Digital Commons Network^™

Interpreting Experimental Results, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

A typical experimental format involves evaluating the response caused by application of different treatments to experimental subjects (animals, carcasses pens, pastures, etc.). The effect of a given treatment might be evaluated by comparison t o a control group or to one or more other treatment groups. However, a problem with animal research (and other types as well) is that variation not due to treatments often exists among experimental subjects.

South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station And Extension Service Publications Index, Bang Ja Kim

Hilton M. Briggs Library Faculty Publications

[Forward] South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service publications have been issued continuously since 1887. These various series contain a wealth of Information related to the agricultural sciences In South Dakota. Included are research reports, explanations of research in process, and analyses of current agricultural and economic trends of specific Interest to the State. Though researchers, business analysts, faculty members, students and librarians frequently have need to refer to this Information, no attempt was made to systematically Index the materials for many years. The Reference Department of South Dakota State University Library, aware of the need for better access …

The Sdsu Collegian: September 1984-July 1986 Index, Bang Ja Kim

Hilton M. Briggs Library Faculty Publications

The purpose of this index is to provide a subject guide to the SDSU Collegian. Included are all articles written by the staff as well as wire-service news stories. Excluded are brief announcements, notices, and minor sport events. This issue cumulates two publishing years, September 1984-July 1986.A future index also will be published biennially at the end of every other academic year, including any summer issues.

1986 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extention Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

We are pleased to present this, our first annual SDSU BEEF REPORT. It is a compilation of research reports and applied information relating especially to the beef cattle industry. The papers included in this report have been prepared by SDSU research and extension scientists, not only in the Department of Animal and Range Sciences, but also in Chemistry, Economics, Dairy Science, Plant Science and Veterinary Science. Since some of the projects from which results are reported are still in progress, the preliminary nature of the results should be recognized. For the reader's convenience, the articles included are grouped by specific …

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Director’s Comment: An ear of corn, Oahe wheatgrass, and hidden messages. We hear you [p] 2
Winter calves need more: A little extra milk for diary calves in winter will be cheaper than losing a call [p] 3
Ridge-till, no –till: A tractor, a drill, a sprayer, a combine-perhaps the only equipment in your future [p] 7
Midwest mushroom: Scientists on staff at SDSU were one reason state’s newest crop sprang up near Brookings [p] 10
Cobs and grass: It takes 25 lb. of feed to produce 1 lb. of beef; you’d find just 5 of that edible [p] 12 …

The Effects Of Three Rodenticides On Nontarget Small Mammals And Invertebrates, Michele S. Deisch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mortality of non-target small mammals and invertebrates using 3 rodenticide treatments (pre-baited zinc phosphide, pre-baited strychnine, and strychnine alone) was evaluated in western South Dakota. Rodenticides were applied September 22-24, 1983 on 15 black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns. Immediate (September 1983) and long-term (September 1983 through August 1984) rodenticide efficacy and impacts on non-target wildlife species were evaluated. None of the 3 rodenticide treatments produced significant ( a < 0.10) immediate impacts on deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) relative densities. Increases of deer mice densities occurred in 1984 on sites that had been treated with the 2 strychnine treatments. These long-term increases in deer mice densities were due to habitat change associated with the absence of prairie dogs. Overall, comparisons among the 3 rodenticides for efficacy indicated that zinc phosphide reduced deer mice densities greater than either strychnine treatment. Seven invertebrate taxa were evaluated. Immediate and long-term effects of the 3 rodenticide treatments occurred when significant differences in invertebrate densities were found between control and treated sites. Spider mites (Acarina) and crickets (Orthoptera) were not affected by the 3 rodenticides. Immediate impacts of zinc phosphide occurred on ant (Hymenoptera) densities and long-term impacts were found in August 1984. Strychnine alone immediately reduced wolf spiders (Araneae) 13% in September 1983 and densities increased on treated sites as compared to control sites in June 1984. Densities of darkling beetles (Coleoptera) in September were significantly reduced with zinc phosphide. Ground beetle and dung beetle (Coleoptera) densities were not immediately reduced by the rodenticides in September. Generally, the few long-term changes in invertebrate densities are attributed to biotic and abiotic factors. Changes in vegetation structure due to prairie dog control may have affected invertebrate densities. Comparisons among rodenticides for efficacy indicated that zinc phosphide immediately reduced densities of ants and darkling beetles greater than either strychnine treatment. None of the other rodenticide comparisons showed significant differences in immediate reductions of non-target invertebrates in September 1983.

