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Breeds For Ewes For The Western Cornbelt, Joe V. Whiteman

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1979

There is an extreme amount of interest in the sheep business. Because of this not only are people in the business trying to expand their ewe numbers but there are also other prospective producers trying to get into the business, causing a severe shortage of breeding ewes of any kind.
The subject "Breeds of Ewes for the Western Cornbelt" might be approached from the point of view "beggars can't be choosers." At the moment about all producers can do is to make the best of the situation. This means that more ewe lambs that would normally go to market should …

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Director’s Comments [p] 2
Hessian Flies [p] 3
Farm Consumers [p] 6
Muskies [p] 11
Pine Needle Abortion [p] 14
A New Cottage Cheese [p] 16
Sunflowers [p] 19
Lambing on Schedule [p] 22

Inbreeding In Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri): Analysis Of Lethal Temperature Tolerence, Jospeh L. Mangiardi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Inbreeding in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was evaluated in relation to an altered environment (upper lethal temperature 29 C), at four levels of inbreeding. At each level of inbreeding mean time to death for inbred, female-outbred half-sib, male-outbred half-sib and outbred families were evaluated. In all cases inbreds were less resistant to lethal temperature than were respective outbred families. Analysis of variance 9Snedecor’s F) and multiple range analysis (Tukey’s “w” procedure) provided inference limitations. Inbred fish were 82% less resistant to lethal temperature as comared to the respective outbred family at 50% inbreeding and 19% less resistant at 25% inbreeding. …

Expectation Of Genetic Alteration Of Muscle Composition And Growth Traits In Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri), George W. Partelow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The breeding of farm animals to produce superior organisms has been extensively applied to many parts of the world. Much of the research has been concerned with the manip0ulation of muscle protein and fat in muscle tissue for the purpose of catering to human needs (Kielanowski 1972; Dinkel and Busch 1973; Olson et. al. 1976). Though fishes are able to convert food to quality protein more efficiently than most animals, they have been underutilized as a protein source in the United States. Until recently, genetic manipulation through selection to enhance their quality has not been extensively applied (Smith and Rumsey …

The Effects Of Processed Wheys And Sodium Caseinate On Composition And Consumer Acceptance Of Ice Cream, Dwight Spencer Coder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ice cream dates back to before the Roman Empire (6), and since has remained a world favorite. In the U.S., consumption of ice cream has been about 8.3 kg per capita per year since 1950 (58). In 1950, the frozen dessert industry used approximately 5.9% of the milk supply; however in 1977 this had increased to 9.4% (58). This represents a sizable portion of the U.S. dairy industry, which in 1978 used 6.2 million metric tons of milk equivalents to produce 4.6 billion liters of frozen desserts, including 3.1 billion liters of ice cream (2). Today, the ice cream industry …

A Comparison Of Cheddar Cheese Yields And Composition Using Conventional Bulk Set Cultures And Superstart Concentrated Cultures, William J. Kipp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The cheese industry has become by far the largest user of milk for manufacturing. In 1978, cheese production utilized a fourth of the total market supply of milk, up from less than an eighth in 1960 (4). Rising consumer incomes and changing lifestyles and eating habits have increased cheese consumption and sales by 60% since 1960 (21). In the last ten years, annual per capita consumption of cured cheese has increased from 11.6 lb to 17.1 lb (45). Economists state that the cheese market will continue to expand through the 1980's (7, 21, 68). Manufacturing cultured dairy products can be …

An Ultrastructural Study Of Fresh And Ensiled Alfalfa Using The Light And Transmission Electron Microscope, Janet Louise Lazo-Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Late bud alfalfa was sampled prior to cutting and after 17 and 51 days of ensiling. Leaf and stem tissue were separated and immediately placed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde followed by 1% osmium textroxide for fixation. Following acetone dehydration, samples were embedded in Spurr plastic for examination under the light (LM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopes. Light microscopy was used to differentiate cell types and tissues, e.g. epidermis, chlorenchyma, phloem, xylem, and pith. Iodine staining (LM) showed starch localization in chlorenchyma cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed starch localized in chloroplasts of chlorenchyma. Leaf cells averaged nine chloroplasts per cell section …

