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Integral Extensions On Growth And Higher Derivatives Of A Polynomial, Nirmal Kumar Singha, Fahreddi̇n G. Abdullayev, Barchad Chanam

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A well-known theorem due to Ankeny and Rivlin states that if p(z) is a polynomial of degree n such that p(z) has no zero in |z| < 1, then
max_|z|=R≥1 |p(z)| ≤ (R^{n + 1} / 2) max_|z|=1 |p(z)|.
This research examines the polynomial p(z), ensuring that it has no zero in the disk |z| < k, where k ≥ 1. At the same time, we investigate the s^th derivative of this polynomial, where 0 ≤ s < n. In our effort to establish integral formulations of the inequalities related to the derivatives of this class of polynomials, we have successfully extended and generalized Ankeny and Rivlin’s inequality to integral settings. Additionally, part of our findings provides integral analogs of results by Mir [J. Anal., 27 (2019), 851−857]. Moreover, another aspect of our work leads to an improvement in the result of Jain [Turk. J. Math., 31 (2007), 89−94], which we have also verified using an example. We have also compared our results with a previously known result using this numerical example, where the bounds that are in terms of integral means are estimated numerically by numerical integration using Simpson’s 1/3^rd rule and illustrate graphically the obtained inequalities as regards sharpness.

On The Solutions Of Difference Equations Of The Volterra Type, Hakan Adigüzel

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we conduct a thorough analysis of the qualitative behavior of solutions to three different types of difference equations of the Volterra type. Utilizing the principles of discrete calculus and various well-known inequalities, we have presented our findings. To conclude our theoretical findings, we provide several examples that illustrate full alignment with the findings.

Morphotectonic And Active Tectonic Properties Of The Yenicekent Travertines With Chibanian–Meghalayan Ages In The Denizli Graben (Türkiye), Ömer Eki̇zoğlu, B. Levent Mesci̇

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Travertine deposits that crop out in the Yenicekent travertine field within the Denizli graben in western Türkiye are described and illustrated. Three morphologies of travertine are identified in this field, comprising fissure-ridge type, range-front, and eroded-sheet type, with each type resulting from deposition by geothermal waters driven by ongoing tectonism. The fissures in the Yenicekent travertine field extend parallel to active normal faults bounding the Denizli basin from the NE-directed Tripolis and Pamukkale faults, and were formed by waters released under tensile stress in the footwall blocks of normal faults. This study aimed to link the chronological development of travertine …

U-Pb Calcite Geochronology, Epr, Geochemistry, And C-O-Sr Isotopes Of Ancient Marbles In The İznik Region (Bursa-Türkiye), Namik Aysal, Özge Karslioğlu, Emre Erdem, Marcel Guillong, Si̇nan Öngen, İbrahi̇m Tonguç Uysal, Ersi̇n Kaygisiz, İpek Deni̇z Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The İznik city (ancient Nicaea), located east of Lake İznik (known as -“Bithynia” in ancient times), has been an important political and cultural centre of Asia Minor since the Hellenistic period. Marbles produced in the quarries in the vicinity (Ömerli and İnikli villages, Deliktaş-Sarıtaş hills) were used both in the construction of the walls and in many ancient works in the city. Approximately eighteen ancient marble quarries producing grey and white marbles were investigated in the region. Petrography, EPR, XRD, C-O-Sr isotope and whole rock geochemistry analyses were performed for characterization of the samples collected from the quarries for the …

Tectonic Setting Analysis Of The Early Tortonian Lacustrine Basins In Nw Iran Based On Sedimentological, Paleontological, And Structural Studies, Enayat Haghfarshi, Seyyed Reza Moussavi̇ Harami̇, Mohammad Faridi, Peyman Rezaee

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Lignite Beds of Tabriz are among the Neogene formations in the northwest region of Iran that were formed as individual basins in the margin of the Tabriz fault and the suburbs of Tabriz City during the Late Miocene. These beds have many similarities in terms of facies and lithology. In this study, two stratigraphic sections of the main Lignite Beds unit, with a total thickness of 203 m, were measured and sampled. Fine- and medium-grained siliciclastics, limestones, lignite, tuff, and calcrete sedimentary facies were identified. The new fossils identified in this study include gastropods (Borysthenia naticina, Hydrobia sp., Lymnaea …

Editorial Note To The Article “Tectonic Geomorphology Of The South-Eastern Section Of The Burdur-Fethiye Shear Zone, Western Taurides: Morphotectonic Framework Of The Eşen Basin” [Turkish Journal Of Earth Sciences 33 (5) 2024 503-529 ], Orhan Tatar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

