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An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada
An Ethnobotanical Field Survey In The Haymana District Of Ankara Province In Turkey, Fulya Sarper, Gali̇p Akaydin, Işil Şi̇mşek, Erdem Yeşi̇lada
Turkish Journal of Biology
Dietary, therapeutical, and other ethnobotanical utilizations of the wild plants grown in Haymana district of Ankara were investigated. Information was collected by face-to-face interviews with 160 individuals in 9 selected sites. The demographic characteristics of the informants were evaluated and cross-relationships with the recorded data were also analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results of the study show that 83.8% of the informants recognize the utilization of wild plants either as foodstuff or as remedy, while only 16.2% was unaware of that. Both the knowledge and the utilization of plants significantly increased with the increasing age of the informants. However, there …
Interaction Between Glomus Geosporum, Azotobacter Chroococcum, And Bacillus Coagulans And Their Influence On Growth And Nutrition Of Melia Azedarach L., Sevanan Rajeshkumar, Mathan Chandran Nisha, Padanilly Chidambaram Prabu, Lakew Wondimu, Thangavel Selvaraj
Interaction Between Glomus Geosporum, Azotobacter Chroococcum, And Bacillus Coagulans And Their Influence On Growth And Nutrition Of Melia Azedarach L., Sevanan Rajeshkumar, Mathan Chandran Nisha, Padanilly Chidambaram Prabu, Lakew Wondimu, Thangavel Selvaraj
Turkish Journal of Biology
A green house nursery study was conducted to assess the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, a nitrogen fixing bacterium, Glomus geosporum, Azotobacter chroococcum, and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium (MHB), Bacillus coagulans, in soil and their consequent effect on growth and nutrition of Melia azedarach L. seedlings. Triple inoculation of G. geosporum, A. chroococcum, and B. coagulans resulted in maximum plant biomass, N, P, Zn, and Cu uptake, and biovolume and quality index of M. azedarach seedlings. It also increased the mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in the root zone soil of the inoculated plants over uninoculated control plants. The …
Changes In Anatomical Structure And Levels Of Endogenous Phytohormones During Leaf Rolling In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Drought Stress, Ni̇hal Kutlu, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Çi̇ğdem Tekeli̇, Gülcan Şenel, Peyami̇ Battal, Asim Kadioğlu
Changes In Anatomical Structure And Levels Of Endogenous Phytohormones During Leaf Rolling In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Drought Stress, Ni̇hal Kutlu, Rabi̇ye Terzi̇, Çi̇ğdem Tekeli̇, Gülcan Şenel, Peyami̇ Battal, Asim Kadioğlu
Turkish Journal of Biology
Leaf rolling occurs as a response to water deficit and its level increases as the drought period is progressing in plants. Changes in anatomical structure and levels of endogenous phytohormones were investigated under drought stress during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa. Leaf water potential (\Psi_{leaf}), some anatomical parameters, and the levels of phytohormones were determined at different visual levels of leaf rolling from 1 to 4. \Psi_{leaf}, thickness of mesophyll and lamina, and width/length ratio of hypodermis cells of leaves decreased while leaf rolling level increased. Diameters of xylem vessels and median vein, and length of upper and lower stomatal …
A Comparative Study On Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. Cultivated On Different Agricultural Lignocellulosic Wastes, Abdurrahman Dündar, Abdunnasir Yildiz
A Comparative Study On Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. Cultivated On Different Agricultural Lignocellulosic Wastes, Abdurrahman Dündar, Abdunnasir Yildiz
Turkish Journal of Biology
For the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. wheat stalk (WS), cotton stalk (CS), millet stalk (MS), and soybean stalk (SS) were used as the main material and oven-dried lentil straw (LS) was used as an additive material 100:10, 100:15, 100:20 w:w in weight for 100 g of main material (70% moisture). The shortest mycelium growing time (MGT) was 10.2 days, on the SS, while the longest was 18.8 days, on the CS. The shortest first harvest time (FHT) was 30 days, on SS + LS (90:10; w:w), and the longest was 46.4 days, on CS + LS (100:20; w:w). …
Inhibitory Effects Of Ajowan (Trachyspermum Ammi) Ethanolic Extract On A. Ochraceus Growth And Ochratoxin Production, Pushpa S. Murthy, B. B. Borse, Hafeeza Khanum, P. Srinivas
Inhibitory Effects Of Ajowan (Trachyspermum Ammi) Ethanolic Extract On A. Ochraceus Growth And Ochratoxin Production, Pushpa S. Murthy, B. B. Borse, Hafeeza Khanum, P. Srinivas
Turkish Journal of Biology
