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Southern Illinois University Carbondale

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Distribution Of Steroid-Like Compounds In Plant Flora, Amrit Pal Singh, A. S. Sandhu Jan 2005

Distribution Of Steroid-Like Compounds In Plant Flora, Amrit Pal Singh, A. S. Sandhu

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Medicinal herbs constitute an effective source of traditional (Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathy) and modern medicine. The plant is a biosynthetic laboratory, not only for chemical compounds, but also a multitude of compounds like glycosides, alkaloids etc. These exert physiological and therapeutic effect. The compounds that are responsible for medicinal property of the drug are usually secondary metabolites. Alkaloids, glycosides, neutral principles, resins, oleoresins, sesquiterpene lactones are some of the common active constituents of medicinal herbs. The article reviews distribution of steroid like compounds and their pharmacological importance.

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Potential And Market Status Of Mushrooms As Non-Timber Forest Products In Pakistan, Abdul Latif, Zabta Khan Shinwari, Shaheen Begum Jan 2005

Potential And Market Status Of Mushrooms As Non-Timber Forest Products In Pakistan, Abdul Latif, Zabta Khan Shinwari, Shaheen Begum

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The total area covered by forest in Pakistan is 4.8%. Forest resources directly contribute to 80% of livelihood of people living in extreme poverty. Important Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are: morels, honey, fruits and nuts, vegetable, condiments and spices, mazri palm, silk cocoon, and many other. 17 species of mushrooms are reported during the study and about 34% of local people are dependent on NTFPs for income generation from these products. Local people rely on their indigenous knowledge for collection, processing, packing, drying, marketing and consumption of various NTFPs, especially mushrooms. Mushrooms, after collection and processing, are sold to the …

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Hypericin: A Napthodianthrone From Hypericum Perforatum, Amrit Pal Singh Jan 2005

Hypericin: A Napthodianthrone From Hypericum Perforatum, Amrit Pal Singh

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Hypericin is a substance isolated from a medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John’s Wort. Hypericin belongs to group of compound known as napthodianthrones. Hypericin is a secondary plant metabolite of St.John’s Wort and the amount of Hypericin strongly depend upon the source of the plant material. Initially Hypericin was considered to be the antidepressant principle of Hypericum perforatum, but according to latest research Hyperforin has emerged as antidepressant principle of the herb. Hypericin is used as standard for identification of genuine plant material and thus has importance from quality control point of view. The standardization …

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Ethnobotanical Studies Of Some Useful Shrubs And Trees Of District Buner, Nwfp, Pakistan, Muhammad Hamayun Jan 2005

Ethnobotanical Studies Of Some Useful Shrubs And Trees Of District Buner, Nwfp, Pakistan, Muhammad Hamayun

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The present study was carried out to assess and document ethnobotanical knowledge of shrubs and trees of District Buner as the area has diverse flora and high ethnobotanical potential. It was found that 94 different plant species are used for medicinal, timber, fuel wood, fodder, ornamental, agricultural tools, thatching, fencing, naming (folklore) and fruit yielding purposes. Bulk of plant species show multiple uses like Juglans regia wood is used for making furniture, gun woody parts, carving and as fuel. Root bark (Dandasa) is used for cleaning and sparkling teeth. Leaves are used by womenfolk for coloring lips (make-up). Nuts are …

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The Role Of Natural Products In Pharmacotherapy Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Amrit Pal Singh Jan 2005

The Role Of Natural Products In Pharmacotherapy Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Amrit Pal Singh

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by forgetfulness, disturbance in memory and loss of mental abilities. The final outcome of the disease is loss of personality and intellectual functions. Alzheimer’s disease is common cause of dementia particularly after the age of 70 years. Cholinesterase inhibitors are used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia, but due to unpleasant side effect, these groups of drugs can not be used for long term treatment. Phyto drugs are being investigated for possible cure of Alzheimer’s disease. A number of constituents like Galanthamine, Huperzine, Hyperforin, and Desoxy-peganine have shown promising result. Some Ayurvedic herbs like Bacopa monneria …

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Pharmacological Considerations Of Tylophora Asthmatica, Amrit Pal Singh Jan 2005

Pharmacological Considerations Of Tylophora Asthmatica, Amrit Pal Singh

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Tylophora asthmatica has recently been included as one of the important drugs from natural sources for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Clinical studies have shown effectiveness of the drug in bronchial asthma and thus modern research upholds the ancient claims of traditional medicine. This article reviews the various scientific studies and tries to analyze the current status of Tylophora asthmatica in bronchial asthma.