As part of the journal’s commitment to open scientific dialogue, we are publishing a Letter to the Editor regarding the article “Tectonic geomorphology of the south-eastern section of the Burdur-Fethiye Shear Zone, Western Taurides: morphotectonic framework of the Eşen Basin” along with a reply from the authors, who have provided a clarification in response to the concerns raised. We consider such exchanges to be a normal and healthy part of the scientific process, and we are presenting both perspectives to allow readers to form their own conclusions.The views expressed in the letter and the reply are those of the respective …

A Model Study On Enhancing The Horizontal Gradient Of Potential Fields With The Vertical Derivative, Luan Thanh Pham, Saulo P. Oliveira, Erdi̇nç Öksüm, Jeferson De Souza

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The total horizontal gradient (THG) and its derivatives are commonly used in interpreting potential fields. Because THG is a nonharmonic function, its vertical derivative (VD) can be consistently computed using, e.g., a finite-difference approximation. The calculation of VD in the wavenumber domain is physically meaningful for harmonic functions, but it provides a pseudovertical derivative (PVD) when applied to nonharmonic fields that can be used in some edge detectors, such as THG. Through experiments with synthetic and field datasets, we evaluated the performance of the PVD of THG in the tilt angle of THG (TAHG) and fast sigmoid-based edge detector (FSED). …

On Reference Accuracy: Clarification Of The Original Data, İrem Eli̇tez, Cenk Yaltirak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Although it is claimed that the same data was correctly attributed to Alçiçek (2007) in Elitez and Yaltırak (2023), no age data from Alçiçek (2007) were actually used in that study. In fact, the stratigraphic interpretation proposed by Alçiçek (2007) exhibits notable discrepancies with the conclusions presented by Elitez and Yaltırak (2023). Alçiçek (2007) defines the geological units overlying the basement as the Eşen Formation (comprising the Çetilidüz, Çaykenarı, and Kocaçay members) and Quaternary units. Based on the fossil Palaeotragus rouenii, the author suggests that the Neogene succession begins with Late Miocene alluvial-fan conglomerates, sandstones, and mudstones, whereas lacustrine sedimentation …

Citing The Citer: A Way To Claim Original Data, Mehmet Ci̇hat Alçi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In Elitez and Yaltırak (2024, p. 3), the “Upper Miocene” age data for the Eşen Basin fill is cited from Elitez and Yaltırak (2023). However, in that work, the same data was correctly attributed to Alçiçek (2007), which is the original source. Citing a secondary source instead of the original one is avoided in scientific writing. This letter aims to correct this citation practice.

Parity-Time Symmetry In Vcsels Utilizing Lithographic Cavities, Abdullah Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Physics

Parity-time symmetry (PTS) has emerged as a powerful strategy for engineering single-mode lasers with enhanced mode selectivity. In this work, we present a systematic numerical study comparing two classes of non-Hermitian micro-laser designs: PTS and quasi-PTS (q-PTS). Using lithographically defined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (Li-VCSELs) as our platform, we show that q-PTS VCSELs offer superior transverse mode discrimination compared to their PTS counterparts. This advantage arises from the unique coupling mechanism in q-PTS architectures, where the fundamental mode preserves its low-loss nature. In contrast, PTS VCSELs require the second-order mode to remain in the PTS phase while the fundamental mode is …

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Decision Support System Design For Precision Agriculture: Optimizing Farming And Resource Use, Qingshan Bai

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency of agricultural decision support systems by integrating deep reinforcement learning techniques to optimize the path planning of agricultural vehicles. By decomposing the system into dynamics, action, strategy, reward, and discount factor components, a robust framework is established. A value-based reinforcement learning algorithm is introduced, enriched with policy gradient (PG) methodology to enable continuous and adaptive state-to-action decision-making process. A deep neural network (DNN) was used to approximate the state-action value function, resulting in the innovative DNN-PG-Q-learning algorithm. This algorithm leverages an empirical playback pool to enable efficient and intelligent path planning for agricultural …

Human Settlement Environment And Architectural Ecological Design Based On Artificial Intelligence Technology, Mingxing Xu, Xiongjun Tao

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The main purpose of this paper was to use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to improve the coordination between architectural design and the natural environment, so as to optimize resource utilization and reduce negative environmental impacts and improve the quality of human settlements. To do this, multiple types of data covering the environment, buildings, and user feedback were first collected and preprocessed. Based on these data, the long short-term memory model was used to predict future environmental changes, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used for multiobjective optimization of architectural design. The experimental results showed that the AI-driven design scheme …

Cover And Content

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.

