Digital Commons Network^™

An M-Star Model Of Dynamic, Endogenous Interdependence – A.K.A. Network-Behavior Coevolution – In The Social Sciences, Jude C. Hays, Aya Kachi, Robert J. Franzese

Working Papers

Spatial interdependence, the interdependence of outcomes across units, is theoretically and substantively ubiquitous and central across the social sciences. The empirical clustering of outcomes on some dimension(s), spatial association, is also obvious in most contexts. However, outcomes may exhibit spatial association for three distinct reasons. Units may be responding similarly to similar exposure to similar exogenous internal/domestic or external/foreign stimuli (common exposure), and/or units’ responses may depend on others’ responses (contagion). A third possibility arises when the putative outcome affects the variable along which clustering occurs (selection: e.g., homophily). Severe empirical difficulties confront the accurate estimation and distinction of these …

Risk Reduction When Society Uses The Environment, Shirley Laska

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

No abstract provided.

Optical Pulsars And Black Arrows: Discoveries As Occasioned Productions, Timothy Koschmann, Alan Zemel

Publications

The current paper represents a methodological proposal. It seeks to address the question of how one might recognize a discovery as a discovery without knowing in advance what is available to be discovered. We propose a solution and demonstrate it using data from a study previously reported by Roschelle (1992). Roschelle investigated two students’ discovery of certain abstract features of Newtonian mechanics while working within a computer-based microworld, the Envisioning Machine. We employ an approach we term discovery-as-occasioned-production to re-examine his data. Such an approach proceeds stepwise from the identification of some matter discovered, working backwards to see just where …

The Effects Of Christian Religiosity On Support For The Death Penalty Versus Life Without Parole, Kevin Wozniak

Working Papers

While numerous scholars have examined the relationship between individuals’ Christian religiosity and their support for the death penalty, empirical tests of this relationship show mixed results. In this paper, I argue that past empirical inconsistencies may be due to measurement error in the religious variables and dependent variable. Using the Fourth National Survey of Religion and Politics, I test the effects of individuals’ religious belonging, beliefs, and behaviors on their preference for replacing the death penalty with a sentence of life without parole. I find that Roman Catholic affiliation, Biblical literalism, and more frequent practice of religious behaviors affect support …

Race, Religion, And Opposition To Same-Sex Marriage, Darren E. Sherkat, Kylan M. De Vries, Stacia Creek

Working Papers

Objective: We examine racial differences in support for same sex marriage, and test whether the emerging black-white gap is a function of religiosity. We explore how religious factors play a crucial role in racial differences, and how secular factors have varying effects on attitudes for whites and African Americans. Methods: Using data from the General Social Surveys, we estimate ordinal logistic regression models and stacked structural equation models. Results: We show that the racial divide is a function of African Americans’ ties to sectarian Protestant religious denominations and high rates of church attendance. We also show racial differences in the …

Divine Intervention? The Influence Of Religious Values On Support For U.S. Intervention, Paul Djupe, Brian Calfano

Working Papers

No abstract provided.

The Social Utility Of Informal Institutions: Caucuses As Networks In The 110th United States House Of Representatives, Jennifer N. Victor, Nils Ringe

Working Papers

This paper challenges the existing state-of-knowledge about legislative caucuses by arguing that the caucus system reflects and reinforces formal organizing institutions, such as parties and committees, rather than counterbalancing them. We argue that legislators engage in the caucus system in order to maximize the social utility of their relationships. Using a social network framework, we develop and test hypotheses that seek to ascertain the types of legislators that benefit most from the caucus network. We collect data on the complete population of caucuses and their members from the first session of the 110th U.S. House of Representatives and conduct social …

Partisan Webs: Information Exchange And Party Networks, Gregory Koger, Seth Masket, Hans C. Noel

Working Papers

What is a party? We argue that the formal party apparatus is only one part of an extended network of interest groups, media, 527s, and candidates. We systematically measure a portion of this network by tracking transfers of names between political organizations. Our analysis reveals two distinct and polarized networks corresponding to a more liberal Democratic group and a more conservative Republican group. Formal party organizations, like the Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee, tend to receive information within their respective networks, which suggests that other groups serve to funnel information toward the formal party.

