Digital Commons Network^™

Estimating Alfalfa Quality In The Field, Vance N. Owens

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Knowledge of alfalfa nutritive value is essential for making informed forage management decisions in alfalfa-based livestock production systems. However, most harvest management and storage decisions are made with no chemical composition information because obtaining analytical data is time consuming and expensive. The quality of forage needed for a particular operation is influenced by the intended use of the forage and by the dietary requirements of a given class of livestock. The detergent fiber system of forage analysis (neutral detergent fiber, NDF; and acid detergent fiber, ADF) coupled with a measure of crude protein (CP) provide vital information for balancing rations …

Use A Microwave Oven To Determine Moisture Content Of Forages, Edward K. Twidwell, John J. Wagner, Nancy J. Thiex

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Knowing the moisture content of forages at the time of harvest and storage is essential for making and preserving high-quality hay and silage. Knowing the moisture content of stored forages is important for accurate ration formulation. A squeeze test, which involves squeezing forage into a ball and then guessing the moisture content, is a common method of determination. This method is rapid, but it lacks precision. Resistance-type moisture testers estimate moisture as a measure of electrical resistance. These devices provide estimates rapidly, but they usually are expensive (about $100 to $150) and vary in accuracy. A portable, electric drying unit …

Canola Production, Kathleen Grady

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Canola is an edible form of rapeseed developed by Canadian plant breeders in the 1970s. Rapeseed and canola are members of the mustard family, which also includes tame and wild mustard, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and turnip. The term “canola” was registered in 1979 by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association as the name for rapeseed varieties with genetically modified oil composition and lowered glucosinolates. Canola varieties must have less than 2% erucic acid in the processed oil and less than 30 micromoles of glucosinolates per gram of oil-free meal. The lowered levels of these two seed components enable the oil …

Forage Yield And Quality Of Multileaflet Alfalfa, Edward K. Twidwell, Nancy J. Thiex, John L. Skogberg

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

There has been interest among private companies in the past five years in producing multifoliolate or “multileaflet” alfalfa varieties. Conventional varieties have only three leaflets per leaf while multileaflet varieties may have plants that possess five, seven, or even nine leaflets per leaf. Although the multileaf trait of alfalfa has been known for more than 50 years, research has been limited. Recent interest has led to the development of about 10 multileaflet varieties. The promotion of these varieties has generated interest among forage and livestock producers in the potential benefits of these varieties over conventional varieties.

Does International Trade Hold Profit Potential For The U.S. Dairy Industry?, Donald L. Peterson

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

South Dakota State University One Hundred-Sixteenth Annual Commencement, May 4, 2002, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the individuals listed in the program do not represent official confirmation of meeting the graduation requirements. The 116th Annual Commencement ceremony will commence with introductions by University President Peggy Gordon Miller. Honorary marshals for the event are D. Marge J. Hegge, Distinguished Professor of Nursing, Director of Academic Evaluation and Assessment, Title III Coordinator, and Bush Project Director, along with Dr. A. Lowell Slyter, Professor Emeritus of Animal and Range Sciences. Delivering the commencement address, titled "Search for Meaning Along Life's Journey," will be Tamara R. Gardner, a candidate for graduation. Dr. Carol J. Peterson will …

Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Lean growth potential is currently used to typify pigs when designing nutritional programs The most common method of estimating lean growth type is by measuring gain over the growth-finsih period and obtaining carcass information for the pigs evaluated. This information is placed in a model to calculate lean gain/day. Excess protein is fed to ensure that the genetic potential for lean gain per day is not limited by nutrition. The data reported herein are the results of determining the lean growth potential of the SDSU research herd in 1992 with pigs fed two different protein regimens.

Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

For every stage of growth, pigs have a requirement for essential amino acids provided in a specific ratio and for additional nitrogen provided as amino acids or other nitrogen sources to allow synthesis of nonessential amino acids. The typical manner of balancing swin diets has involved supplying several traditional feed ingredients in a ratio in the diet that meets the required level of the most limiting amino acid leaving excesses of most other amino acids. With this method, considerable nitrogen above that needed for nonessential amino acid synthesis is provided and excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea. …

Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

It is generally thought that pigs eat to satisfy their demand for energy and the amount of feed consumed is dependent on the energy density of the diet. Therefore, the amount of feed consumed when an energy-dense diet is fed will be lower than when a low energy diet is fed. Protein is the nutrient that is most frequently adjusted as energy density in the diet is changed. Energy intake influences the rates of deposition of lean and fat tissue. Nitrogen accretion is generally limited by voluntary intake of energy for pigs weighing less than 50 kg but not for …

Effects Of Feeding Diets Formulated With Amino Acid Profiles Intended For High-, Medium-, And Low-Lean Gain Pigs On The Performance Of Medium-Lean Gain Pigs, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

The University of Nebraka and South Dakota State University published a Swine Nutrition Guide with nutrient recommendations for pigs in a four-phase feeding system for 20 to 114 kg. The recommendations utilized the concepts of split sex feeding, ideal protein profile relative to lysine, and reduction of nitrogen excretion by lowering the total protein content of the diet with dietary supplementation with economically available amino acids The research reported in this paper was an attempt to evaluate the consequences of feeding diets formulated for three lean groth genotypes to pigs of the medium-lean growth type.