Lactational And Systemic Responses To The Supplementation Of Protected Methionine In Soybean Meal Diets, Daniel J. Illg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The high producing dairy cow requires a complex balance of protein and energy. Microbial protein provides a substantial amount of the amino acids absorbed by the small intestine. High production rates cannot be attained with microbial protein as .the sole source of amino acids. The ten classical essential amino acids are required for milk protein synthesis. Increasing the amount of available amino acids to the mammary gland has improved casein production, indicating substrate availability as a controlling factor to milk protein synthesis. A major portion of the nitrogen component of milk is derived from free plasma amino acids. Uptake by …

Inhibition Of Psychrotrophic Bacterial Growth In Refrigerated Milk By Addition Of Carbon Dioxide, Robert Francis Roberts

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The advent of on-farm refrigerated storage for raw milk in the late 1940's and its subsequent adoption by North American dairyman 'during the next 20 years essentially eliminated spoilage of milk by lactic acid bacteria. However, refrigeration does not prevent growth of all microorganisms present in raw milk (9, 33, 51, 52, 54, 55). Many microorganisms capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures, termed psychrotrophic bacteria, are present as normal contaminants in raw milk supplies. For purposes of clarity, psychrotrophic microorganisms have been defined as microorganisms capable of growth at 7°C or below regardless of their optimum growth temperature (9). Milk …

A Comparison Of High-Performance Short-Duration And Repeated-Seasonal Grazing Systems, Jerry David Volesky

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Six replications of l-herd 16-subunit High-Performance Short-Duration (HPSDG) and Repeated-Seasonal (RSG) (May-Sep.) grazing system treatments were compared during 1983 and 1984 at the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station located in western South Dakota. Calves and lambs were allotted to the experimental pastures in sets approximately equal on an animal unit basis. Animal numbers were adjusted with put-and-take sets to attain planned forage levels for each cycle of rotation in HPSDG and comparable end of season forage use levels in both treatments. The HPSDG system was operated with four cycles of rotation that had 1, 2, 2 and 3 occupation …

Nutritional Factors Modifying Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome In Caged Laying Hens, Chandi C. Rakshit

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments each with two phases were conducted to study the effect of different levels of distillers dried grain (DDG), fat, oats and a mixture of oats and DDG on Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The second phase of each experiment was conducted by force-feeding the same diets used in the first phase at 120% of their normal intakes. This produces FLHS and thereby permits studying the effect of diets. During the force-feeding period of the third experiment, serum estradiol levels of hens from each treatment and each type of feeding were measured to study the …

Implanting Effects On Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Reproductive Parameters In Intact Beef Males, Shirley J. Gordon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research presented herein was designed to determine the effects of post-weaning implanting on performance, carcass characteristics, hormonal profile and reproductive parameters.

Technology And Economics Of Commercial Scale Ethanol Production From Fodder Beets, William Ray Gibbons

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fodder beets yield two to three times more fuel ethanol per hectare than corn. This increased productivity should reduce feedstock costs and, consequently, ethanol production costs. The major factor that has limited use of this crop is the lack of a proven technology to process fodder beets -- economically and energy efficiently -- to fuel ethanol on a commercial scale. Research reported herein rectifies this situation by examining the technical and economic feasibility of community scale fuel ethanol production from fodder beets using two novel, continuous fermentation systems solid-phase fermentation and diffusion fermentation. Laboratory scale, batch fermentation trials were first …

Proceedings Of The South Dakota Academy Of Science, 1986, Volume 65., South Dakota Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 1986, Volume 65.

The table of contents lists minutes of the seventy-first annual meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science, membership lists, papers presented, abstracts, papers published by title only, and Junior Academy award winners.

The presidential address titled Science: The Search for Solutions was given by Stephen R. Metzner.