Circular Motion And Thermodynamic Characteristics Of Particles Around A Quintessential Nonrotating Black Hole, Indrajit Halder, Kamal Lochan Mahanta, Rakesh Ranjan Sahoo

Turkish Journal of Physics

This paper investigates the geodesics of the Schwarzschild black hole modified with the quintessence field and modeled as a barotropic fluid with a constant equation of state derived in Boyer Lindquist coordinates with natural units G = c = 1. Hamilton–Jacobi formalization is applied to investigate the geodesics in both static and nonstatic black hole spacetime. It specifically examines the formation of bound orbits of test particles around the black hole, highlighting that these orbits result from the interplay between the gravitational pull of the black hole and a repulsive force associated with quintessence. The thermodynamic properties of a black …

Variational Monte Carlo Optimization Of Proton-Proton Scattering Potential Using The Phase Function Method, Shikha Awasthi, Anil Khachi, O.S.K.S. Sastri

Turkish Journal of Physics

The Riccati-type nonlinear differential equation, also known as the Phase Function equation, is used to construct local inverse potentials for the 1S0 - pp state by bypassing the well-known Schrödinger equation. The pp interaction is described using the Malfliet-Tjon potential model for the nuclear component combined with a screened Coulomb potential, with the phase equation solved via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK-4) method. Based on our analysis, we confirm that the optimized interaction potential closely matches the well-known realistic Argonne V18 and Reid potentials for the 1S0 state, and the computed phase shifts and cross-sections show excellent agreement with experimental data. …

Evolution Of Wormholes Under F(R, T) Theory, The Karmarkar Condition And The Casimir Energy, Murat Metehan Türkoğlu

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this study, both the evolution of wormholes (by examining both the energy conditions and using the TOV equations) and the effects of the Karmarkar condition on the solutions obtained under certain specific cases were examined in the light of the f(R, T) gravity theory, using two f(R, T) functions predicted to describe the accelerated expansion of the universe. In this context, for the first time in the literature, a generalized shape function was obtained using the Karmarkar condition. It was observed that solutions of the type R -a12/R+a2g(T) satisfy the energy conditions (with the dominant energy condition being partially …

Precision Crop Yield Prediction Model Based On Deep Learning And Multimodal Data Fusion, Zijin Mo, Yanxiong Wu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

More precise crop yield prediction methods are essential in advancing precision agriculture, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Deep learning technologies have significantly improved prediction accuracy by allowing the analysis of large-scale agricultural datasets. However, existing approaches still face challenges in effectively integrating multisource data, such as meteorological, soil, and remote sensing information, and optimizing model parameters. To address these issues, this study introduces TCGNet, a novel deep learning architecture that combines a time convolutional network (TCN), convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM), and the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. The TCN is employed for time series analysis, ConvLSTM …

A Comprehensive Review Of Fermentation Technologies In Food Processing: From Traditional To Cutting Edge, Pragati Singh, Niharika Arya, Shalini Sharma, Ankita Sharma, Prasad Rasane, Supriya Singh Gaur, Sawinder Kaur, Mahendra Gunjal, Hasan Kiliçgün, Jyoti Singh

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Fermentation technologies play crucial roles in food processing, offering various advantages, including enhanced flavor profiles, extended shelf life, and improved nutritional qualities. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the major types of fermentation as well as effects of various factors such as substrate composition, temperature, pH, oxygen availability, and microbial strain selection on the process. Despite its widespread application, traditional fermentation processes face limitations related to yield optimization, contamination risks, and process consistency. Recent advancements have significantly enhanced fermentation efficiency, product quality, and scalability, ultimately expanding the applications beyond food and beverage production into pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, biofuels, and waste …

Enhanced And Proficient Chitosan Membranes Embedded With Polyaniline-Tio2 Core-Shell Nanocomposites For Fuel-Cell Hydrogen Storage, Mallikarjunagouda Patil, Sridhar N. Mathad, Arun Y. Patil, Abdulaziz Abdulah Al-Kheraif, Sachin Naik, Sajith Vellapally

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This study investigates the preparation and properties of aniline polymerized in situ onto a nanosized TiO2 surface to form core-shell nanoparticles at ambient temperatures. The in situ polymerization of aniline to polyaniline (PANI), in conjunction with the utilization of an anionic surfactant, was employed in this investigation. The prepared PANI-TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were integrated with chitosan at a gravimetric ratio and cast as core-shell nanocomposite membranes. The nanocomposites were subjected to structural analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns. The surface morphologies of the PANI and its nanocomposites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Direct current conductivity …

