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Effect Of Type Of Birth, Breed Of Sire And Postweaning Nutrition On Growth Of Ewe Lambs. I. Growth Parameters, A. L. Slyter, D. G. Levis

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

A research project was initiated in the fall of 1970 to evaluate the effect of breed of sire, level of postweaning nutrition, age at first breeding and type of birth on subsequent reproductive performance of the ewe. Data from the growth phase of lambs produced in this study from 1971 through 1975 are presented in this report .

Opportunities With Sheep In South Dakota, Vern Fritz

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

The question is often asked of me, "What's your future with your industry?" I normally reply, "It'll be whatever I make of it--no better and no worse." It appears that the opportunities with sheep in South Dakota would follow the same pattern--whatever we are willing to make of them!

Methods Of Supplementing Carotene And Vitamin A To Vitamin A-Depleted Sheep, R. M. Luther, L. B. Embry, D. F. Samuel, L. F. Bush

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

The primary objective of these experiments was to study the effectiveness of different methods of supplementing vitamin A to vitamin A-depleted lambs as measured by growth, blood plasma levels and liver stores of vitamin A. The second objective was to determine effect of oral and injection methods of carotene administration on subsequent vitamin levels in blood plasma, liver, heart and kidney tissue. Responses were monitored over a period of about 4 weeks.

Western South Dakota Sheep Demonstration Project, H. L. Miller, A. L. Slyter, Bob Cator

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

A sheep demonstration unit has been recently utilized to combine various successful research techniques and management practices to illustrate to current and potential producers the merit and profitability of a modified confinement system.

1977 Football, South Dakota State University

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Controlling Time Of Birth In The Ewe, D. N. Rommereim

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

Controlling parturition (birth) in the ewe offers to the producer a valuable tool to increase the efficiency of his operation. Parturition induction could be utilized in entire small flocks or groups within large flocks. Also, large flock operators could utilize controlled parturition for a clean-up tool by inducing parturition in all ewes not lambing by 134 days after removal of rams from the breeding flock. More efficient utilization of available space and labor, less death loss (due to increased supervision) and more lambs born on a given .day are some of the advantages the producer might obtain by controlling time …

Finishing Systems For Range Lamb Production, A. L. Slyter, W. R. Trevillyan

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

Traditionally, range lambs are sold in late summer and early fall. The heavy lambs go as slaughter lambs, providing they carry sufficient finish, and the lighter lambs go as feeders. Weaning these lambs at a younger age and finishing them under alternative systems would allow more efficient feed/gain ratios, result in a higher percent being of market weight and condition and decrease grazing pressure. Decreasing losses to predators under range situations may also become of prime consideration when choosing the optimum system. Although intact male lambs grow faster and have trimmer carcasses than wethers, it is not normally advisable to …

Zeranol And Diethylstilbestrol Implants For Feedlot Lambs, B. H. Dunn, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

Numerous experiments have shown improvements in growth rate and feed efficiency when feedlot lambs are implanted with 12 mg zeranol (trade name Ralgro) or 3 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES). Differences in feedlot performance between the two implants have been small and somewhat variable.

Limestone As A Buffering Agent In High-Concentrate Diets, B. H. Dunn, R. J. Emerick, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1977

In recent years, there has been evidence indicating that limestone in excess of normal requirement levels for calcium has beneficial effects for ruminants. Research at this station has shown that limestone supplementation is effective in preventing phosphatic urinary calculi formation in ruminants when fed at higher levels than normally recommended. Work at other stations has shown positive effects on weight gain from limestone added to highconcentrate diets, which was attributed to buffering action within the digestive tract.
In short-term finishing periods, buffer supplementation may help ruminants adapt to high-grain diets if roughage has been their major feedstuff in the past. …

Proceedings Of The South Dakota Academy Of Science, 1977, Volume 56., South Dakota Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 1977, Volume 56.

The table of contents lists minutes of the sixty-second annual meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science that include committee reports and memorial statements, new business, treasurer’s report, minutes of the Collegiate Section, membership lists, papers presented, and papers published by title only. The presidential address titled On the Standing of Land was given by James C. Schmulbach.

