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Replication Of Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus In Bovine Alveolar Macrophages : Effects On Phagocytosis And Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion, Richard Allen Hesse

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus was found to replicate in alveolar macrophages in vitro. Cytopathic changes include spindle cell and giant cell formation, cellular detachment, and diffuse cell lysis progressing to total destruction of the monolayer. Direct immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated viral antigens in greater than 90% of the cells three days after virus inoculation. Virus titers in culture supernatants increased by 6 a factor of 1.6 X 10 TCID50 by six days post inoculation. Phagocytosis assays showed no statistical differences of glass adherent cells in virus infected and control macrophages. When the number of glass adherent cells available for assay are taken …

Parasites Of Three Species Of South Dakota Lagomorphs, Glenn E. Kietzmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The wild lagomorpha of North America have in the past been the subject of numerous parasitological examinations. Many of these surveys have been performed on cottontail rabbits, while comparatively fewer studies have been done on the jack rabbits. In South Dakota, parasite surveys have yet to be. completed on both cottontail rabbits and jack rabbits. The representatives of the Leporidae found in South Dakota are the white-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus townsendii campanius), the black tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus melanotis), the eastern cottontail rabbits Sylvilagus floridanus similis and Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsii), the desert cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii baileyi) and the …

Environmental Factors Influencing The Degradation Of Carbofuran, Douglas E. Raynie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As society places a greater emphasis on agricultural production, knowledge of the wise use of farm chemicals becomes increasingly important. Armed with reduced tillage, crop rotation options, remotely sensed data, and other developing technologies, the agriculturalist must have the capacity to properly apply supportive chemicals. Among these chemicals are the pesticides. Thorough knowledge of the breakdown, particularly biologically based degradation, of effective pesticides is lacking in many cases. Carbofuran is a common broad spectrum carbamate insecticide. Because of its wide use there has been a considerable amount of study on the chemical, microbial, and physical factors affecting degradation. Due to …

Suitability Of Selected Organisms For Monitoring Leachate At A Refuse Disposal Site, John Nathan True

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

If a landfill is improperly managed or improperly located, contamination of the ground water is possible. Once contaminated, the polluted ground water can travel for great distances with little dispersal or interaction with the soil. Once the ground water is polluted it is very costly, if even possible, to alleviate the problem. Over fifty percent of the people in the United States use ground water as a source for drinking water. With landfills located throughout the U.S. and with over one half of the population drinking ground water, it is not hard to visualize the pollution potential from an improperly …

An Examination Of Prostaglandins As Causative Agents In Pine Needle (Pinus Ponderosa) Abortion, Daniel P. Shue

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cow and calf losses due to pine needle abortion in cattle grazing foothill ranges of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) continue to cause managerial and economic problems for ranchers in South Dakota, Colorado, Idaho, California, Montana and many areas throughout Canada. Because of its overall economic significance, investigators have been attempting to isolate and characterize causative agents of pine needle abortion. To date, a large number of pine needle constituents have been shown to possess abortifacient capabilities. In addition to actual pine needles, it appears that several other undefined factors may be associated with, and (or) predispose animals to, pine needle …

Lactational And Chemical Evaluation Of Soybean Meals Heat-Treated By Two Methods, Tilahun Sahlu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate regular, commercially available solvent extracted soybean mean (SBM), and SBM subjected to additional heat either during desolventizing (HSBM), or by extrusion (ESBM). Soluble nitrogen (14.8, 9.3, and 7.0% of crude protein for SBM, HSBM, and ESBM) and degradable protein (71.0, 68.7, and 58.7% of crude protein) were reduced by heat-treating soybean meal. Nonessential amino acids in soybean meals were more soluble and degradable than essential amino acids. The first five limiting amino acids (methionine, lysine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine) for milk production were the same, although relative order was altered by heat …

The Phosphacylium Ion: Evidence For Its Existence As An Intermediate In Reactions Of Organophosphates, Thomas D. Matus

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prior to this work, no strong evidence existed which unequivocably proved the existence of phosphacylium ions as intermediates in reactions of this type. It is the object of this study to look into nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus, and the intermediates of these possible dissociative type reactions.