Feeding And Housing Of Dairy Calves, Lester Vance Schaffer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In an 18 mo study antibiotic containing mastitic milk was collected from infected cows and fermented naturally for a minimum of 7 days at ambient temperature. Fermentation of antibiotic containing mastitic milk increased titratable acidity from 0.209% to 0.650% and decreased pH from 7.02 to 5.48. Fermentation decreased crude protein from 3.7% to 3.5% and increased NPN (% TN) from 6.0% to 8.4%. Penicillin was detected at a concentration of 1.2 IU/ml in the first milk after treatment and 0.01 IU/ml when fermented. Species of pathogenic organisms isolated from fresh and fermented milk were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, …

Performance And Evaluation Of Swine House Heating With A Solar Energy Intensifier-Thermal Energy Storage System, Albert J. Heber

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The urgency for energy independence in the United States is unprecedented in its history. The demand for energy is reflected in rising fuel costs which affects every segment of the economy. Among the most severely affected sectors is the agriculture industry, whose fossil fuel consumption is crucial to its efficient production of food and fiber. Solar, one of several alternative energy sources being developed nationwide has unique possibilities in the U.S. agriculture system. Large areas are available for locating collector units, and the energy requirements in the farm are low compared with the available radiation falling on the area. Drying …

The Coteau Des Prairies: An Area Study, Orville E. Gab

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a systematic geographical analysis of the Coteau des Prairies of eastern South Dakota. The Coteau is a flatironed-shaped plateau about 200 miles in length pointing in a northerly direction (Fig.1). The northern tip of the flatiron-shaped Coteau ends at Sargents Point, North Dakota, about 15 miles north of Marshall County, South Dakota. The heel of the flatiron or the southern edge of the Coteau des Prairies would just about follow the border between Minnehaha and Lincoln Counties of South Dakota. The eastern edge of the Coteau's extent in South Dakota parallels the Minnesota border. In Deuel County, …

Energy For Eastern South Dakota : Corn, Small Grains, Soybean And Hay Production, Terry L. Rydell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The central hypothesis of this study is that energy supplies will force the South Dakota agricultural industry to make production process adjustments. The specific hypotheses formed to assist this study are as follows : 1 ) Energy consumption per acre, for crop production purposes in eastern South Dakota varies geographically. The geographical variations are caused by a variation in basic crop mix . 2) If shortages in energy occur a change in crop mix, in total crop output, and in net income per acre, and per unit of energy consumed will occur. Small grain production will replace row crop production. …

A Geographic Investigation Of Selected Historical Winter Weather Patterns In Eastern South Dakota, November 1959-April 1978, Douglas Edward O'Neill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study centers on winter snowfall and storms in eastern South Dakota. The main purpose of this study in to determine the snowfall patterns and their movements from 1959 through 1978 in eastern South Dakota. The specific 19 year period was selected due to the initiation of the publication of Storm Data, a monthly document printed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), which deals solely with storms (of all types) by individual states. With the data for snowstorms or heavy snowfall being provided in Storm Data an accurate cross check with South Dakota Climatological Data was achieved to determine …

The Effects Of Varying Dietary Protein, Calcium And Phosphorus In Starter Diets For Early Weaned Pigs, Wayne Eldon Schiefelbein

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Genetic selection by swine producers the past 10 to 15 years has resulted in faster growing, heavier muscled pig. In addition, confinement rearing has placed an increased emphasis upon skeletal development and bone formation. Recent research conducted at Ohio State University indicated that growing swine responded to increasing dietary protein levels if both calcium and phosphorus are also correspondingly increased but maintained at approximately a 1.3:1 ratio. This and other research has led some investigators to believe that the National Research Council's requirements for protein, calcium and phosphorus may not be adequate to support maximum growth and development. Much attention …

Effect Of Sodium Sulfate, Calcium Level And Source And Phosphorus On The Potentiation Of Chlortetracycline And Performance Of Growing Pigs, John P. Balios

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Experiments designed to study the potentiation of antibiotic in swine were conducted over a two-year period. During the two years, 344 crossbred pigs were used in three separate experiments to study the effects of calcium sources and levels, sulfate sources and levels, and phosphorus levels in diets containing different levels of chlortetracycline. The first experiment was divided into three two-periods. During the first two weeks 50 g/ton of chlortetracycline in the diets increased gain of pigs from 0.68 to 0.72 kg. per day. Pigs fed diets containing chlortetracycline gained significantly faster when the source of calcium was sulfate rather than …