The following senior research papers were presented at the seventy-first annual meeting held on April 17–19, 1986: New Discovery of an Archaeological and Paleontological Site in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota by James E. Martin and Jane P. Abbott, Additional …

Weed Control In Small Grain And Flax : 1986, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This document covers a large number of chemical weed control options across a variety of small grains and flax in South Dakota for 1986. This Fact Sheet is designed to provide a summary of herbicide usage options. The chemical options are listed in a table, which is broken into the following sections: Oats, “Wheat, Rye, Barley,” Flax, “Small Grain,” “Proso Millet,” “Special Weed Problems,” and “No-Till Small Grain.”

Weed Control In Small Grain And Flax : 1986, Leon J. Wrage, W. E. Arnold, Paul O. Johnson

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This document covers a large number of chemical weed control options across a variety of small grains and forages in South Dakota for 1986. This Fact Sheet is designed to provide a summary of herbicide usage options. The chemical options are listed in a table, which is broken into the a number of sections including: Oats, “Wheat, Rye, Barley,” Flax, “Special Weed Problems,” “Small Grain,” and “No-Till Small Grain.”

The Black Hills Aspen : Management Implications From Treatment Results, Steven Peter Riley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the summer of 1984, 154 quaking aspen stands were sampled throughout the Black Hills National Forest in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The purpose of the study was to develop management directions based on existing treatment results. Some examples of treatments are clearcutting, thinning and removing all aspen while leaving various numbers of conifers on the stand. The purpose of treatment is to rejuvenate the aspen stand. Various data were collected and interpreted in two ways. A multivariate analysis was used to correlate numerous independent variables to the dependent variable, aspen regeneration index (feet of regeneration per acre). …

Hopelessness In The Institutionalized Elderly, Joanne Hansen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The losses and stresses of the elderly make them susceptible to powerlessness which ultimately may lead to hopelessness and death. The use of client initiated interventions designed to increase the individual's control of the environment may interrupt the powerlessness, hopelessness and death cycle. The research question for this study addressed the influence of client-initiated interventions on the hopelessness score among the institutionalized elderly.
The specific research questions were:
I. To what extent do the use of client-initiated interventions affect the level of hopelessness in the institutionalized client on a short- and long-term basis?
2. Which of the client-initiated interventions have …

Feeding Value Of Acid Hydrolyzed Wood Pulp For Ruminants, Aboubacar S. N'Diaye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cellulose is the most abundant and insoluble polysaccharide of the cell wall constituents. It is a polymer of glucose units in which the degree cellulose of polymerization varies within and between sources of. Availability to the rumen microflora ranges from 25 to 90%, making it a potential source of energy for ruminants. Hemicellulose consists of short chains of glucan, polymers of xylose, mannose and galactose plus a mixture of sugars and uronic acid polymers. Lignin is an aromatic compound that is indigestible and is of no nutritive value to mammals. Its main function is to supply strength and rigidity to …

Influence Of Geomorphological Origin Upon Macroinvertebrate Community Structure In Black Hills Streams, Matthew Lechner

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test a stream classification system proposed for the Black Hills National Forest. Stream physiochemical characteristics and macroinvertebrate community structure were compared among three geomorphically distinct landtype associations in the Black Hills. Stepwise disciminant analysis identified five physiochemical variables, which explained 90% of the variability among landtype associations. The classificatory discriminant procedure correctly reclassified 47 of 52 stations based on the five discriminating invertebrate taxa. Each landtype association was sufficiently different in stream physiochemical characteristics to permit classification. Macroinvertebrates exhibited distributional patterns related to changes in geomorphic structure and stream order, among landtype associations. …

Disease Progress And Yield Loss Regressions For Several Spring Wheat Cultivars Infected With Fusarium Graminearum At Various Times After Anthesis, Marvin D. Yahnke

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This paper deals with the assessment of yield loss due to wheat scab. The following paragraphs discuss the topic of why loss estimates are needed, why they are difficult to obtain, and how the research provides information toward these ends. Reasonably accurate loss estimates are needed for two purposes: one of the most important may be to guide further research on the problem. In addition, methods of loss assessment are needed to evaluate the degree of control provided by fungicides, cultural practices, or resistant cultivars. Loss estimates are difficult to obtain for two reasons. First, the time period during which …

South Dakota State University Graduation Exercises, December 14, 1985, Brookings, South Dakota, South Dakota State University