Ajowan is an aromatic seed spice that has a medicinal value. In this paper Ajowan Ethanolic Extract (AEE), which was prepared from Ajowan seeds, was assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activity against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion assay. AEE exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all the organisms tested. Emphasis of the study was on the affect of AEE on the mycelial growth and spore germination of toxigenic fungi A. ochraceus. Cultures were incubated on yeast extract-sucrose (YES) broth, at concentrations of 50, 150, 250 ppm at 25°C. At 250 ppm, AEE completely inhibited germination of spores, …
Benthic Algae (Except Bacillariophyta) And Their Seasonal Variations In Karagöl Lake (Borçka, Artvin-Turkey), Saadet Kolayli, Bülent Şahi̇n
Benthic Algae (Except Bacillariophyta) And Their Seasonal Variations In Karagöl Lake (Borçka, Artvin-Turkey), Saadet Kolayli, Bülent Şahi̇n
Turkish Journal of Botany
Seasonal variation in the species composition of the benthic algae of Karagöl Lake was investigated from April to October in 2001 and 2002. The benthic algal flora consisted of 38 taxa belonging to the divisions Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, and Chrysophyta. In general, Chlorophyta were dominant in terms of species number and abundance during the study period. The distribution range of the benthic algae composition and dominant species differed from each other at all stations. Benthic algal growth was mostly influenced by water temperature and light.
Effects Of Carbaryl And Γ-Bhc On The Histology Of Midgut And Digestive Enzyme Profiles In The Third Instar Larvae Of Fruit-Sucking Moth, Othreis Materna (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chitralekha Deshmukh, Aneel Mohite, Jagdish Shinde
Effects Of Carbaryl And Γ-Bhc On The Histology Of Midgut And Digestive Enzyme Profiles In The Third Instar Larvae Of Fruit-Sucking Moth, Othreis Materna (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chitralekha Deshmukh, Aneel Mohite, Jagdish Shinde
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The effects of LC50 dose of carbaryl and gamma benzene hexachloride (γ-BHC) on midgut histopathology and midgut enzyme activities in the third instar larvae of fruit-sucking moth, Othreis materna (L.) were studied. The sub-lethal doses of carbaryl and \gamma-BHC caused initially hypersecretory activity in the midgut epithelial cells leading to deposition of numerous secretory vesicles in the extraperitrophic space, clumping of chromatin matter, and regression and vacuolization of the columnar cells, but later on they were recovered within 24 h. Activities of the midgut digestive enzymes (amylase, invertase, lipase, and protease) were significantly affected. Carbaryl enhanced (P < 0.05) the amylase, invertase, lipase, and protease activities initially up to 4 h and 6 h of treatment, but after 24 h of treatment, amylase and invertase activities resumed while an inhibitory effect was observed on lipase and protease activities. \gamma-BHC did not affect the amylase and protease activities up to 4 h but later on it significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced their activities up to 6 h and 12 h, respectively. Thereafter it fell without showing any sign of recovery. \gamma-BHC enhanced (P < 0.05) invertase and lipase activities but they fell after 4 h treatment.
Age, Growth, And Gonadosomatic Index (Gsi) Of Mediterranean Horse Mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus Steindachner, 1868) In The Eastern Black Sea, Cemaletti̇n Şahi̇n, Nazli Kasapoğlu, A. Mutlu Gözler, Ferhat Kalayci, Necati̇ Hacimurtazaoğlu, Cengi̇z Mutlu
Age, Growth, And Gonadosomatic Index (Gsi) Of Mediterranean Horse Mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus Steindachner, 1868) In The Eastern Black Sea, Cemaletti̇n Şahi̇n, Nazli Kasapoğlu, A. Mutlu Gözler, Ferhat Kalayci, Necati̇ Hacimurtazaoğlu, Cengi̇z Mutlu
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The aim of this study was to calculate the basic population parameters of Trachurus mediterraneus off the coast of the Eastern Black Sea. Average total length was estimated as 13.52 ± 1.884 cm for the entire population, 13.08 ± 1.594 cm for males, and 13.62 ± 1.804 for females. Average weight was 20.27 ± 8.819 g for the entire population, 18.65 ± 7.626 g for males, and 21.31 ± 9.184 g for females. Age of the fish ranged between 0 and 5 years. Length-weight, age-length, and age-weight relationships were estimated for the population, where W = 0.0089 × L^{2.9552}; L_t …
The Effect Of Seasonality On The Health And Growth Of A Newly Recorded Myxobolus Species Infecting Cultured Sharp Snout Seabream (Diplodus Puntazzo C.), Eleni Golomazou, Fotini Athanassopoulou, Eudokia Karagouni, Lambros Kokkokiris