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Comparison In Various Bioactive Compounds Of Leaves And Seeds Of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill., Muhammad Gulfraz Et Al. Jan 2005

Comparison In Various Bioactive Compounds Of Leaves And Seeds Of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill., Muhammad Gulfraz Et Al.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Medicinal plants a gift of nature are being used against various infections and diseases in the subcontinent since past history. Herbs were use as food ( vegetables ) and flavors for hundred of years in many parts of world. Whereas number of herbs have also been traditionally regarded as natural remedies for common ailments of human population. Furthermore some herbal plants are considered as house of medicines and played an important role in nearly every culture on earth, including Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. A study was conducted to analyze the leaves and seeds of Foeniculum vulgare for different …

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Adhatoda Vasica: Therapeutic Monograph, Amrit Pal Singh Jan 2005

Adhatoda Vasica: Therapeutic Monograph, Amrit Pal Singh

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Vasaka is a common shrub distributed throughout India. In Ayurveda, the ancient system of Indian medicine, it is commonly known as vasa. It commonly grows in waste places. The medicinal value of the medicinal herb has been mentioned in old texts. It is household remedy for various disorders. Charaka Samhita has classified the drug under mucolytic and expectorant drugs.

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Hepatotprotective Natural Products, Samir Malhotra, Amrit Pal Singh Jan 2005

Hepatotprotective Natural Products, Samir Malhotra, Amrit Pal Singh

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Medicinal herbs are significant source of pharmaceutical drugs. Latest trends have shown increasing demand of phytodrugs and some medicinal herbs have proven hepatotprotective potential. Silymarin, a flavonol lignan mixture) extracted from the Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a popular remedy for hepatic diseases. Today every herbal company is marketing formulations for liver disorders but the actual scene is that only selected medicinal herbs have been tested for hepatotprotective activity. Some herbal formulations claiming to be hepatoprotective may actually contain chemical constituents having hepatotoxic potential. Andrographolide (Andrographis paniculata), Glycyrrhizin (Glychyrrhiza glabra), Picrrorihzin (Picrorrhiza kurroa) and …

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Type 3 Functional Response Of Mice To Gypsy Moth Pupae: Is It Stabilizing?, Eric M. Schauber, Richard S. Ostfeld, Clive G. Jones Dec 2004

Type 3 Functional Response Of Mice To Gypsy Moth Pupae: Is It Stabilizing?, Eric M. Schauber, Richard S. Ostfeld, Clive G. Jones

Publications

We conducted field experiments in 2002 and 2003 to determine whether the functional response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus ) to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar ) pupae is decelerating (e.g. type 2) or accelerating (e.g. type 3) at low pupal density. In both experiments, live gypsy moth pupae were deployed in June (prior to the appearance of natural pupae) at densities of approximately 1, 8, and 35 pupae per mouse home range in oak-forest grids in upstate New York and monitored over 10 days for signs of predation. Pupae were deployed 1.5-m high on tree boles in 2002, whereas in …

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"Science" Of Eugenics?, Madonna Spann Dec 2004

"Science" Of Eugenics?, Madonna Spann

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Dental Anomalies In Two Species Of Canids: Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) And Gray Fox (Urocyon Cinereoargenteus), Teresa Gisburne Dec 2004

Dental Anomalies In Two Species Of Canids: Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) And Gray Fox (Urocyon Cinereoargenteus), Teresa Gisburne

Honors Theses

Samples of 510 gray fox and 150 red fox from southern Illinois were examined for the presence of congenital dental abnormalities. Anomalies were found in 177 gray fox (34.7%) and 25 red fox (16.6%). The most frequent anomalies were oligodonty in both species. The major case of oligodonty was in m3. Anomalies affecting the placement of the tooth (rotations, misalignments) were the next most prominent abnormalities observed. One red fox showed polydonty, and two gray fox showed varying degrees of connation. Other anomalies were seen infrequently. The results from the red fox population are consistent with previous studies; however, the …

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Widespread Consumption-Dependent Systematic Error In Fish Bioenergetics Models And Its Implications, Przemyslaw G. Bajer, Gregory W. Whitledge, Robert S. Hayward Nov 2004

Widespread Consumption-Dependent Systematic Error In Fish Bioenergetics Models And Its Implications, Przemyslaw G. Bajer, Gregory W. Whitledge, Robert S. Hayward

