain reacts to stimuli. The level of cognitive load experienced during mental arithmetic tasks can be determined using an electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG data were collected from publicly available datasets, namely, mental arithmetic task (MAT) and simultaneous task workload (STEW). The first phase comprises decomposing the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using circulant singular spectrum analysis (Ci-SSA). In the second phase, entropy-based features were evaluated using IMFs. After that, the extracted features were fed to nature-inspired feature selection algorithms: genetic …
On The Eigenstructure Of The $Q$-Durrmeyer Operators, Övgü Gürel Yilmaz
On The Eigenstructure Of The $Q$-Durrmeyer Operators, Övgü Gürel Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The purpose of this paper is to establish the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of both the $q$-Durrmeyer operators $D_{n,q}$ and the limit $q$-Durrmeyer operators $D_{\infty,q}$ introduced by V. Gupta in the case 0<$q$<1. All moments for $D_{n,q}$ and $D_{\infty,q}$ are provided. The coefficients for the eigenfunctions of the operators are explicitly derived and the eigenfunctions of these operators are illustrated by graphical examples.
The Application Of Brzdek's Fixed Point Theorem In The Stability Problem Of The Drygas Functional Equation, Mehdi Dehghanian, Yamin Sayyari
The Application Of Brzdek's Fixed Point Theorem In The Stability Problem Of The Drygas Functional Equation, Mehdi Dehghanian, Yamin Sayyari
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Using the Brzdek fixed point theorem, we establish the Hyers?Ulam stability problem of Drygas functional equations \begin{equation} \delta(x+y-z)+\delta(x-y)+\delta(-y-z)+\delta(y)=\delta(x-y-z)+\delta(y-z)+\delta(x+y)+\delta(-y)\nonumber \end{equation} for all $x,y,z\in A$.
A Short Note On A New Approach To Rayleigh-Bénard-Chandrasekhar Convection In Weakly Electrically Conducting Viscoelastic Liquids, Hati̇ce Muti̇
A Short Note On A New Approach To Rayleigh-Bénard-Chandrasekhar Convection In Weakly Electrically Conducting Viscoelastic Liquids, Hati̇ce Muti̇
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The onset of magnetoconvection (known as Rayleigh-Bénard-Chandrasekhar convection) in two relaxation time viscoelastic liquids is studied here without seeking explicit recourse to a normal stress formulation as is usually done in these studies. Magnetoconvection refers to the flow of fluid in the presence of both thermal gradients (Rayleigh-Bénard convection) and a magnetic field. When these two effects are combined, they can lead to interesting and complex patterns of fluid motion. Understanding magnetoconvection in viscoelastic liquids is crucial for various industrial and scientific applications. The hyperbolic-type of linear momentum equation is decomposed into two first-order equations in time by cleverly separating …
On The Weak And Strong Solutions Of The Velocity-Vorticity Model Of The $G$-Navier-Stokes Equations, Özge Kazar, Meryem Kaya
On The Weak And Strong Solutions Of The Velocity-Vorticity Model Of The $G$-Navier-Stokes Equations, Özge Kazar, Meryem Kaya
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this work, we consider a velocity-vorticity formulation for the $g$-Navier-Stokes equations. The system is constructed by combining the velocity-pressure system which is included by using the rotational formulation of the nonlinearity and the vorticity equation for the $g$ -Navier-Stokes equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions of this system with the periodic boundary conditions.
Existence Results For Impulsive Dynamic Singular Nonlinear Sturm-Liouville Equations On Infinite Intervals, Bi̇lender Paşaoğlu Allahverdi̇ev, Hüseyi̇n Tuna, Hamlet Abdullaoğlu Isayev
Existence Results For Impulsive Dynamic Singular Nonlinear Sturm-Liouville Equations On Infinite Intervals, Bi̇lender Paşaoğlu Allahverdi̇ev, Hüseyi̇n Tuna, Hamlet Abdullaoğlu Isayev
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The purpose of this study is to investigate an impulsive dynamic singular nonlinear Sturm-Liouville problem on infinite intervals. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions of such problem will be investigated by considering Weyl's limit-circle case.
Microplastic Intake Of Unio Mancus Lamarck 1819 Collected From Ataturk Dam Lake, Türkiye, Sedat Gündoğdu
Microplastic Intake Of Unio Mancus Lamarck 1819 Collected From Ataturk Dam Lake, Türkiye, Sedat Gündoğdu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Various Lake Typologies On The Distribution Of Chironomus Spp. (Diptera), And Arguments On Optional Factors Of Water Framework Directive In Turkiye, Recep Bakir, Gürçay Kivanç Akyildiz, Mustafa Duran
The Effects Of Various Lake Typologies On The Distribution Of Chironomus Spp. (Diptera), And Arguments On Optional Factors Of Water Framework Directive In Turkiye, Recep Bakir, Gürçay Kivanç Akyildiz, Mustafa Duran
Turkish Journal of Zoology
No abstract provided.