Social Networks And Correct Voting, Scott D. Mcclurg, Anand E. Sokhey

Working Papers

Decades of research suggest that social interaction influences opinion formation and affects voting behavior. However, recent work concerning the nexus between deliberation and democratic practice--particularly in the American context--has re-focused attention on the normative consequences of socially-driven political behavior. Among the most common criticisms of interpersonal networks are that most people have very insular social circles, and that when they do not they are unlikely to engage in politics. In this paper we provide evidence that such pessimistic assessments are unwarranted, though for somewhat unexpected reasons. Using data from the American Component of the 1992 Cross-National Election Project and the …

Open Elite? Social Mobility, Marriage And Family In Florence, 1282-1494, John F. Padgett

Working Papers

Despite the wealth of quantifiable material in the Florentine archives, historians have not in large numbers followed the path-breaking lead of Herlihy and Klapisch-Zuber in analyzing these archival materials from a statistical point of view. Exceptions include Cohn, Weissman, Molho, Litchfield, Barbagli, Padgett, McLean, Emigh, and Botticini.

Statistical methods remain invaluable tools, however, for answering a variety of historiographical questions, including the social-history ones in which Herlihy was

interested. What were the family structures in Renaissance Florence, for various categories of people? What were the logics of intermarriage among these families? How

much social mobility was there in Renaissance Florence? …

2009

Undergraduate Research at SIUC

No abstract provided.

College Of Education And Human Services Southern Illinois University Carbondale: International Activities 2004-2010, Kenneth Teitelbaum, Dale Ritzer

Presentations

No abstract provided.

“He Would Kill Me With His Penis”: Genocidal Rape In Rwanda As A State Crime, Christopher W. Mullins

Articles

Only recently have critical criminologists begun a systematic exploration of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity as state crimes (Kramer and Michalowski 2005; Mullins and Rothe 2008; Haveman and Smeulers 2008). This paper contributes to that growing literature through examining the nature and dynamics of sexual violence as it occurred during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. It draws upon empirical examination of events depicted in transcripts of trials held before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. It qualitatively examines the role of leaders in producing mass sexual assaults. It explores how sexual mutilations were more intense expressions of what the …

Toward A Criminology Of International Criminal Law: An Integrated Theory Of International Criminal Violations, Dawn L. Rothe, Christopher W. Mullins

Articles

Violations of international criminal law (i.e., genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes) are a common occurrence around the globe. One need only to read international news, visit intra‐governmental (e.g., United Nations or the International Committee Red Cross), or nongovernmental organizations (e.g., Human Rights Watch or Amnesty International) to be exposed to the vast numbers of crimes of states, paramilitaries, and/or militias. Nonetheless, there has been relatively little attention paid to these types of offenses by criminologists. While there have been developments in creating typologies (Smeulers, 2008) and predictive models for genocide (Harf, 2005), due to the complexities and various …

2009-2010 Southern Illinois University Bulletin Carbondale Campus (Undergraduate Catalog), Southern Illinois University Carbondale

SIU Bulletins and Course Catalogs Archives

No abstract provided.

The Coevolution Of Networks And Political Attitudes, David Lazer, Brian Rubineau, Carol Chetkovich, Nancy Katz, Michael Neblo

Working Papers

How do attitudes and social affiliations co-evolve? A long stream of research has focused on the relationship between attitudes and social affiliations. However, in most of this research the causal relationship between views and affiliations is difficult to discern definitively: Do people influence each other’s views so that they converge over time or do they primarily affiliate (by choice or happenstance) with those of similar views? Here we use longitudinal attitudinal and whole network data collected at critical times (notably, at the inception of the system) to identify robustly the determinants of attitudes and affiliations. We find significant conformity tendencies: …

Economic Credit In Renaissance Florence, John Padgett, Paul D. Mclean

Working Papers

What were the social and institutional factors that led to, and reinforced, the

precocious emergence of Florentine commercial capitalism,3 especially in the domain of

international merchant-banking? The dominant stream of answers, emphasized by

economic historians and by economists, focuses on the invention in late-medieval and

