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Characterization Of Frost-Damaged Immature Soybeans For Alfalfa And Alfalfa-Brome Hay, Corn Silage Or Corn Based Diets, J.A. Loesche, R.H. Pritchard, Z.W. Wicks Jan 1988

Characterization Of Frost-Damaged Immature Soybeans For Alfalfa And Alfalfa-Brome Hay, Corn Silage Or Corn Based Diets, J.A. Loesche, R.H. Pritchard, Z.W. Wicks

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

One compositional study and three single stage in vitro rumen fermentation experiments were conducted to characterize the feeding profile of frost-damaged immature soybeans (FDIS). Dauson and Dassel soybean plants were harvested at 86, 93, 100, 107 days post-planting and frozen at -5 C to contrast with natural frozen soybeans of the same varieties that were serially planted and harvested after the first killing frost. No differences between soybean variety were detected for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) or dry matter content (DM). Crude protein and EE content differed (P<.05) between maturities of artificially frozen (AF) soybeans. Only the EE content differed (P<.01) with maturity of naturally frozen (NF) soybeans. Planting date had an effect (P<.001) on composition of mature soybeans primarily due to increasing EE component. Exp. 1. Five levels of FDIS (0, 5,10, 15, 20%). three substrates (alfalfa hay, ALF), corn silage (CS), ground corn (WSC)) and two fermentation times (24 or 48 hours) were evaluated in single stage in vitro fermentations. FDIS supplementation had no effect on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of ALF or USC, indicating at the upper limit of FDIS supplementation had not been reached. IVDMD of corn silage was depressed (P<.01) when FDIS exceeded 10%. Increasing levels of FDIS increased NH –N (P<.01) but had no effect on VFA concentration in fermentation liquor. Exp. 2. Alfalfa-brome hay, ALF and CS were supplemented with FDlS for 48-hour IVDMD comparisons. IVDMD was not affected by substrate, but FDIS increased IVDMD of CS (P<.001). Exp.3. Four treatments, soybean meal (SBM), heated mature raw soybeans (HMB), heated FDIS (HFDIS) and FDIS, were used to differentiate oil content and trypsin inhibitor effects on roughage fermentation. Only SBM increased IVDMD (P<.05) of forages tested. FDIS included at 20% of the DM did not significantly decrease IVDMD of forages in most instances but may not stimulate digestion in the same manner as SBM.

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Effect Of Different Growth Patterns On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Moderately Large Framed Feeder Calves, R.H. Pritchard, D.H. Gee, M.A. Robbins Jan 1988

Effect Of Different Growth Patterns On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Moderately Large Framed Feeder Calves, R.H. Pritchard, D.H. Gee, M.A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

Dry matter intake of Charolais and Limousin sired crossbred steers was restricted to allow three distinctly different postweaning growth patterns. Growth patterns represented were LL--allow 2.8 lb ADG throughout the feeding period; LH -- same as LL until 80% of slaughter weight, then allow ad Libitum DMI; or HH--ad Libitum feed intake throughout. Ad Libitum fed steers consumed 23% more dry matter (P<.001) had higher ADG (3.81 vs 3.09 Lb/head/day; P<.01) than steers on restricted feed intake up t o 80% of slaughter weight. Feed efficiency was similar regardless of feeding rate in the early growth curve. Steers switched from restricted to ad Libitum feed intake exhibited compensatory gains (P<.01), while DM1 did not differ from steers previously fed ad Libitum. While feeding program affected cumulative feedlot ADG and DMI (P<.05) and days on feed, feed efficiency and total dry matter consumed were not affected. LL feeding resulted in lower marbling scores and a lower percentage choice grade in carcasses of similar weights. Growth pattern had no effect on carcass composition estimated from 9-10-11 rib section when adjusted to a common carcass weight.