Chemical And Biochemical Advantages Of The 'Hicaznar' Pomegranate Variety Over 'Katina' And 'Suruc' Varieties Grown In The Same Ecology, Beki̇r Erol Ak, Di̇cle Roza Sayi̇ner, İbrahi̇m Hali̇l Hati̇poğlu, Bi̇rgül Di̇kmetaş
Chemical And Biochemical Advantages Of The 'Hicaznar' Pomegranate Variety Over 'Katina' And 'Suruc' Varieties Grown In The Same Ecology, Beki̇r Erol Ak, Di̇cle Roza Sayi̇ner, İbrahi̇m Hali̇l Hati̇poğlu, Bi̇rgül Di̇kmetaş
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Pomegranate cultivation has spread to various parts of the world. Pomegranate has been grown almost anywhere in the world, mostly in Iran, India, China, Turkey and the United States. ‘Hicaznar’, ‘Katina’ and ‘Suruç’ pomegranate varieties were used as materials in this study. Analyses of antioxidants, sugars, anthocyanins, organic acids, and colourless phenolic compounds in the juices of these fruits were performed by HPLC and DPPH methods. According to our findings, the highest antioxidant capacity was found in ‘Hicaznar’ variety (19.42 mmol trolox L–1). ‘Hicaznar’ variety had high sugar composition in terms of glucose, fructose, and total sugars while the sucrose …
Foliar Application Of Graphene Oxide, Nano-Fe, And Selenium Mitigates Salinity Depression On Ocimum Basilicum, Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani, Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam, Farzad Rasouli, Zühal Okcu, Romina Alina Marc
Foliar Application Of Graphene Oxide, Nano-Fe, And Selenium Mitigates Salinity Depression On Ocimum Basilicum, Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani, Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam, Farzad Rasouli, Zühal Okcu, Romina Alina Marc
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress and foliar applications of graphene oxide, nano-Fe, and selenium on basil’s growth and physiological responses. The results revealed that the treatments affected plant dry weight, essential oil, and malondialdehyde content, relative water content as well as hydrogen peroxide, proline, sodium, iron, and phosphorus content, and sodium to potassium ratio. The highest plant dry weight and essential oil content were recorded under no-salinity and 50 mM salinity × iron nanoparticle foliar use, while 100 mM salinity stress with no foliar spraying increased the levels of malondialdehyde, sodium content, and sodium-to-potassium …
Assessing The Cooking And Quality Traits Diversity In The Seeds Of Faba Bean Germplasm, Yeter Çi̇lesi̇z, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Nevci̇han Gürsoy, Razi̇ye Kul, Tolga Karaköy
Assessing The Cooking And Quality Traits Diversity In The Seeds Of Faba Bean Germplasm, Yeter Çi̇lesi̇z, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Nevci̇han Gürsoy, Razi̇ye Kul, Tolga Karaköy
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Faba bean is protein-enriched legume crop consumed in the form of pods, and cooked seeds and is a part of the traditional food of many Mediterranean countries. It shows variations in its phenotypes, especially in seed size and color. Therefore, it is very important to investigate faba bean genotypes having less cooking time. Keeping this in view, a total of 399 faba bean accessions including three commercial varieties were obtained from International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and Aegean Agricultural Research Institute National Gene Bank for the investigation of cooking traits variations. The field experiments were …
The Effects Of Malt Flours Obtained From Different Cereals On Flour And Bread Quality, Mehmet Murat Karaoğlu, Gül Seda Rei̇s, Yeşi̇m Bedi̇r
The Effects Of Malt Flours Obtained From Different Cereals On Flour And Bread Quality, Mehmet Murat Karaoğlu, Gül Seda Rei̇s, Yeşi̇m Bedi̇r
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, firstly, enzyme-active malt flours were obtained from different germinated grains including wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet, maize, rice, and oat. Next, these enzyme-active malt flours and commercial enzyme were added to bread wheat flour in a level that provides the same amylolytic activity and their effects on bread quality were investigated. The germination process significantly increased the amylolytic enzyme activity in grains but also caused a significant change in L*, a*, and b* color values. Among flours containing different malt flours, the lowest delayed Zeleny sedimentation value was determined in flour containing paddy malt, while the highest …
An Investigation Of Biological Control Possibilities Against Fusarium Proliferatum On Red Pepper, Enes Şahi̇noğlu, Eli̇f Tozlu
An Investigation Of Biological Control Possibilities Against Fusarium Proliferatum On Red Pepper, Enes Şahi̇noğlu, Eli̇f Tozlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Fusarium proliferatum causes yield loss in many agricultural crops. The chemicals used to control it bring problems due to phytotoxicity, residues, environmental pollution and harmful effects on human health. In recent years, the use of environmentally friendly control practices has increased due to the development of environmental and human health awareness. This study was carried out to determine antifungal activities of 52 candidate bioagent bacterial strains and two fungal isolates against F. proliferatum isolated from red pepper on petri plate assay. The activities of five bacterial strains and 2 fungal isolates that showed the highest inhibitory effect on F. proliferatum …