Proceedings Of The South Dakota Academy Of Science, 1983, Volume 62., South Dakota Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 1983, Volume 62.

The table of contents lists minutes of the sixty-eighth annual meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science, which includes committee reports, a memorial resolution for Gerard Osterhof, the treasurer’s report, membership lists, papers presented, abstracts, papers published by title only, and Junior Academy award winners.

The presidential address titled Looking for Science (In All the Wrong Places) was given by L. C. Lewis.

The following senior research papers were presented at the sixty-eighth annual meeting held on April 22–23, 1983:: Additions to the Early Hemphillian (Miocene) Rattlesnake Fauna …

Rabies In South Dakota, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Palestinian Territoriality, Jan Charles Betholf

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The land of Palestine has been the object of conflicting claims by numerous peoples and religions for millennia. This small, arid place generally consisting of territory east and west of the Jordan River has been ruled and coveted by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Each now possesses historical, cultural, and religious attachments to the land. The Jewish claim to Palestine rests on their conquest of the "promised land" in 1451 B. C. E. and their 1500-year occupancy which ended with the Diaspora in 71 A. D. Christian occupation during the crusades and the importance of the land that Jesus walked also …

Climate And Agriculture Of Jordan, Ali Ahman Mahmoud

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The primary objective of this study is to identify, analyze, and explain existing and potential patterns of agricultural development in Jordan as they relate to the country's environmental resource base. Once established, an understanding of the intricate relationships that exist between environment and agriculture can enhance agricultural development planning and increase Jordan's agricultural potential. Analysis of the variable patterns of the man (culture) and land (environment) relationship long has been a primary focus of geographic, study. This study is limited to those relationships which exist between agriculture in Jordan and those environmental elements which directly influence this vital aspect of …

Vitamin A And Carotene Supplementation On Feedlot Lambs, Donald F. Samuel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

After the discovery and identification of vitamin A as an essential nutrient, the role of the vitamin and its precursor carotene in the nutrition of animals came under widespread study. Many experiments have been designed in the past to examine the interrelationships concerning vitamin A and carotene in animal feeding. In view of the similarity of digestive systems between cattle and sheep, it was reasonable to assume that vitamin A and carotene might function much the same in the two species. As numerous investigators have demonstrated, there are many similarities in vitamin A metabolism between cattle and sheep. However, there …

Ultrafiltration Of Skim Milk Prior To Cottage Cheese Making, Izhar H. Athar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cottage cheese has the largest sales volume potential of all cultured dairy products in the United States today. Moreover, it can be a highly profitable product if proper control is exercised during its manufacturing (46). Commercial production of cottage cheese utilizes a significant portion of the total fluid milk produced in the U. S.A. After the 1955's, yearly per capita consumption of cottage cheese increased from 1. 7 7 kg (3.9 lb) to a high of 2. 45 kg (5.4 lb) in 1972 (67) . Consumer demand for lower fat dairy products gradually increased, which put more pricing emphasis on …

The Effect Of Various Levels Of Dietary Sunflower Seeds On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, Alan D. Hartman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sunflower seeds have become an important crop in several midwestern states. In the past, sunflower seeds have been used primarily in the production of sunflower oil and sunflower meal, with some seeds being used in the production of confectionery seeds. Not all sunflower seeds are suitable for these uses. An alternate use of these seeds would be incorporating them into livestock diets. Sunflower seeds may contain 40% or more oil that is highly unsaturated in nature. In swine diets the addition of a fat source such as sunflower seeds would be primarily at the expense of a carbohydrate source in …

Characteristics And Success Of South Dakota Archery Deer Hunters, Kelly Brian Mcphillips

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two mail questionnaires were sent to South Dakota archery deer hunters after the 1981 archery deer season. One questionnaire was sent to a random sample of all bowhunters, and the second was sent to a sample of bowhunters failing to return the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks (SDGFP) mandatory big game hunter report card. Success rate of bowhunters killing deer and crippling rate of deer by bowhunters were determined. A profile of the average bowhunter was developed. The SDGFP bowhunter reporting system was evaluated. Success rates from the 2 questionnaires (29% and 19%) were significantly different from …

Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis In Cows Fed Dried Whey, Paul M. Windschitl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two rumen fistulated Holstein cows, weighing approximately 550 kg, were used in a switchback design experiment to evaluate the effects of consuming large amounts (38% of total ration dry matter) of dried whey on rumen microbial protein synthesis. Cows were fed total mixed rations consisting of (dry matter basis) 45% corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, and 45% concentrate mix. The concentrate mix was primarily corn and soybean meal (control) or 85% dried whole whey. Dry matter intakes averaged 16.4 and 15.3 kg/day for control and whey diets. Concentrations of bacteria and protozoa in rumen contents were estimated using diaminopimelic acid …

Lamb Carcass Quality Grade Revisions, Roger Johnson

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1983

The grading of lamb, yearling mutton and mutton carcasses is a voluntary service designed to facilitate the marketing of livestock and meat. When graded by a Federal meat grader, the grade of an ovine carcass may consist of a quality grade, a yield grade or a combination of the two.

Integrated Management Of Reproduction In The Ewe, A. L. Slyter, K. F. Hoppe

South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1983

The ability to group lambing into a short predetermined period offers several desirable benefits to the producer. By concentrating lambing into a shorter period, one should be able to provide closer supervision and thereby increase survival. Also, lambs of similar age can be worked for castration, docking, vaccination, etc. as a group. Part-time producers may find it desirable to program lambing to coincide with available leave time if lambing can be confined to a reasonably short period. A trial was conducted during the 1982-83 breeding-lambing season to evaluate a combined program of synchronization of breeding and induction of lambing to …

Neutron Activation Analysis For Trace Metal Content Of Brookings Sludge For Land Application, Daniel George Dewall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strongly favors land application of sludge as a disposal method and requires communities to consider the application of sewage wastes to land as one of their alternatives to advanced wastewater treatment in order to be eligible for federal funding to improve sewage wastewater treatment facilities. Although use of sewage sludge on the land has definite benefits, several potential problems may develop when applying this method of disposal. One main concern has been the possibility of toxic metal pollution occurring in the application soils. If high concentrations of zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, etc. are present …

South Dakota State University Graduation Exercises, December 11, 1982, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the individuals listed in the program do not constitute an official confirmation of having met the graduation requirements. Serving as honorary marshals for the Fall 1982 Graduation Exercises are Mary Margaret Brown, Professor Emeritus of English, and Cora R. Sivers, Associate Professor Emeritus of Textiles Research. The commencement address, titled "Education: The Foundation of Civilization," will be delivered by Dr. Jerald A. Tunheim, Professor and Head of Physics. Dr. Robert T. Wagner, Assistant to the Vice President for Academic Affairs, will acknowledge student honors. Recognizing Air Force and Army commissions are Col. Thomas E. Vitto and …

Twenty-Sixth Annual Swine Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

These are the complete proceedings of the twenty-six annual South Dakota Swine Field Day held on November 18, 1982 at South Dakota State University.

Trace Mineral Supplementation Of Diets For Growing-Finishing Swine, R. C. Wahlstrom, G. W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

Until the past few years, most diets for growing-finishing swine contained .5% salt. However, recent research has confirmed that a level of .2 to .25% added salt will meet the dietary sodium and chlorine requirements of the growing-finishing pig fed a grain-soybean meal diet. Some producers rely on trace mineral salt to supply the needed trace minerals to the diet. A reduction in the amount of trace mineral salt added to the diet from .5 to .25% results in only half as much of each of the trace minerals supplemented to the diet.
The study reported herein was designed to …

Supplemental Potassium In Swine Diets Varying In Lysine Content, R. C. Wahlstrom, G. W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