1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives As Pi3ks Inhibitor: Design, In Silico Studies, Synthesis, Characterization, And Antimicrobial Evaluation, Dharmvir Singh, Pankaj Kumar, Anoop Kumar, Vivek V. Bhosale, Kalicharan Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Ramchander Khatri, Tanuj Hooda, Amit Lather

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Since PI3Ks are targeted by a variety of bacterial pathogens, they represent a promising target for host-directed immune therapy and may be beneficial in managing persistent bacterial infections. In the present study, computational studies of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives for phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) inhibitors were carried out using dock scores, Glide scores, and the MMGBSA dG method, with comparison to standard drugs (ofloxacin and fluconazole). A series of 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives (D1-D17) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, as well as fungal strains, using the tube dilution method. The synthesized compounds were characterized …

A Single Batch Synthesis Of Pure Phase Mo2c From Ammonium Molybdate: Pathway And Properties, Melek Cumbul Altay

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This study presents an original, effective, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing pure molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) from ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (AMT) without generating carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The process involves the sequential transformation of AMT to Mo2C, which follows the reaction pathway of (NH4)6Mo7O24→MoO3→MoO2→Mo→Mo2C. This transformation is achieved by strategically altering the gas atmosphere, switching from Ar to H2 at 800 K and then from H2 to CH4 at 1000 K. Thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize AMT and the products. Mass measurements were used to follow the conversion of …

Pyrene-Based Hole Transport Materials For Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells, Madiha Irfan, Aamer Saeed, Sania Tahir, Muhammad Rehman Yaqoob, Sohaib Ahmed Zia, Muhammad Usama, Junaid Mukhtar, Usama Farrukh, Sara Rehman

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In the past few years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained a lot of attention and become a well-known topic in solar studies due to their lower manufacturing costs and improved efficiencies. Previously utilized hole transport materials (HTMs), such as poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] and 2,2ʹ,7,7ʹ-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9ʹ-spirobifluorene, are challenging due to their high price, complicated synthesis, limited carrier mobility, and poor device stability. Developing HTMs for PSCs that are inexpensive and high-performance has gained much interest. Currently, many HTMs of organic molecules are used to improve photovoltaic qualities and reduce synthesis costs. Effectively using HTMs is essential for producing the best photovoltaic efficiency in …

Determination Of Mitoxantrone In Environmental Waters: A Spectrophotometric Method With Preconcentration By Salt Saturated Pipette-Tip Micro Solid Phase Extraction Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer, Sayyed Hossein Hashemi, Massoud Kaykhaii, Ahmad Jamali Keikha, Mina Esmailiun

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this research, a fast and simple spectrophotometric method is presented for mitoxantrone determination in various aqueous samples. It utilizes preconcentration by salt saturated pipette-tip micro solid phase extraction with a selective molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbent packed in a micropipette tip. Prior to sample loading, they were saturated with a mixture of NaCl, Mg (NO3)2.6H2O and KNO3 salts, enhancing extraction efficiency by 27.5% compared to salt-free conditions. Key microextraction parameters (amount of molecularly imprinted polymer, sample pH, eluent type/volume, and adsorption/desorption cycles) were optimized using response surface methodology and one-variable-at-a-time methods. The method achieves a low detection limit (0.2 μg …

Removal Of Heavy Metal Iron(Ii) Ions From Wastewater Using An Ultrasonic System With Climbazole-Alcohol, Melek Gökmen Karakaya, Bahdi̇şen Gezer, Abdullah Menzek, Özlem Gündoğdu Aytaç

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Climbazole (CBZ) is an antifungal active pharmaceutical ingredient often used in antidandruff products. In this study, the ketone group in the racemic CBZ molecule was reduced to synthesize CBZ-alcohol, named 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol, and the optimum adsorption conditions were investigated for removing iron(II) (Fe2+) ions from wastewater by adsorption from aqueous solutions using the economical and environmentally friendly ultrasonic method. The parameters and levels used in the study were designed using response surface methodology and model equations were derived to optimize the results. The independent variables selected were the initial pH (1, 3, and 5), adsorption time (30, 45, and 60 min), …