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Effect Of Previous Growing Program On The Benefits Of Restricting Feed Intake During The Finishing Phase, J.J. Wagner Jan 1988

Effect Of Previous Growing Program On The Benefits Of Restricting Feed Intake During The Finishing Phase, J.J. Wagner

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

Eight pens of cattle that had been limit-fed a high energy growing diet and eight pens that had been full - fed a high roughage growing diet were fed either ad libitum amounts of a finishing diet or 93% of ad libitum for the first 70 days of the finishing phase. From day 71 through slaughter, all cattle received ad libitum amounts of the finishing diet. Interactions between previous growing program and level of feed intake during the finishing phase were significant (P<.05). Restricting the intake of finishing cattle that had been grown using a limit-fed, high energy diet resulted in improved (P<.05) feedlot performance (3.58 vs 3.28 lb per head daily average daily gain, respectively) and efficiency (6.18 vs 7.11, respectively) over the ad libitum fed cattle. For the cattle that had been grown using a high roughage program, restricting the intake of finishing cattle resulted in poorer (P<.07) performance (2.83 vs 3.16 lb per head daily, respectively) and efficiency (7.88 vs 7.19, respectively) compared with the ad libitum fed cattle. Whether or not cattle respond to restricted intake finishing regimens may be dependent upon level of dry matter intake, dietary energy density or rate of gain during previous growing program.

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Effect Of Limit Feeding High Energy Growing In The Efficiency Of Metabolizable Energy Utilization, J.J. Wagner Jan 1988

Effect Of Limit Feeding High Energy Growing In The Efficiency Of Metabolizable Energy Utilization, J.J. Wagner

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

One hundred twenty-eight Angus steer calves were utilized in a study to examine the effect of limit feeding on efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization during the grouping phase and subsequent performance during the finishing phase. Steers limit-fed a high concentrate diet exhibited more rapid d a i l y gains than steers full -fed the same amount of energy from a high roughage diet (2.15 vs 1.74 lb per head, respectively). Feed conversion was improved by limit feeding compared with full feeding (6.09 vs 10.19, respectively). The efficiency of ME utilization was also improved. Limit - fed steers gained …

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High-Moisture Ear Corn And Corn Silage In Backgrounding Cattle Diets, M.L. Sip, R.H. Pritchard, M.A. Robbins Jan 1988

High-Moisture Ear Corn And Corn Silage In Backgrounding Cattle Diets, M.L. Sip, R.H. Pritchard, M.A. Robbins

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

One hundred ninety-two Angus x Limousin steer calves (560 lb) were used in an 85-day backgrounding trial. Dietary crude protein levels of 90, 100, 110 and 120% of the NRC factorial equation recommendation were used within ad libitum-fed corn silage diets (CS) arid limit-fed chopped high-moisture ear corn (HMEC) diets. The objective was to determine if optimum dietary crude protein levels differed between these two basal diets when fed at similar levels of a net energy of gain. By design of the experiment, daily dry matter intake of HMEC diets was lower than CS diets (P<.001). ADG was similar across basal diets and feed conversion was improved (P<.001) with HMEC diets. Dietary crude protein level did not affect ADG. Quadratic decreases in the protein efficiency ratio occurred as dietary crude protein Level increased (P<.01). Plasma urea N (PUN) levels were higher in calves fed HMEC diets (P<.05) arid increased quadratically with increasing dietary crude protein level on day 56 (P<.05). This study suggests the NRC factorial equation estimates the gram daily crude protein requirement and can be used without modification to predict dietary crude protein needs of limit-fed feeder calves.

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Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R.J. Pruitt, R.M. Haigh Jan 1988

Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R.J. Pruitt, R.M. Haigh

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

A herd of purebred Angus and Simmental cows is maintained at the Cow-Calf Teaching and Research Unit near the SDSU campus that is used for teaching, research and extension activities. Cattle maintained at this unit are used for introductory animal science, meats, animal breeding, reproductive physiology, beef production and livestock evaluation courses. Current reproductive physiology research under the direction of Dr. Herley Miller is reported elsewhere in this publication. Besides use in the classroom, cattle are used for the annual SDSU Little International, field days and numerous 4-H, FFA and other educational events. In addition to providing research information and …

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Interpreting Experimental Results, D.M. Marshall Jan 1988

Interpreting Experimental Results, D.M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

No abstract provided.