The Effect Of Diet And Oral Antibiotic Therapy On Immune Function And Productivity In Young Pigs, C.C.L. Chase, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler, T.E. Lucas

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Medicated early weaning programs have been shown to be an excellent method to control disease incidence in the young pig. Additional research by Dritz, et al1, showed that early weaning at 7-10 days without medication resulted in significant weight gains over conventional weaning at 14-17 days. We were interested in the effects of low levels of conventional water and feed grade antibiotic tratments on performance and immunological parameters of the young pig in a commercial operation. Previously, we had tested this treatment at a research facility and had shown increased production and a decreased polyclonal immunological response in the reated …

2001 South Dakota State University Swine Research Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

This is the complete 2001 Swine Research Report issued by the Department of Animal and Range Sciences.

Effect Of Body Fat Measurement At Breeding And Gestation Energy Level On Farrowing And Lactation Performance Of First Parity Sows, G.W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Records kept by the swine industry reveal that a large precentage of females entering the sow herd are culled prior to reaching their peak reproductive performance expected in their fourth to sixth parity. In herds with low replacement rates over 30% of the females are culled and in herds with high replacement rates this figure exceeds 50% annually. Of those sows not culled for health or structural problems, most are removed because they fail to return to estrus or fail to maintain pregnancy after their first or second litter. Low feed intake and excessive weight loss during lactation have been …

Effect Of Nutrient Deletion From Lactation Diets On Feed Consumption And Weight Change Of Sows Intended To Be Culled And On Litter Performance During Lactation And Subsequent Nursery Phase, G.W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Sows that are destined to be culled from the herd need only produce milk to support adequate litter growth during the last lactation and need not maintain nutrient stores to support subsequent reproduction processes. Most reduction in lactation performance has been associated with nutrient deficiencies during the gestation period, not nutrient deficiences during lactation. Supplemental sources of trace minerals, vitamins, and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) add cost to the lactation diet. If lactation performance is not affected by nutrient reduction, considerable feed savings could be realized for sows to be culled. Pig performance after weaning is also of concern. …

Field Peas Can Be Included In The Phase 2 Diet For Nursery Pigs Without Adverse Effects On Pig Performance, H.H. Stein

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Field peas are usually not included in diets for nursery pigs in the US. However, European and Canadian data suggest that field peas may be included in diets for nursery pigs without compromising pig performance (Stefanyshyn et al., 1999). So far, only little research has been conducted in the US to evaluate the effect of including field peas in diets for nursery pigs. Landblom and Poland (1996) reported decreased pig performance if 30 to 50% field peas were included in phase 1 diets for nursery pigs. However, working with extruded peas, they reported no detrimental effects of feeding 20% peas …

The Effects Of Oral Antibiotic Therapy On Productivity And Immune Function Following Challenge With E. Coli And Rotavirus, C.C.L. Chase, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler

South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001

Early weaning programs have been aimed at the control and elimination of respiratory infections in the young pig. Segregation from their dams at less than 21 days, batch rearing with all-in and all-out by room, building, or site, and proper biosecurity (cleaning, disinfecting, and quarantine) are mandatory to implement early weaning programs1. Early weaning with all its components gives a tremendous economic advantage to those who use this technology. This technology however does not come without a cost. This requires necessary building sites, scheduling and a high level of management. Enteric infections such as neonatal coccidiosis and post weaning diarrhea …

Forage Nitrate Poisoning, O. E. Olson, R. J. Emerick, E. I. Whitehead

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

No abstract provided.

2002 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Feeding Kochia To South Dakota Livestock - Kochia Scopana —Fireweed, Burning Bush, Summer Cypress, Mexican Fireweed, Tumbleweed, And Dakota Alfalfa, John U. Thomson, Edward K. Twidwell, Regg D. Neiger

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Kochia scoparia has been put up as hay for many years as an alternate feed for South Dakota livestock. Frequently, it is mixed with other hay or silage during winter feeding periods. The quality of kochia forage is extremely variable, however, and in certain situations kochia causes livestock poisoning. Many unknowns exist, so use caution when feeding this plant to livestock.

Impact Of Technology On Meat Safety, D. L. Boggs, J. R. Males, R. C. Thaler, J. J. Wagner

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Innovations and new technologies tend to create apprehension among consumers who are not familiar with the technologies and their mode of action. This case currently exists regarding the use of hormones, antibiotics and other feed additives in livestock production. The purpose of this fact sheet is to familiarize consumers with some of the products of technology that are currently utilized in the production of meat animals and to provide an evaluation of how these products impact the safety of meat and meat products.