The following senior research papers were presented at the sixty-second annual meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science held on April 16, 1977: Origin of the Prairie Coteau, Northeastern …

Variables Associated With Breeding Waterfowl On South Dakota Stock Ponds, Jay A. Roberson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Use of stock watering ponds by indicated breeding pairs of waterfowl was measured in the western two-thirds of South Dakota from 1973 to 1976. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses were used to describe the habitat associated with pairs of each species. Habitat variables explained 35-47 percent of the variation in pairs having small home ranges and 26-35 percent of the variation in pairs having large home ranges. Shoreline distance account for more variation in mallard (Anas Platyrhmchos) and blue-winged teal (A. discors) pairs than any other single variable. Ponds used by these pairs and shoreline distances that averaged 590 m …

Population, Home Range, And Dispersal Of Red Foxes In East-Central South Dakota, James D. Sweeting

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The population, dispersal movements and summer home range of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were studied in east-central South Dakota during 1974 and 1975. The spring population density of foxes on a 23,319 ha study area declined from 9.2 families/township in 1974 to 7.6 families/township in 1975. Fifty-four percent of 130 foxes tagged in spring, 1974 and 1975 were recovered during the first year following tagging. Hunting and trapping accounted for 18.0 and 77.8 percent, respectively. Recoveries revealed that dispersing juvenile male foxes were more mobile than juvenile females; juvenile foxes traveled a mean distance of 39 km for males and …

A Comparison Of Cottage Cheese Yields Using Culture And Direct Acidification, David Edward Satterness

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Commercial production of cottage cheese constitutes a significant portion of the total fluid milk utilization in the U.S. Since 1955, yearly per capita consumption of cottage .cheese has steadily increased from 1. 77 kg (3.9 lb) to a high of 2.45 kg (5.4 lb) in 1971 and 1972 (101, 122). A relatively sharp increase in the price of milk solids-not-fat depressed the yearly per capita consumption of cottage cheese to 2. 14 kg (4. 7 lb) in 1974 and 1975 (121). A gradual recovery from this depression was experienced in 1976 with the yearly per capita consumption increasing from 2.10 …

Influence Of Season On Immunoglobulin Absorption And Status In Young Calves, Lynn Maureen Boyd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A high rate of calf mortality can represent a major economic loss to the dairy farmer. Despite increased knowledge in calf rearing, mortality rates of 10 to as high as 25% are not uncommon. The loss of heifer calves alone cost dairymen an estimated $81 million in 1975. This figure does not include the additional costs of extra labor, medication and veterinary expenses, and the loss of genetic potential. The most critical period for calf survival is the first 2 to 3 wk of life. During this time, the calf depends upon colostral immunoglobulins absorbed during the first 24 h …

Model Study Of Swine Manure Pit Ventilation Systems, Gary W. Buller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A potential method to attain an optimally controlled swine environment conductive to both the animal and laborer is a pit ventilation system. A pit ventilation system should exhaust noxious gasses and odors that evolve in the pits before natural or forced convection currents transfer the gasses and odors into the livestock environment. This is especially important when minimum airflow rates are employed during winter operation. Pit ventilation systems in swine confinement housing have not continually produced an optimum environment for both the animal and operator. Consequently, improvements in design and performance data on various systems are needed, if more reliable …

Dicamba Use In Relationship To Drift Injury On Soybeans In Southeastern South Dakota, Duane E. Auch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The benefits of using herbicides have been demonstrated repeatedly, but less is known about the risks involved in the use of herbicides. Any herbicide movement out of its field of application increases the potential damage to sensitive plants and animals. Herbicides more through the air by herbicide drift. Spraying equipment, application methods, and spray additives have been developed to reduce the amount of drift. Unfortunately, none have been shown to eliminate drift without reducing herbicide effectiveness. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) has the potential to cause drift injury. Dicamba controls certain broadleaf weeds in corn (Zea mays L.), small grain, and pasture, …

The Minnesota River Lowland : An Area Study, Ronald R. Crawford

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a systematic-area geographical study of the extreme northeastern part of South Dakota known as the Minnesota River Lowland (Fig.1). Most of the Minnesota River Lowland region lies in Minnesota and North Dakota, but this study will be limited to that area if the region within South Dakota. This area study is not limited to one criterion such as location, climate, or human occupance. Rather, it incorporates the sum total of all the criteria included in a systematic-regional study.