Renaissance Italy of a variety of innovative business techniques – bills of exchange,

double-entry bookkeeping, partnership contracts, commercial courts. If these impressive

organizational inventions are interpreted as facets of a broader rise of impersonal market

rationality, then a tension emerges in Florentine, and indeed in European, historiography

between economic historians and the work of social …

The Lasting Effect Of Civic Talk On Civic Participation: Evidence From A Panel Study, Casey A. Klofstad

Working Papers

Extant research shows that individuals who discuss politics and current events with their peers also participate more actively in civil society. However, this correlation is not sufficient evidence of causation due to a number of analytical biases. To address this problem, data were collected through a panel study conducted on students at a large public university in the Midwestern United States. These data show that discussing politics and current events caused these students to participate in civic activities during their first year of college. A follow-up study conducted on the same population during their fourth year of college shows that …

Healing The Rift? Social Networks And Reconciliation Between Obama And Clinton Delegates In 2008, Michael Heaney, Seth Masket, Joanne Miller, Dara Strolovich

Working Papers

Which factors allowed the Democratic Party to heal the rift created by the 2008 presidential nominating campaign? Using original data from surveys of 449 pledged delegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention, this research examines the conditions under which the delegates for one candidate embrace the opposing candidate. Specifically, when do delegates for Barack Obama embrace Hillary Clinton, and vice versa? The results demonstrate that Clinton delegates’ network centrality in the convention caucus network exacerbates, rather than heals, the rift in the party. Clinton delegates’ friendship networks perpetuate the rift when they are homophilous, but contribute to healing when they …

Good Edge, Bad Edge: How Network Structure Affects A Group’S Ability To Coordinate, Daniel P. Enemark, Mathew D. Mccubbins, Ramamohan Paturi, Nicholas Weller

Working Papers

Coordination is a core concern in social science. Problems as diverse as deciding where to go to dinner, what price to charge for a good or service, which political candidate to support or what regulatory policy to adopt all contain coordination as a core element. Most coordination problems arise among actors connected in a network, and these connections can both improve and impede a group’s ability to achieve coordination. To model how links influence coordination we distinguish between “constraining edges” that make coordination harder by reducing the number of equilibrium outcomes, and “redundant edges” that make coordination easier by merely …

Volumes 4 And 5

McNair Scholars Journal

No abstract provided.

The Prospects For Cyberocracy (Revisited), David Ronfeldt, Danielle Varda

Working Papers

The deepening of the information age will alter the nature of the state so thoroughly that something new emerges: "cyberocracy." While it is too early to say precisely what a cyberocracy will look like, the outcomes will include new kinds of democratic, totalitarian, and hybrid governments, along with new kinds of state-society relations. Thus, optimism about the information revolution should be tempered by an anticipation of its potential dark side. This paper reiterates the view of the cyberocracy concept as first stated in 1992, and then offers a postscript for 2008. It speculates that information-age societies will develop new sensory …

December 2008 (Vol.32, No.12)

Research Matters

No abstract provided.

Ethnobotanical Observation On Tuberous Plants From Tribal Area Of Rajasthan (India), Shweta Swarnkar, S. S. Katewa

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The present paper gives an account of 42 tuberous plants of Ethnobotanical interest from Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. Main tribes inhabiting the study area are Bhil, Meena, Garasia, Damor and Kathodi. These tribes use the tuberous plants for various purposes in their daily life. Health, vitality and longevity enjoyed by the tribals have been attributed by them to these wild tuberous plants. On account of environmental changes and lack of insight of conservation of tuberous plants, many of them have become rare, threatened and endangered. If proper attention is not given, extinction of these plant species is certain and this …

September 2008 (Vol. 35, No.9)

Research Matters

No abstract provided.

The Daily Egyptian Back To Summer (A), August, 2008, Daily Egyptian Staff

August 2008

No abstract provided.

The Daily Egyptian, July 31, 2008, Daily Egyptian Staff

July 2008

No abstract provided.

Educating Future Water Resources Managers, Daniel P. Loucks

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

No abstract provided.

The Graduate Water Program At Texas A&M University, Ronald Kaiser

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

No abstract provided.

The Daily Egyptian, June 19, 2008, Daily Egyptian Staff

June 2008

No abstract provided.