Different Doses Of Cadmium In Soil Negatively Impact Growth, Plant Mineral Homeostasis And Antioxidant Defense Of Mung Bean Plants, Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr
Different Doses Of Cadmium In Soil Negatively Impact Growth, Plant Mineral Homeostasis And Antioxidant Defense Of Mung Bean Plants, Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil has become a gigantic issue across the globe. Metals enter the food chain and cause problems in plants, animals, and humans. We performed this work to evaluate the impacts of different cadmium (Cd) levels on growth, physiology, mineral nutrition, and yield attributes of Vigna radiata. Changes in growth fund are statistically significant and directly linked with an increase in Cd doses. Various concentrations of cadmium exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) vicissitudes in biochemical parameters such as in the contents of chlorophyll, amino acids, soluble proteins, and total soluble sugars in experimental plants. The shoot …
In Vitro Propagation Of Cydonia Oblonga Cv. Esme, Melekber Sülüşoğlu Durul, Tülay Korana Aktaş
In Vitro Propagation Of Cydonia Oblonga Cv. Esme, Melekber Sülüşoğlu Durul, Tülay Korana Aktaş
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Quince (Cydonia oblonga) is a pome fruit belonging to the Rosaceae family and is produced in temperate climates. The popularity of quince fruit is increasing year by year. It is likely to become a highly popular fruit in the near future. Quince fruit and its leaves are rich in bioactive compounds. In addition to providing significant health benefits, different parts of the plant are an important source of raw materials, with applications in the health and pharmaceutical sectors. Micropropagation is a methodology that shortens the time required for sapling material propagation in the field and allows for the breeding of …
Multivariate Analysis For Agro-Morphological And Cooking Properties In Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Germplasm, Aybegün Ton
Multivariate Analysis For Agro-Morphological And Cooking Properties In Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Germplasm, Aybegün Ton
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The objective of the study is to reveal diversity among some chickpea germplasms and selection criteria for agromorphological and cooking properties using multivariate techniques for improving new cultivars. The experiment was arranged in augmented block design with 65 chickpea germplasms and 2 check cultivars during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Positive correlations of seed yield per plant were found with primer branches per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, pods per plant, and seeds per plant. The first four principal components (PCs) accounted for 88.8% of total existing variation for agromorphological traits. Seed dry weight showed positive and significant association with …
Phosphorus-Carrying Cascade Molecules: Inner Architecture To Biomedical Applications, Anbazhagan Thirumalai, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Karthick Harini, Koyeli Girigoswami, Agnishwar Girigoswami
Phosphorus-Carrying Cascade Molecules: Inner Architecture To Biomedical Applications, Anbazhagan Thirumalai, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Karthick Harini, Koyeli Girigoswami, Agnishwar Girigoswami
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
Cascade molecules are nearly uniform-sized macromolecules of small molecules or linear polymer cores built around symmetric branching units. A wide range of biological properties can be achieved with phosphorus-containing dendrimers, depending on their terminal functions, ranging from biomaterials to imaging, drug delivery, and acting as a drug by themselves. This feature article presents significant examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers used to develop biochips, support cell cultures, carry or deliver biomacromolecules and drugs, bioimaging, and combinational benefits. Because of the thermal stability, ferrocene function, and physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, dendrimers show greater rigidity, mobility, and strength. These dendrimers will be …
Theoretical Analysis Of Oled Performances Of Some Aromatic Nitrogen-Containing Ligands, Mustafa Eli̇k
Theoretical Analysis Of Oled Performances Of Some Aromatic Nitrogen-Containing Ligands, Mustafa Eli̇k
Turkish Journal of Chemistry
It is well-known that tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) complex and N,N'diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'- diphenyl-4,4'-diamine compound (TPD) are widely used as electron transfer material (ETL) and hole transfer material (HTL) in organic light emitting diode (OLED) structure, respectively. Considering the reference materials, in the present work, the OLED performances of some cyclic aromatic structures such as 4,4'azopyridine [AZPY], 4,4'-bipyridine [BIPY], 1,2-bis[4'-(4-methylphenyl)2,2':6'2' '-terpyridin6-yl]ethyne (BISTERPY), 5,5'-diamino-2,2'-bipyridine (DABP), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'c]phenazine (DPP), 4,7-phenanthroline (PHEN) including nitrogen atom have been theoretically analyzed. It is important to note that B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/TZP levels of the theory were taken into account for the calculations about monomeric and dimeric structures, respectively. Additionally, the …