The Transmission Of Mycobacterium Avium Among Swine: An Immunologic And Bacteriologic Study, Steven R. Ellsworth

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mycobacterium Avium is the major cause of tuberculosis in swine (53). The natural reservoir of this organism is assumed to be birds, particularly poultry. Federal meat inspection records show that efforts to reduce tuberculosis in poultry over the last 55 years have resulted in an accompanying decline of tuberculosis in swine (54). Studies have shown, however, that M. avium infection in swine cannot always be traced to birds, and the disease is common in those regions where tuberculosis in poultry is rare (53). Also serotypes not normally pathogenic for birds are commonly isolated from swine (40, 51, 53). Indeed, many …

Sodium Bentonite, Sodium Bicarbonate And Limestone Supplementation In High-Concentrate Diets For Ruminants, Barry Howard Dunn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past several years, there has been increased interest in what has been referred to by some as the two-phase feeding of ruminants. This includes backgrounding, when animals are fed diets high in roughage during a growing period, followed by high-grain feeding during a relatively short finishing period. An interim period of grain adaptation, usually 2 to 3 weeks in length, is necessary in this feeding system to avoid the deleterious effects of the rumen acidosis associated with abrupt changes from predominantly roughage diets to high-grain diets. Feedlot performance during this adaptation phase is generally lower than desired. The …

Organochlorine Insecticide, Polychlorinated Biphenyl And Metal Residues In Birds Of South Dakota, Brian Gueck

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlorinated bydrocarbon insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) and metal residue levels were measured in tissues of common crows, American coots, starlings and Franklin’s gulls of South Dakota. Methods of analysis for insecticides and PCB’s included column, thin-layer and gas—liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for metals. DDE was the most prevalent residue, being detected in 93% of all samples ad averaging 66% of the total residues in the carcass.

Lysine-Energy Relationships In Corn-Soybean Meal Diets For Growing And Finishing Swine, James L. Girard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Increasing feed costs in recent years have led researcher and producers to look to different sources for their feedstuffs. Many by-products of various industries have been studied to determine their potential as livestock feeds. One product that has been used to spare feed grains in the diet by increasing the total dietary energy and increasing feed efficiency. The amino acid lysine represents another opportunity to decrease food costs of swine diets when protein supplementation is costly. Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in most practical swine diets. The addition of lysine has proven effective in diets adequate in other …

The Effect Of Oral Ferric Nitrilotriacetic Acid (Fe-Nta) Alone And In Combination With Ascorbic Acid And Choline On Serum Iron Concentration In Swine, Thomas Michael Juntti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Iron deficiency anemia has been a problem with pigs raised in confinement for over five decades. During that period effective treatments have been developed, but these still involve a considerable outlay of labor on the part of the swine producer. The need for an effective and easily administrable hematinic still exists. The possible advantage of the treatment tested here are: 1. The treatment may be administered to either sow or baby pigs in drinking water or feed. Pigs born to sows whose diet was supplemented may have increased iron stores. 3. The iron concentration of milk in sows whose diet …

In Vitro Analysis Of Pre- And Early Postimplantation Development Of Lethal Yellow (Ay/Ay) Mouse Embryos, Linda L. Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The dominant A^Y gene of the agouti locus (linkage group V) in the house mouse (Muse musculus) is one of approximately eleven alleles specifying coat color. Homozygosity of the A^Y allele is thought to cause death of the embryo in utero around the time of implantation. For this reason the A^Y/A^Y genotype is called the lethal yellow mouse. The precise time that the primary gene defect is first expressed is not known. Attempts to pinpoint the phenocritical period in an effort to discover the basic biochemical alteration specified by the lethal gene have thus far …