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1988 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experimental Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University Jan 1988

1988 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experimental Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

This is the complete 1988 South Dakota Beef Report.

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The Sdsu Collegian: September 1986- July 1988 Index, Bang Ja Kim Jan 1988

The Sdsu Collegian: September 1986- July 1988 Index, Bang Ja Kim

Hilton M. Briggs Library Faculty Publications

The purpose of this index is to provide a subject guide to the SDSU Collegian. Included are all articles written by the staff as well as wire-service news stories. Excluded are brief announcements, notices, and minor sport events. This issue cumulates two publishing years, September 1986-July 1988. A future index also will be published biennially at the end of every other academic year, including any summer issues.

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Sdsu Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club Jan 1988

Sdsu Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

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Fertilizer Recommendations Guide, Jim Gerwing, Ron Gelderman, Paul Fixen Jan 1988

Fertilizer Recommendations Guide, Jim Gerwing, Ron Gelderman, Paul Fixen

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication provides information on fertilizer recommendations for crops grown in South Dakota. It also includes information on soil micronutrients.

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The Use Of Corn-Water-Salt Solution As An Oral Rehydration Therapy In The Management Of Diarrhea, Alexander Azuka Nweji Jan 1988

The Use Of Corn-Water-Salt Solution As An Oral Rehydration Therapy In The Management Of Diarrhea, Alexander Azuka Nweji

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

Diarrhea with associated malnutrition is the most common cause of life-threatening morbidity in infants reared in developing countries. Rehydration and the maintenance of adequate fluid and electrolyte balance is the key to the management of the child with acute diarrheal disease. The purpose of this project was to design a study for determining the effectiveness of a 'locally' produced oral rehydration therapy (ORT) that could be easily administered in the home. Thirty grams of whole ground corn in one liter of potable water was boiled for 20 minutes to produce a colloidal suspension which was cooled to 30°C. Three and …

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Nutrition And Your Health Dietary Guidelines For Americans : Avoid Too Much Fat, Saturated Fat, And Cholesterol, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University Jan 1988

Nutrition And Your Health Dietary Guidelines For Americans : Avoid Too Much Fat, Saturated Fat, And Cholesterol, Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication is one of a series with tips for using the dietary guidelines in choosing and preparing food. It explains what fats and cholesterol are and their effects on health. It also includes information on nutrition and ingredient labeling, fat equivalents, charts of approximate amounts of fat and cholesterol in selected foods, and modifying recipes to reduce fat and cholesterol consumption.

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Parenting On Your Own : Finding The Job You Want, Cooperative Extension, South Dakota State University Jan 1988

Parenting On Your Own : Finding The Job You Want, Cooperative Extension, South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Circulars

This publication discusses ways for single parents to find suitable employment. It includes guidance and strategies to get to know themselves, determine what they want from a job, learn what jobs are available, conduct a job search, and gain momentum to find a job.

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Growth, Survival, And Vulnerability To Predation Of Stocked Walleye (Stizostedion Vitreum) Fingerlings, James D. Wolters Jan 1988

Growth, Survival, And Vulnerability To Predation Of Stocked Walleye (Stizostedion Vitreum) Fingerlings, James D. Wolters

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In laboratory tanks, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and northern pike (Esox Lucius consumed fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) 2.6 times more frequently than walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and 5.7 times more than lepomids. Prey were more vulnerable in circular than rectangular tanks. In field studies, walleye fingerlings averaging 35 mm and 53 mm (mean total length) were stocked in two ponds (3- and 7- hectares) respectively: both contained largemouth bass, northern pike, yellow perch (Perca flavescenes), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and fathead minnows. Aquatic insects dominated the diet of largemouth bass for 3 days after walleye were stocked, indicating that walleye fingerlings …

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Lactational Evaluation Of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin With Corn And Barley Diets, Wade Arthur Eisenbeisz Jan 1988