Commencement Programs

Please be advised that the individuals listed in the program do not signify an official confirmation of having met the graduation requirements. The Fall 1985 Graduation Exercises will commence with introductions by University President Robert T. Wagner. Serving as honorary marshals are Dorothy J. Cline, Associate Professor Emeritus of Journalism, and Paul E. Collins, Professor Emeritus of Horticulture. Delivering the graduation address will be Dr. Robyn P. Hillam, Associate Professor of Microbiology. Dr. Paul E. Nordstrom, Acting Vice President for Academic Affairs, will extend acknowledgment to honor students. Commissions of Army and Air Force officers will be administered by Lt. …

Twenty-Eighth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

These are the complete proceedings of the twenty-eigth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on December 5, 1985 at South Dakota State University.

Effect Of Climate On The Economics Of Cattle Feeding In South Dakota, R. H. Pritchard

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Depressed conditions of the cattle feeding industry in the Upper Midwest have promted interested parties to evaluate in detail, the criteria involved to help identify areas where relief can be obtained. In our region, questions have been raised regarding the disadvantage to cattle feeders caused by our climate. This report summarizes an effort to model the extent that weather conditions impacy the efficiency of feedlot cattle in South Dakota and the economic limits imposed.

Effect Of Mixed Or Phase Feeding Two Ratios Of Corn And Corn Silage On Performance Of Feedlot Steers, R. H. Pritchard

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

An important consideration for the midwestern farmer-feeder is to find a feeding program that optimizes production in the farming operation. One common option available in this region is to vary the levels of corn and corn silage used in growing and finishing diets. Variables that must be included in this decision are: 1) possible negative associative effects on digestibility caused by grain-forage mixtures; 2) possible affects on carcass weight and quality; and 3) the amount of time cattle must be on feed.
Two ratios of corn and corn silage were fed either as a mixture provided throughout the feeding period …

Effect Of Preconditioning On Performance And Health Of Feeder Steers, J. K. Swann

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Preconditioning may be defined as preparing a calf to better endure stress associated with shipment from the ranch to the feedlot. The South Dakota preconditioning (“Green Tag”) program requires calves be castrated, dehorned and healed by sale time, vaccinated for IBR, BVD, PI and 7-way clostridia, treated for parasites, and be weaned and bunk adjusted for at least 30 days to be considered preconditioned. It is suggested to vaccinate calves at least two weeks before weaning to reduce stress.
Advantages to the program would seem to be heavier calves at sale time, reduced transit shrink, reduced sickness and death loss …

Beef Cow Nutrition And Reproduction, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This publication provides information on how nutrition can increase the reproductive performance of cows in a cow-calf operation. It discusses the nutrient requirements of breeding cattle and provides guidance for creating a cow herd nutrition program.

South Dakota State University 1986-1988 Graduate Catalog, South Dakota State University

South Dakota State University Catalogs and Bulletins: 1935 to present

No abstract provided.

Least-Cost Rations And Feed Analysis, J. J. Wagner

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

The objectives of this paper are to: 1) outline the information necessary to formulate least-cost rations and 2) demonstrate the value of feed analysis and proper ration formulation.

Comparison Of Sow And Gilt Performance As Affected By Gestation Energy Intake, G. W. Libal, M. K. Hoppe, R. C. Wahlstrom

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Gestation energy needs of sows include maintenance as well as tissue growth associated with pregnancy and fetal development. Gilts have the additional demands of body tissue growth but less maintenance needs because of smaller body size. Differences in total daily energy needs between sows and gilts have not been resolved. Results of three trials conducted to compare energy needs for specific gestation gains for sows and gilts were reported last year (Swine 84-10). These results suggested the need for approximately 870 Kcal of additional metabolizable energy (ME) (.6 lb of feed) for gilts with the desired gains of .5 lb/day …

Non-Mechanical Ventilation Of Swine Facilities, Gerald R. Bodman

South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985

Swine facilities must be ventilated to control heat, moisture, dust, odors, pathogenic organisms and irritating, noxious or toxic gases. Our goal is to provide healthful conditions for animals and personnel and to control deterioriation of structural components and equipment. Given the widely varying climatic conditions of the central and northern plains states there is no system capable of fully satisfying all desirable aspects of a ventilation system. Consequetly, producers must select the system which best fits their management abilities and goals with the most acceptable set of compromises.