The Distribution Of Small Mammals On Samuel H. Ordway Memorial Prairie, Richard D. Puetz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Factors affecting the distribution of small mammals have been investigated for many years. Environmental characteristics which correlated with rodent populations have been found to vary from specie to specie. If Ordway Prairie were homogeneous with regard to habitat, management would be relatively simple. The prairie, however, is heterogeneous in its habitat. Intuitively one could expect that management to increase or decrease a particular species could possibly affect the population levels of other beneficial species. The objectives of this study were to document the presence, relative abundance, and distribution of small mammals on S.H. Ordway Prairie. An additional objective was to …

Ecological Changes On Pine-Grassland Burned In Spring, Late Spring, And Winter, Janet Ruth Schripsema

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research with which this thesis is concerned will, hopefully, provide additional data to develop a proscribed fire management program with the following objectives: reduce wildfire conflagration hazards which exist because of unnatural fuel accumulation, eliminate or reduce exotic plants, invigorate stagnating prairies through reduction of litter, open up dense pine thickets, reduce forest insect problems, create firebreaks, develop a natural vegetative mosaic by preventing unnatural pine encroachment into prairies, and re-establishing pine savannahs (Shilts 1976).

Studies Of The Establishment And Characterization Of Lactobacilli In The Digestive Tract Of Chickens, David Linn Voelker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One objective of this study was to determine if the inoculation of young chicks with crop-adhering strains of lactobacilli affects the numbers of lactobacilli, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci in the intestinal tract. Only one known study has been conducted to identify the lactobacilli which adhere to crop cells. In this study 86% of the crop lactobacilli could not be identified as any known species. On the other hand, in a study of the types of lactobacilli present in the intestinal tract, nearly all could be classified as known species, with most identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus. These defined differences between …

A Study Of The Relationship Between The Ideological Tendencies Of United States Supreme Court Cases Affecting The Press, 1946-1974, Thomas A. Schwartz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Analysis of United States Supreme Court decision-making in cases affecting the press is important to communication law because many significant aspects of the court’s political behavior cannot be studied by reading the opinions of the court. The great volume of cases and range of issues simply preclude meaningful analysis except when subjected to the quantitative techniques of data processing and measurement. The hypotheses are: 1. Basic attitudes of Supreme Court justices contribute to their voting behavior. 2. Basic attitudes of Supreme Court justices in civil liberties cases. 3. Basic attitudes of Supreme Court justices toward press issues contribute to their …

Chemical Weed Control In Small Grains And Forages 1977, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This document covers a large number of chemical weed control options across a variety of small grains and forages in South Dakota for 1977. This Fact Sheet is designed to provide a summary of herbicide usage options. Chemical options are listed in a table with the following headers: weed name, common chemical name, actual active ingredient rate of application per pound, trade name formulation, rate of product application, product time to spray and additional remarks per chemical and plant type.

Digestibility Of Common Forage Plants And Energetic Requirements Of The Black-Tailed Prairie Dog, Maureen A. Beckstead

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) assimilated 51.5 percent of the wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) they consumed; thus, they would have to consume 0.148 kcal · g-1 · day-l in order to obtain the 0.076 kcal · g-1 · day-1 they would require to maintain their weight. Prairie dogs assimilated 31.5 percent of the buffalograss/blue grama mixture (Buchloe dactyloides/Bouteloua gracilis) they were fed. They would have to consume 0.229 kcal · g-1 · day-1 of this forage to assimilate 0.072 kcal · g-1 · day-1 and maintain their weight. The proximate composition of forages fed in feeding trials was similar to that …

Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Of The Unchannelized Missouri River In South Dakota, James R. Clapp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Areas of eight habitats were identified, delineated, and measured along the unchannelized Missouri River in South Dakota. Agricultural and urban developments existed on 60 percent of the land within 1 km of the river. Six habitat types made up the non-developed land in the study area: cottonwood-dogwood (16 percent), cottonwood-willow (9 percent), elm-oak (7 percent), cattail marsh (3 percent), sand dune (3 percent), and sand bar (1 percent). All non-developed habitats except sand bar were sampled to obtain vegetative composition and to determine their value to wildlife. The value of each habitat to nine faunal groups of wildlife was subjectively …