The Effect Of Seasonality On The Health And Growth Of A Newly Recorded Myxobolus Species Infecting Cultured Sharp Snout Seabream (Diplodus Puntazzo C.), Eleni Golomazou, Fotini Athanassopoulou, Eudokia Karagouni, Lambros Kokkokiris
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The prevalence, intensity, and pathology of a Myxobolus sp. affecting the kidneys of cultured Diplodus puntazzo C. during the period 2003-2005 are described. The study included data collected from the largest farm in southern Greece where a high rate of mortality due to myxosporean infection occurred. Sharp snout seabream reared in sea cages in southern Greece underwent microbiological, parasitological, and histological examinations, while measurement and identification of parasites was performed immediately after sampling. Samplings were made daily from winter 2003 to autumn 2005. Prevalence was estimated for each season (autumn, winter, spring, and summer) each year (2003, 2004, and 2005). …
Fatty Acid Content And Composition Of Turkish Beef And Lamb At Retail, Leyla Vatansever, Gülcan Demi̇rel
Fatty Acid Content And Composition Of Turkish Beef And Lamb At Retail, Leyla Vatansever, Gülcan Demi̇rel
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The fatty acid content and chemical composition of retail samples of beef and lamb meat were investigated. Fifty beef and lamb chops were purchased from different supermarkets in İstanbul on separate occasions. The average muscle fatty acid content was 2395 and 2257 mg/100 g of muscle for beef and lamb, respectively. Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were 1000 and 940 mg/100 g, and 199 and 261 mg/100 g of muscle for beef and lamb, respectively. Overall results indicate that, particularly before the Sacrifice Holiday, concentrate-based feeding of livestock increases and this has an adverse effect on the n-6/n-3 ratio …
Submucosal Uroliths In The Vesica Urinaria Of A Male Dalmatian Dog, İrem Gül Sancak, Azi̇z Arda Sancak, Fatma Eser Özgenci̇l
Submucosal Uroliths In The Vesica Urinaria Of A Male Dalmatian Dog, İrem Gül Sancak, Azi̇z Arda Sancak, Fatma Eser Özgenci̇l
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
A 1-year-old male Dalmatian dog with urinary obstruction was examined on an emergency basis. The macroscopic urine examination, direct radiography, positive contrast cystography, and ultrasonography revealed urolithiasis. Histology of the vesica urinaria showed urolith particles deeply embedded in a membrane on the mucosa. This is not commonly seen in dogs with urolithiasis.
Industrial Copper Intoxication Of Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep In Kerman Province, Iran, Ali Asghar Mozaffari, Amin Derakhshanfar, Jamileh Salar Amoli
Industrial Copper Intoxication Of Iranian Fat-Tailed Sheep In Kerman Province, Iran, Ali Asghar Mozaffari, Amin Derakhshanfar, Jamileh Salar Amoli
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
An outbreak of industrial chronic copper poisoning in Iranian fat-tailed sheep in a region of southeast Iran is described. At least 10,000 out of 75,000 sheep (13.3%) originating from 50 flocks died over a period of 3 years in the Khatoon Abad region in Kerman province, Iran. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological, clinical, hematological, serum biochemical, urinalysis, necropsy and histopathological evaluations. Then findings were confirmed by toxicological analysis of liver and kidney samples. The details of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings are described in the manuscript. These findings were indicative of chronic copper poisoning in affected sheep. Toxicological …
Esophageal Diverticulum In A Cat, Mehmet Kazim Börkü, Kerem Ural, Murat Ki̇bar, Yunusemre Özkanlar, Murat Güzel, Cenker Çağri Cingi
Esophageal Diverticulum In A Cat, Mehmet Kazim Börkü, Kerem Ural, Murat Ki̇bar, Yunusemre Özkanlar, Murat Güzel, Cenker Çağri Cingi
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented because of post-prandial regurgitation, gasping shortly after eating, weight loss, dyspnea, and tachypnea. Six months prior to the onset of these signs the cat had received nutritional support via gastrostomy and then nasogastric tubes. A diagnosis of esophageal diverticulum was made on the basis of clinical features, contrast esophagram, and endoscopy, and was considered a complication of tube feeding. Medical therapy, including parenteral fluids, ranitidine, metoclopramide, and cisapride, and a soft, bland low-fat diet resulted in improvement in the clinical signs within 1 week. The cat was discharged and recovery was …
Thermoregulation Differs In Chinampo (Bos Taurus) And Locally Born Dairy Cattle, Jose L. Espinoza, Jesus Sanchez, Jose A. Gracia, Jesus R. Sanchez, Ricardo Ortega, Alejandro Palacios
Thermoregulation Differs In Chinampo (Bos Taurus) And Locally Born Dairy Cattle, Jose L. Espinoza, Jesus Sanchez, Jose A. Gracia, Jesus R. Sanchez, Ricardo Ortega, Alejandro Palacios