Removal Of Ddt, Ddd, And Dde From Washing Extracts Of Contaminated Soil Using Polyaniline/Bagasse Composite Material, Hop Quang Nguyen, Bach Xuan Nguyen, Thien Quang Tran, Anh Van Nguyen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Polyaniline (PANi) was hybridized with a bagasse (BG) substrate to treat Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane compounds, which are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) causing environmental contamination. The PANi/bagasse (PA/BG) composite was synthesized using ammonium persulfate and sulfuric acid, achieving efficiencies ranging from 82.63% to 86.92% with different ratios of PANi monomer to BG. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The adsorption capacities of DDT, DDD, and DDE compounds were investigated under various conditions, including adsorbent type, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, and adsorbate concentration. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were …

Dispersive Micro Solid Phase Extraction Of Cadmium On Mil-53(Al)@Batio3 Nanocomposite From Seafood Samples, Mustafa Soylak, Eda Bora, Furkan Uzcan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This study’s main goal was to produce a user-friendly dispersive micro solid phase extraction (dmSPE) technique with a MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO3 nanocomposite for the extraction and preconcentration of cadmium (Cd) in various seafood matrices, followed by using high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-FAAS). The MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO3 nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using a range of techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The dmSPE technique involved the dispersion of the MIL-53(Al)@BaTiO3 material in the sample solution, followed by its separation from the sample matrix. The optimized method exhibited a …

Pt-Enhanced Wo3 Nanoparticles For Efficient Hydrogen Production: Synthesis And Electrochemical Evaluation, Merve Akbayrak

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, Pt/WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple room-temperature impregnation-reduction method and characterized by advanced techniques including ICP, TEM-EDX, FE-SEM-EDX, and XRD. The ICP-OES analysis confirmed a 1.0 wt. %Pt loading on the WO3 support. TEM and FE-SEM analyses revealed that the Pt nanoparticles were well dispersed with an average size of approximately 3.7 nm. The XRD patterns showed characteristic WO3 peaks without any detectable Pt diffraction peaks, indicating the high dispersion of Pt. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that the Pt/WO3 catalyst exhibited outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, with –27.8 mV vs. RHE onset potential and –37.4 mV …

Determination Of P53 Biomarker With A Smart Electrochemical Biosensor Based On Brush Polymer-Functionalized Disposable Electrode, Muhammet Aydin

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A label-less impedimetric biosensor modified with poly(thiophene)-graft-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer (PThi-g-PGM) was manufactured for p53 protein quantification in human serum samples. In this study, PThi-g-PGM polymer was synthesized, and this polymer matrix was coated using the spin-coating technique on the single-use indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate for anti-p53 antibody immobilization. The anti-p53 antibodies with high affinity for p53 proteins were covalently attached onto the PThi-g-PGM-coated electrode surface. In addition, the affinity of anti-p53 for the p53 protein was monitored at a constant frequency. Under optimized conditions, the impedimetric changes were linearly related to the p53 concentrations, ranging from 0.05 to 15 …

Highly Sensitive And Selective Detection Of Klk4 In Human Serum With A Low-Cost Electrochemical Biosensor, Eli̇f Burcu Aydin

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

An ultrasensitive impedimetric immunosensor was fabricated using a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) polymer-covered indium tin oxide (ITO) platform for the quantification of kallikrein 4 (KLK4), an important prostate cancer biomarker. PGMA had suitable biocompatibility and nontoxicity for loading of antiKLK4 antibodies on the ITO substrate surface. Anti-KLK4 biomolecules were directly attached to the PGMA-covered electrode surface via epoxy groups of the PGMA polymer. The preparation method for the PGMA matrix-modified electrode was simple and inexpensive. The proposed biosensor immobilization layers coated on the ITO electrode were characterized with electrochemical techniques. The experimental parameters that affect biosensor response were optimized, and the …

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Triglyceride Glucose Index And Metabolic And Hematological Parameters In Obese Individuals, Özge Baş Aksu, Feri̇de Özkara, Rifat Emral, Volkan Genç, Demet Çorapçioğlu, Mustafa Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This research examined the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and metabolic, hepatic, and hematologic variables in a population of severely obese subjects, with a focus on the assessment of glycemic control.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 315 adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m² who were evaluated for bariatric surgery. Participants were grouped according to HbA1c levels: those with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and those with HbA1c < 6.5%. TyG, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and hematological inflammation markers were assessed and compared between groups. To investigate associations, correlation and regression analyses were conducted.

Results: Individuals with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% had significantly higher TyG, AIP, APRI, and FIB-4 values than those with lower HbA1c. The TyG index showed a strong …