Response Of Strain To Amino Acid Supplementation And Lysine Requirements In Low Protein Layer Diets, John B. Carey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two primary means of meeting amino acid requirements of laying hens, and nonruminants in general, are the use of diets high enough in protein to supply the needed amounts of all amino acids along with some excesses or by feeding low protein diets supplemented with minimum levels of essential amino acids needed for maximum performance. Proper supplementation of these low protein diets requires knowledge of the laying hen's requirement for amino acids and the interrelationships among amino acids, along with information about the influence of factors such as strain and management on these requirements . One purpose of the studies …

N-Acetyl-Dl-Tryptophan And Dl-Tryptophan Supplementation To Low Protein Starter Diets For Swine, Michael Walrod Cox

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Supplementation of individual amino acids to low protein swine diets is of current interest in the swine industry due to attempts to reduce feed costs. Although cereal grains provide the majority of the total protein requirements for swine, the remainder must be supplied either from natural protein supplements or synthetic amino acids. Research has shown amino acid content and balance are of greater importance than total protein alone in meeting nutrient needs. Because of this, a great deal of effort has been directed toward determining single amino acid requirements of swine. Research of this nature is complicated by the varying …

Embryonic Screening And Isolation Of Pine Needle Abortive Factors, Keith A. Dehaan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cattleman and veterinarian in the western states and Canada have noted the frequent occurrence of reproductive failure in cattle grazing ranges with tree stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Consumption of the needles or buds from this tree have caused pregnant stock cows to abort or deliver weak calves. Retained fatal membranes are also frequently associated with pine needle abortion. Surveys conducted by the Black Hills Area Resource and Development Project in 1974 covering eight countries in western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming estimate that at least 600 calves were lost through pine needle abortion in a three year period …

Proceedings Of The South Dakota Academy Of Science, 1979, Volume 58., South Dakota Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 1979, Volume 58.

The table of contents lists the minutes of the sixty-fourth annual meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science, which include committee reports, a memorial statement for John Henry Jensen, new business, the treasurer’s report, minutes of the Collegiate Section, membership lists, papers presented, abstracts, the Junior Academy award, and papers published by title only.

The following senior research papers were presented at the sixty-fifth annual meeting held on April 20, 1979: Energy Efficiencies of Electric Irrigation Pumping Plants by D. W. DeBoer and B. A. Jennings, Attachment Sites …

Starting A Lawn, Dean M. Martin, Paul Prasher

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

How attractive your lawn will be throughout its entire life depends in great part on what you do now. So move carefully. For some steps, such as conditioning the soil and sloping the lawn, you have a “once only” opportunity. Right now is the time.

Blizzard And Cold Weather Tips, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

A search of South Dakota historical records on blizzards indicates that blizzards can, and have, occurred in this state from the middle of October until early May. The first blizzard recorded also holds the record for happening the latest in the season.

Chemical Weed Control In Small Grains And Forages 1979, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This document covers a large number of chemical weed control options across a variety of small grains and forages in South Dakota for 1979. This Fact Sheet is designed to provide a summary of herbicide usage options. Chemical options are listed in a table with the following headers: weed name, common chemical name, actual active ingredient rate of application per pound, trade name formulation, rate of product application, product time to spray and additional remarks per chemical and plant type.

Cool-Season Grasses For May And June, Lyle A. Derscheid, James G. Ross, C. R. Krueger, C. M. Schumacher

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Sodium Hexametaphosphate On Cottage Cheese Yields, Stephen T. Dybing

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A major concern in the cottage cheese industry is the inefficient use of the available milk proteins. Currently, the methods of cottage cheese manufacture convert an average of only 74.9% of the milk proteins into cottage cheese, while the remainder are removed in the by-product whey (43, 56). As protein is the main determinant of both the yield and nutritional value of cottage cheese, if 25% of the available protein is lost to the whey, then potential cottage cheese yield and nutrition have been lost as well. The proteins lost in the whey are mainly -lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin, which remain …

Drying Of Large Cylindrical Bales With A Solar Energy Intensifier-Thermal Energy Storage System, Jose L. Calle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent energy conditions have caused a reexamination of the use of solar energy for the drying of agricultural crops. As a result, because of the great importance in developing alternate energy sources as substitutes for conventional energy sources, research was conducted with the following objectives:

1. Test a multi-use solar energy intensifier-thermal energy storage system using various drying systems for a low temperature hay drying application.

2. Evaluate the thermal efficiency in terms of useful energy collected for a solar energy intensifier used to provide supplemental heat to dry hay, under actual climatic conditions.