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In order to evaluate heat tolerance, physiological constants of 32 cows were measured (Chinampo: n = 12; Holstein: n = 10; Jersey: n = 10). From June to December 2006, rectal temperature and respiratory rate were recorded every Monday at 0600 and 1700 h. Holstein rectal temperature was affected by heat most, followed by Jersey, and Chinampo (the most heat-resistant). Respiratory rate of the 3 breeds was affected by climatic factors, but the Holstein and Jersey cows registered values higher than those of Chinampo cows. With a temperature-humidity index (THI) above 72 the physiological variables of all 3 breeds increased. …
Dairy Farming In Kars District, Turkey: Iii. Neonatal Calf Health, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Ahmet Ünver, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Mükremi̇n Özkan Arslan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce
Dairy Farming In Kars District, Turkey: Iii. Neonatal Calf Health, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Ahmet Ünver, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Mükremi̇n Özkan Arslan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The study was designed to determine the health status of neonatal calves on dairy farms in Kars district. It involved retrospective questioning (2001 calving season) and prospective follow up (2002 calving season). The localities and farms were selected from a list using a 2-stage stratified random sampling method. Farms were weekly visited by authors during the 2002 calving season for clinical problems. A total of 624 calves, born on 45 farms from 7 different localities, were followed up in the 2002 calving season. On the same farms data were collected regarding 582 neonatal calves in the 2001 calving season by …
Nutritive Value Of Damascus Rose Extraction Residue Ensiled With Different Effluent Absorbents, Hassan Fazaeli, Mojtaba Zahedifar
Nutritive Value Of Damascus Rose Extraction Residue Ensiled With Different Effluent Absorbents, Hassan Fazaeli, Mojtaba Zahedifar
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Two experiments were conducted to study the silage characteristics and nutritive value of Damascus rose extraction residue (RER) which is a by-product remained after the extraction of rose water in some parts of Iran. In the first experiment, RER was ensiled together with different amounts of effluent absorbents, using a completely randomised design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates. In the second experiment, RER was ensiled together with dry sugar beet pulp, wheat straw, and limestone. The contents of OM, CP, CF, EE, and NFE were 94.4%, 11%, 24%, 24%, and 57.3%, respectively, in the initial samples of RER. The …
Renal Handling Of Ciprofloxacin In Domestic Ruminant Species, Ijaz Javed, Zahid Iqbal, Zia-Ur Rahman, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Faqir Muhammad, Faqir H. Khan, Javed I. Sultan
Renal Handling Of Ciprofloxacin In Domestic Ruminant Species, Ijaz Javed, Zahid Iqbal, Zia-Ur Rahman, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Faqir Muhammad, Faqir H. Khan, Javed I. Sultan
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
Investigations regarding renal clearance and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin were carried out in buffaloes, cows, sheep, and goats. The drug was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. The plasma and urine concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC. Renal clearance of endogenous creatinine was used as an index of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In buffaloes, it was 0.72 ± 0.15 (mean ± SE), in cows 0.36 ± 0.09, in sheep 1.33 ± 0.35, and in goats 1.87 ± 0.38 mL/min/kg. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin in buffaloes was 0.47 ± 0.08, in cows 0.29 ± …
Vitamin And Mineral Content Of Pike Perch (Sander Lucioperca), Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio), And European Catfish (Silurus Glanis), Gülsün Özyurt, Abdurrahman Polat, Gül Bri̇ngen Loker
Vitamin And Mineral Content Of Pike Perch (Sander Lucioperca), Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio), And European Catfish (Silurus Glanis), Gülsün Özyurt, Abdurrahman Polat, Gül Bri̇ngen Loker
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The vitamin and mineral contents of pike perch (Sander lucioperca), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and European catfish (Silurus glanis) were determined in this study. The lowest water content (76.79 g/100 g) and the highest ash (1.17 g/100 g) and fat (3.5 g/100 g) contents were determined in common carp. The highest water (81.81 g/100 g) and lowest protein contents (17.17 g/100 g) were found in European catfish sample. On the other hand, the fat content of pike perch (0.74 g/100 g) was significantly lower than common carp (3.5 g/100 g) and European catfish (1.12g/100 g). The mean vitamin contents across …