Cowpeas - A New Forage Crop For South Dakota, Edward K. Twidwell, Arvid Boe, Kevin D. Kephart, David P. Casper

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

In the northern Great Plains, cool-season pastures decline in productivity during summer. This reduces available forage supplies. Solutions to forage shortages during the summer traditionally have included the use of perennial and annual warm-season species for pastures, hay, or silage. Cowpeas, a non-traditional crop suitable for summer forage, have been investigated recently at SDSU. Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) are an important legume in the southeastern United States, but since 1940 they have been replaced gradually by soybeans, clovers, and other legumes. Referred to as “black-eyed peas,” cowpeas are grown primarily for human consumption but also are suitable for hay, …

Farm And Home Research: 53-1, Mary Brashier, Lance Nixon, Marianne Stein

Farm and Home Research: 1999 - 2007

In this Issue: [Page] 3- Director’s comments [Page] 4- Cattle are what they drink [Page] 8- No dangers to health [Page] 12- Raising dairy replacement heifers [Page] 14- Community health [Page] 17- Looking at efficiency [Page] 20- 114th Annual Report

Using Frost-Damaged Soybeans In Livestock Rations, R. C. Thaler, J. E. Held, J. J. Wagner

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Soybeans are routinely grown in the upper Midwest as a cash crop. However, late planting coupled with an early freeze can result in frost-damaged or “green beans.” Even after processing, the resulting soybean meal and soy oil are still green due to high chlorophyll concentrations. Since the consumer is reluctant to purchase green soy oil, frost-damaged soybeans (FDS) are of little use to the processing industry and often are docked at local elevators. However, when done properly, FDS can be marketed effectively through livestock. Frost-damaged soybeans, green beans, and immature soybeans are all synonymous terms and will be denoted by …

Forage Value Of Spring Oats And Triticale, Edward K. Twidwell, Nancy J. Thiex, Rober G. Hall

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

Spring oats commonly are grown in South Dakota for either grain or forage. The value of oats as forage depends on maturity when harvested and varietal characteristics. As oats matures, yield increases and quality decreases. Research indicates that tall, late-maturing varieties produce the highest forage yields. Triticale was originally developed as a grain for human and animal consumption, but it has the potential to be used as forage. Research suggests that spring triticale has forage yield and quality characteristics similar to oats and barley.

Dairy Digest 2002, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of The South Dakota Academy Of Science, 2002, Volume 81., South Dakota Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 2002, Volume 81.

The table of contents lists the consolidated minutes of the eighty-seventh annual meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science, papers and abstracts presented.

The presidential address titled Reflections on Science in South Dakota and on Vitamin B12 was given by M. Steven McDowell.

The following senior research papers were presented at the eighty-seventh annual meeting held on April 5, 2001: Hydrogeology of the Homestake Mine by Perry H. Rahn and William M. Roggenthen; Mycorrhizal Colonization as Impacted by Corn Hybrid by Marie-Laure A. Sauer, Diane H. Rickerl, Patricia …

Low-Sugar Bread Formulations Using Alice, A Hard White Winter Wheat, Jessica Saunders, Sarah Stauffer

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alice white wheat is a new cultivar of white wheat that has many desirable attributes for the baking industry. Its main appeal is the reduction in bittering compounds and pigments. White wheat is in demand in the booming Asian noodle market. The purpose of this study was to analyze rheological properties of white wheat flours using the Mixolab, a state of the art dough rheology instrument. Additional objectives included sensory testing of various reduced-sugar bread formulations and the determination of physico-chemical properties of flours and of bread made with them. Experimental baking using standardized methods revealed that sugar levels could …

Farm & Home Research (Winter 2002), South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station

South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Reports : 1960 - 2021

This issue of Farm and Home Research contains the 114th Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report. People, projects and budget of the Agricultural Experiment Station for 2002.

South Dakota State University Graduation Exercises, December 15, 2001, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the names listed in the program do not constitute official confirmation of meeting the graduation requirements. The 2001 Graduation Exercises at South Dakota State University will commence with introductions by University President Peggy Gordon Miller. Honorary marshals for the ceremony are Dr. Joye Ann Billow, Professor of Pharmaceutical Science, and Dr. Rodney E. Bell, Professor Emeritus of History. Delivering the graduation address titled "American Citizenship in the Post-September 11, 2001, Era" will be Dr. Robert V. Burns, Distinguished Professor, Head of Political Science and Philosophy and Religion, and Director of the Honors College. Dr. Carol J. …

Feeding And Managing Dairy Calves And Heifers, David J. Schingoethe, Alvaro Garcia

SDSU Extension Extra Archives

If improved breeding and management practices are followed heifers will most likely be better than the cows in the dairy herd today. Costs of raising a heifer to 24 months of age may range between $800 and $1,500 depending on the farm. If heifers calve at more than 24 months of age, $2 per day are lost in feed, herd replacements and lifetime production. Although reducing the calving age may have a positive impact on profitability, heifers must grow at an optimal rate to avoid calving problems and to have a successful first lactation. Some practices recommended for raising heifers …