Publications

Data from laboratory evaluations of seven fish bioenergetics models (BEMs) were used to investigate possible associations between BEM prediction error in relative growth rate (RGRerror) and levels of model input variables: mean daily food-consumption rate and fish body weight. Correlation between RGRerror and fish body weight was found in three BEMs applied under submaintenance feeding conditions. A strong correlation between RGRerror and mean daily consumption level was observed in all models over full consumption ranges; consumption level explained 70%–96% of variation in RGRerror. All BEMs underestimated (by 2- to 5-fold) growth at lower consumption levels and overestimated (by 2- to …

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Comparison Of Bluegill Consumption Rates By Largemouth Bass And Sunshine Bass In Structured And Nonstructured Artificial Environments, Christopher W. Hickey, Christopher C. Kohler Nov 2004

Comparison Of Bluegill Consumption Rates By Largemouth Bass And Sunshine Bass In Structured And Nonstructured Artificial Environments, Christopher W. Hickey, Christopher C. Kohler

Publications

We compared consumption rates of bluegills Lepomis macrochirus by largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) in structured (about 50% coverage with artificial vegetation) and nonstructured 2,000-L fiberglass tanks. In the presence of structure, instantaneous bluegill mortality from consumption by largemouth bass was significantly higher than that caused by sunshine bass but was similar when structure was absent. Instantaneous bluegill mortality from consumption by wild largemouth bass was significantly higher than by pellet-trained largemouth bass in both structured and nonstructured environments. When pellet-trained sunshine bass served as the predator, …

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Phylogenetic Inference In Rafflesiales: The Influence Of Rate Heterogeneity And Horizontal Gene Transfer, Daniel L Nickrent, Albert Blarer, Yin-Long Qiu, Romina Vidal-Russell, Frank E Anderson Oct 2004

Phylogenetic Inference In Rafflesiales: The Influence Of Rate Heterogeneity And Horizontal Gene Transfer, Daniel L Nickrent, Albert Blarer, Yin-Long Qiu, Romina Vidal-Russell, Frank E Anderson

Publications

The phylogenetic relationships among the holoparasites of Rafflesiales have remained enigmatic for over a century. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies using the mitochondrial matR gene placed Rafflesia, Rhizanthes and Sapria (Rafflesiaceae s. str.) in the angiosperm order Malpighiales and Mitrastema (Mitrastemonaceae) in Ericales. These phylogenetic studies did not, however, sample two additional groups traditionally classified within Rafflesiales (Apodantheaceae and Cytinaceae). Here we provide molecular phylogenetic evidence using DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes for representatives of all genera in Rafflesiales. RESULTS: Our analyses indicate that the phylogenetic affinities of the large-flowered clade and Mitrastema, ascertained using mitochondrial matR, are …

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Fall 2004 Oct 2004

Fall 2004

Perspectives

No abstract provided.

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Energetics, Predation, And Ration Affect Size-Dependent Growth And Mortality Of Fish During Winter, James E. Garvey, Kenneth G. Ostrand, David H. Wahl Oct 2004

Energetics, Predation, And Ration Affect Size-Dependent Growth And Mortality Of Fish During Winter, James E. Garvey, Kenneth G. Ostrand, David H. Wahl

Publications

Winter temperatures may reduce energy costs for ectotherms. However, variable mid-temperate and low-latitude winters may interact with scaling of size, metabolism, and energy reserves to cause energy deficits and require trade-offs between foraging and predation. A dynamic optimization model explored how ration, fall fat, and both non- and size-selective predation influenced foraging (i.e., fast or forage) and energy allocation (i.e., length or fat) decisions that maximize winter survival of age-0 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). During a mid-latitude (38° N) winter, a pond experiment in which age-0 fish occurred with or without adult conspecific predators tested a subset of …

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Southern Alumni, Siu Alumni Association Sep 2004

Southern Alumni, Siu Alumni Association

SIU Alumni Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Paternity And Relatedness Of American Black Bears Recolonizing A Desert Montane Island, Dave P. Onorato, Eric C. Hellgren, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche, J. Raymond Skiles, Jr. Aug 2004

Paternity And Relatedness Of American Black Bears Recolonizing A Desert Montane Island, Dave P. Onorato, Eric C. Hellgren, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche, J. Raymond Skiles, Jr.