Acute Encephalopathy And Clinical Pathology Findings In A Sheep With Chronic Copper Poisoning, Nektarios D. Giadinis, Nikolaos Papaioannoy, Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou, Nikolaos Roubies, Nikolaos Raikos, Harilaos Karatzias
Acute Encephalopathy And Clinical Pathology Findings In A Sheep With Chronic Copper Poisoning, Nektarios D. Giadinis, Nikolaos Papaioannoy, Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou, Nikolaos Roubies, Nikolaos Raikos, Harilaos Karatzias
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
A 3-year-old East Friesian sheep from a sheep flock that suffered from chronic copper poisoning was forwarded to the Clinic of Farm Animals in the Aristotle University. The animal had signs of a hemolytic disease indicative of chronic copper poisoning and also nervous signs. Laboratory examinations were consistent with chronic copper poisoning. This was confirmed after necropsy and liver toxicological analysis. By blood smear examination, metarubricytosis, basophilic stippling, anisocytosis, and polychromasia were found. Also, brain histopathological examination revealed focal areas of gliosis in the cerebral cortex and white matter areas. Satellitosis, neuronal degeneration (chromatolysis) and neuronophagia were also observed. These …
Cover And Contents
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Serum Oxidant Status, And Cholesterol, Homocysteine, Folic Acid, Copper, And Zinc Levels In University Students, İmge B. Ergüder, Asli Uçar, Işil Aritürk, Toker Ergüder, Aslihan Avci, Seni̇ha Hasi̇pek, Kadi̇rhan Sunguroğlu
The Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Serum Oxidant Status, And Cholesterol, Homocysteine, Folic Acid, Copper, And Zinc Levels In University Students, İmge B. Ergüder, Asli Uçar, Işil Aritürk, Toker Ergüder, Aslihan Avci, Seni̇ha Hasi̇pek, Kadi̇rhan Sunguroğlu
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Aim: To examine the effect of cigarette smoking on serum oxidative damage and oxidant status in university students. Materials and Methods: Subjects were randomly chosen from among Ankara University Faculty of Science students. The study was performed at the Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry. In all, 44 volunteer (22 smokers and 22 non-smokers) students participated in the study. Malondialdehyde, sensitivity to oxidation (SO), and antioxidant potential (AOP), and total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, homocysteine, folic acid, copper, and zinc levels were …
The Clinical And Laboratory Characteristics Of Vitamin D Intoxication In Children, Hakan Döneray, Behzat Özkan, Asuman Özkan, Celaletti̇n Koşan, Zerri̇n Orbak, Cahi̇t Karakelleoğlu
The Clinical And Laboratory Characteristics Of Vitamin D Intoxication In Children, Hakan Döneray, Behzat Özkan, Asuman Özkan, Celaletti̇n Koşan, Zerri̇n Orbak, Cahi̇t Karakelleoğlu
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Aim: In this retrospective study, patients with vitamin D intoxication (VDI) were evaluated with respect to clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment protocols and complications. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 27 children with VDI between 2003 and 2008 were investigated. Data included age, gender, nutritional status, dose and duration of prophylactic/therapeutic vitamin D, the reasons for vitamin D therapy prescription, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, therapy protocol for VDI, and complications. Results: The mean dose of vitamin D prescribed to the patients was 600,000 U (range: 300,000-1,200,000 U). The most prominent reason (80.9%) for physician prescription of vitamin …
Comparison Of Human Milk, Cow´S Milk And Infant Formulas For Their Antifungal Effects Against Environmental Fungi, Emi̇n Mete, Ferhat Çatal, Cüneyt Tayman, Nurdan Uras, Hali̇se Akça, Mustafa Ulukanligi̇l, Fati̇h Özkaragöz
Comparison Of Human Milk, Cow´S Milk And Infant Formulas For Their Antifungal Effects Against Environmental Fungi, Emi̇n Mete, Ferhat Çatal, Cüneyt Tayman, Nurdan Uras, Hali̇se Akça, Mustafa Ulukanligi̇l, Fati̇h Özkaragöz
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Aim: Breast-feeding is generally accepted as the optimal method of feeding infants. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the antifungal effect of human milk with infant formula and cow´s milk. Materials and Methods: Eighty Sabouraud agar petri dishes were separated into eight groups. All petri dish lids were closed and incubated, after 15 minutes uncovered. The first group was used to detect the fungal flora of the environmental air. The second group was rubbed with human milk. The third group was rubbed with 0.9% NaCl solution. Fourth group was rubbed with cow´s milk. Fifth, 6, …