Practical type swine diets contain levels of potassium in excess of National Research Council recommendations for this nutrient. However, it has been shown that potassium salts of metabolizable organic acids improved gain and efficiency of pigs fed low lysine diets. Previous work at this station indicated that .4 or .8% of supplementary potassium, from potassium chloride, did not affect performance of young pigs fed a diet containing .85% lysine. These pigs did respond to lysine supplementation, indicating that the .85% lysine level was not sufficient for maximum performance. The supplemental potassium appeared to decrease lysine concentration in the blood plasma …

Protein Needs Of Barrows And Gilts 75 To 225 Pounds, R. C. Wahlstrom, G. W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted on the protein requirement of growing-finishing barrows and gilts, there is still a discrepancy in the recommendations given. Most research has been conducted by feeding barrows and gilts together. Data have suggested gilts require more dietary protein than barrows.
This experiment was part of a regional project of the North Central Swine Nutrition Committee. The objective of the study was to determine the difference in the protein requirement between barrows and gilts.

Effect Of Varying Dietary Selenium Levels On Tissue Composition, Blood Composition And Performance Of Growing Swine Fed Seleniferous Grains, T. B. Goehring, G. W. Libal, I. S. Palmer, I. S. Palmer

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

It is established that selenium is an essential micronutrient as well as a natural toxicant for domestic livestock. However, reports of selenium toxicosis in swine are limited and not well documented. The level at which selenium becomes toxic to swine is thought to be about 8 ppm. This value was derived from the initial selenium research of the 1930's, with considerable extrapolation from other species used in this determination.
Since that time, diet composition has become much more complex, nutrient level of diets has increased and feed additives are commonly used. It is not known what effect these factors or …

Sunflower Meal In Diets Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, Roland Hanson

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

Sunflower meal, a by-product of the sunflower oil industry, has become increasingly available as a livestock supplement in recent years. Although lower in protein and lysine than soybean meal, an economic advantage for sunflower meal may exist on a cost per unit of lysine or protein basis. Using synthetic lysine and sunflower meal as feed ingredients, diets can be formulated which are equal in protein and lysine to corn-soybean meal diets. The study reported herein was designed to evaluate substituting sunflower meal for soybean meal in growing-finishing pig diets.

Effect On Antibiotics In High Fiber Diets On Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs, G. W. Libal, R. C. Wahlstrom, T. B. Goehring, A. D. Hartman

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

The majority of the pigs in the Upper Midwest are fed a corn-soybean meal base diet. However, alternative feed ingredients are widely used in some regions. The lower performance, daily gain and efficiency of gain that is sometimes observed when other ingredients are used is often associated with higher fiber content of the diet. The pig has little ability to utilize fibrous materials in the stomach and small intestine where most digestion of feed and absorption of nutrients take place. Microorganisms present in the cecum and large intestine do break down fiber to usable products, but it is assumed that …

Effect Of Sodium Selenite Levels On Tissue And Blood Composition And Performance Of Growing-Finishing Swine, T. B. Goehring, G. W. Libal, I. S. Palmer, O. E. Olson

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

A second trial was conducted to further study the problem of selenium toxicity. In this experiment, sodium selenite was utilized as the selenium source. The FDA has approved sodium selenite and sodium selenate supplementation of pig starter diets up to a level of .3 parts per million (ppm) of selenium. The study reported herein was conducted to determine the effect of sodium selenite levels on tissue and blood composition and performance of growing-finishing swine.

Effects Of Various Levels Of Sunflower Seeds On Growing-Finishing Swine, A. D. Hartman, R. C. Wahlstrom, G. W. Libal

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1982

Sunflowers are becoming a very important crop in South Dakota. Currently, most seeds are used to produce confectionary seeds or sunflower oil and sunflower meal. For various reasons, some sunflower seeds may not be suitable for these purposes. Feeding these seeds to livestock is one possible way to utilize them. Although at the present time sunflower seeds are not considered an economically feasible feed ingredient, prices may change, making them a more practical substitute for the common feed grains. For these reasons, this study has been conducted to determine growth and carcass characteristics of swine fed diets containing various levels …

Sdsu Collegian, November 17, 1982, Student Association Of South Dakota State University

The Collegian Archive : 1980 to 1989

Vol. 91, No. 12