Publications

American black bears (Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780)) are characterized by female philopatry and malebiased dispersal, with predictable consequences for genetic structure of populations. We studied a recolonizing population of black bears on a desert montane island to test genetic-based predictions of bear social behavior. We assessed genetic paternity and relatedness among bears within Big Bend National Park, Texas, from 1998 to 2001 via maternally and biparentally inherited markers and field observations. Data from seven microsatellite loci permitted us to assign paternity for 7 of 12 cubs, and multiple paternity was revealed in one litter. Levels of relatedness in the …

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Relative Foraging Value To Lesser Scaup Ducks Of Native And Exotic Clams From San Francisco Bay, Samantha E. Richman, James R. Lovvorn Aug 2004

Relative Foraging Value To Lesser Scaup Ducks Of Native And Exotic Clams From San Francisco Bay, Samantha E. Richman, James R. Lovvorn

Publications

Invasions of exotic invertebrates have greatly altered many aquatic communities, but impacts on the foraging energetics of predators seldom have been assessed. In San Francisco Bay, California (USA), a major community change occurred with introduction of the Asian clam (Potamocorbula amurensis) in 1986. This species now greatly outnumbers the previous clam prey of a variety of sharks, rays, sturgeon, flatfish, and crabs, as well as several diving duck species for which the bay is the most important wintering area on the U.S. Pacific Coast. P. amurensis also accumulates much higher levels of some contaminants than the formerly dominant …

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Challenges To Water Resources Sustainability In Florida, Delfino, Heaney Jul 2004

Challenges To Water Resources Sustainability In Florida, Delfino, Heaney

2004

No abstract provided.

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Assessing Stakeholder Perceptions About A Proposed Method To Prioritize Watersheds For Environmental Restoration, Jensen, Jones, Srinivasan, Jacobs Jul 2004

Assessing Stakeholder Perceptions About A Proposed Method To Prioritize Watersheds For Environmental Restoration, Jensen, Jones, Srinivasan, Jacobs

2004

No abstract provided.

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Multi-Resolution Integrated Modeling For Basin-Scale Water Resources Management And Policy Analysis, Gupta Jul 2004

Multi-Resolution Integrated Modeling For Basin-Scale Water Resources Management And Policy Analysis, Gupta

2004

No abstract provided.

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Usda - Csrees National Water Quality Program: Applying Knowledge To Improve Water Quality, Walker Jul 2004

Usda - Csrees National Water Quality Program: Applying Knowledge To Improve Water Quality, Walker

2004

No abstract provided.

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Estimation Of The Use And Non-Use Of The Agmon: A Tcm And Cvm Approach, Becker Jul 2004

Estimation Of The Use And Non-Use Of The Agmon: A Tcm And Cvm Approach, Becker

2004

No abstract provided.

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The Cold War's "Undigested Apple Dumpling': Imaging Moby-Dick In 1956 And 2001, Walter C. Metz Jul 2004

The Cold War's "Undigested Apple Dumpling': Imaging Moby-Dick In 1956 And 2001, Walter C. Metz

Publications

A survey of the intertextual linkages between Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851) and the cinema, with special attention to the Cold War period.

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An Integrated Analysis Of Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices: A Middle Sicán Case Study, Izumi Shimada, Ken-Ichi Shinoda, Julie Farnum, Robert Corruccini, Hirokatsu Watanabe Jun 2004

An Integrated Analysis Of Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices: A Middle Sicán Case Study, Izumi Shimada, Ken-Ichi Shinoda, Julie Farnum, Robert Corruccini, Hirokatsu Watanabe

Publications

Recent debate has raised serious questions about the viability of the social and ideological reconstruction of prehistoric culture on the basis of mortuary analysis. In recent years bioarchaeology has gained considerable prominence, underscoring the fact that death, burials, and associated mortuary practices are multifaceted phenomena shaped by biological, social, ideological, and taphonomic factors. Few studies attempting social reconstruction through mortuary analysis, including those of a bioarchaeological character, have adequately addressed this multidimensionality. This study shows that social, ideological, and bioarchaeological reconstruction can be productively pursued through tight integration of a multitude of approaches and perspectives set within a long‐term regional …

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Southern Alumni, Siu Alumni Association Jun 2004

Southern Alumni, Siu Alumni Association

SIU Alumni Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Sucrose Supplementation On Sexual Maturation And Reproductive Functions Of Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mice, Besiana Liti May 2004

Effects Of Sucrose Supplementation On Sexual Maturation And Reproductive Functions Of Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout Mice, Besiana Liti

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Nutraceuticals, Jodi Miller May 2004

Nutraceuticals, Jodi Miller

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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