A Nutrition Knowledge Survey Of Elementary Teachers In South Dakota, Karen E. Pearson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

If the elementary teacher is to play a significant role in nutrition education, assessing their current status of nutrition knowledge is imperative. Such a data base can assist in determining the nature of educational efforts to adequately prepare elementary teachers for their role as nutrition educators. The primary objective of this research is to determine the present level of nutrition knowledge of elementary teachers in South Dakota. The findings of this study can assist state nutrition education program development by providing: (1) a representative picture of the nutrition knowledge of elementary teachers-presently in the field. (2) information regarding the major …

Catfish Cage Culture In A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Gary P. Wheeler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studies were conducted to evaluate the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir in northeastern South Dakota as a site for cage culturing channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for market and sport fishery stocking. Temperatures suitable for catfish culture (21-32 C) were present in the reservoir from mid-March through mid-September 1978 and from mid-October through 4 November 1978, the end of the study period. Mean values of chemical parameters analyzed included dissolved oxygen - 8.8 mg/1, total available chlorine- 0.13 mg/1, pH - 8.6, specific conductance - 2228 micromhos/cm, total hardness - 1128 mg/1 as CaC03, calcium hardness - 570 mg/1 as …

Hei-Gro Intravaginal Devices And Synovex-H Implants For Feedlot Heifers, James P. Goodman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heifers gain at a slower rate, generally require more feed per unit gain and sell at a lower market price than steers. Due to the fact that heifer carcasses are commonly fatter and contain more waste trim than steers, the value of a heifer carcass is routinely less than that of a steer carcass of comparable yield and quality grade. In the past, the ways in which the livestock operator could increase his profit from feeding heifers were limited. Differential cost of feeder heifers versus steers and feed cost were the major criteria involved in his decision of whether or …

Habitat Preferences And Censusing Of Waterfowl Broods On Stock Ponds In South Central South Dakota, Mark A. Rumble

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Waterfowl broods on stock ponds in south central South Dakota were surveyed in 1977 and 1978 to compare flush and observation techniques for censusing broods and to determine waterfowl brood habitat preferences. Results indicated that 72-8% of the broods present were censused by either technique alone. No differences were indicated between the 2 techniques when analyzed by species. For total brood counts, a significant (P<0.05) difference was indicated for 1 of the 4 sample periods. Differences were found between the 2 techniques for certain age-classes of species and age-classes overall. Visibility correction factors were calculated for each species based on the percentage of known broods censused by each technique. Brood habitat preferences were examined using multiple regression and discriminant analyses of 33 pond and upland variables. Ponds were selected in a limited size range (0.71-2, 70 ha) to reduce variation in numbers of broods per pond due to pond size. However, variables indicative of pond size were significantly and positively associated to brood use of ponds in 8 of 9 analyses. Potential brood escape cover such as Polygonum spp. and Eleocharis spp. were positively associated with mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), (A. strepera), northern shoveler (A. clypeata) and class 1 broods. Large differences in numbers of broods on study ponds between the 2 years were likely due to increased nesting cover provided by yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis). Study ponds with higher pH and more submersed aquatic vegetation had more brood use.

Response Of Lactating Dairy Cows To Small And Large Amounts Of Dried Whey In The Concentrate Mixture, Eugene Walter Skyberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Short-term (6 to 13 wk) experiments indicated that adding small amounts of dried whey to the concentrate mix fed to lactating dairy cows increase d milk fat percentage, but decreased milk production. In order to determine if the increased fat percentage was a positive response to dried whey in the ration, or an artifact of drying off the cows early, 5% dried whey product (DWP) was included in the concentrate mix fed to 10 Holstein cows. All cows started on the experiment in their 4th wk postpartum and continued for the duration of their lactation. The DWP replaced a portion …

Egg Hatching Patterns For Individual Western Corn Rootworm Females, Robert Shelton Hooten

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte is amajor economic pest of corn in the north-central region of the United States. In 1973, yield reduction and control costs credited to the rootworm complex for a seven state area was estimated at 82 million dollars (Gerloff 1976). In 1975, South Dakota corn producers suffered a combined yield reduction and control cost of 27.5 million dollars(D. Walgenbach, South Dakota State University, personal communication). The majority of the damage to corn by the rootworm stems from larval feedng on the corn roots (Chiang 1973) Root pruning from larval feeding leads to an increase …