Lactational Evaluation Of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin With Corn And Barley Diets, Wade Arthur Eisenbeisz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Forty-eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned wk 3 postpartum to a corn or barley diet from wk 4 through 44 postpartum. Cows within diets at wk 14 were randomly assigned to receive 0 (control), 10.3, 20.6, and 30.9 mg/hd/d of recombinant bovine somatotropin injected wk 15 through 44 postpartum. Forage dry matter was 80% corn silage and 20% alfalfa hay. Forage to concentrate ratio in total mixed diets varied from 50:50 to 70:30 with milk production. For the entire lactation, milk production of (29.7 and 29.1 kg/d) and 4% FCM (27.3 and ·25.9 kg/d) was lower for cows fed barley …

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Characteristics Of Milk And Butter From Cows Fed Sunflower Seeds, Robert Paul Middaugh Jan 1988

Characteristics Of Milk And Butter From Cows Fed Sunflower Seeds, Robert Paul Middaugh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Composition of milk and butter was evaluated from cows fed either control, or experimental diets containing added added fat of partially unsaturated fatty acid composition. The control diet concentrate mix consisted mainly of corn and soybean meal. The two experimental diets substituted either 20% high oleic acid sunflower seeds () 79% of fatty acids as oleic acid) or 20% regular sunflower seeds () 67% of fatty acids as linoleic acid) for part of the corn and soybean meal in the concentrate -mix. Milk protein concentration was similar for the control (3.3%) and high oleic sunflower seeds (3.3%), but increased in …

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Effects Of Dietary Crude Protein And Fiber On The Digestibility Of Diets For The Young Weaned Pig, Barton S. Borg Jan 1988

Effects Of Dietary Crude Protein And Fiber On The Digestibility Of Diets For The Young Weaned Pig, Barton S. Borg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments were conducted using a total of 30 young weaned pigs, surgically fitted with simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum, to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) and fiber on the ileal and fecal digestibilities of various dietary fractions. Pigs (avg wt, 7.9 kg) were rotated through a series of diets in crossover designs. Experiment 1 addressed the effect of 12.2, 17.2 and 20.8% dietary CP on ileal and fecal digestibilities of dietary dry matter (DM), nitrogen, amino acids, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose lignin and ash. With increasing dietary CP …

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Iris Murdoch's "Learning Protagonists" : Toward Contingency, Responsibility And Reality, Patrice J. Coleman Jan 1988

Iris Murdoch's "Learning Protagonists" : Toward Contingency, Responsibility And Reality, Patrice J. Coleman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For over thirty years Iris Murdoch has continuously provided entertaining and thought-provoking novels. This prolific Irish-born English novelist has also sparked contention and controversy. She is accused of overtly manipulating her characters, placing them in extreme and implausible situations, sacrificing the realism which she admires and espouses. The world of literary criticism remains divided regarding their evaluation of Murdoch's intentions and achievements. While some steadfastly deny her a place among writers of the first rank, others proclaim her the greatest author writing in England today. Because she was born in Dublin and raised and educated in. London, both Ireland and …

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The Development And Initial Public Relations Efforts Of The Tyrone Guthrie Theatre, Sandra K. Cudmore Jan 1988

The Development And Initial Public Relations Efforts Of The Tyrone Guthrie Theatre, Sandra K. Cudmore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In New York City theatrical creativity and opportunities were being stifled by economic pressure. Over-crowding, over-cautious producers and over-priced productions were destroying theatre as it had been recognized for the past two decades. Sir Tyrone Guthrie and his staff began searching for an ideal city for a repertory theatre. They believed a repertory theatre could be an outlet or an expansion of New York theatre which would help the theatrical situation of the country. They found the location in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. The year 1988 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Tyrone Guthrie Theatre. It is an opportune time to …

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Analysis Of The Herbicides Chlorsulfuron, Sulfometuron Methyl And Metsulfuron Methyl In Soil And Water, Fei-Wen Mao Jan 1988

Analysis Of The Herbicides Chlorsulfuron, Sulfometuron Methyl And Metsulfuron Methyl In Soil And Water, Fei-Wen Mao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron methyl and metsulfuron methyl are new herbicides. They are effective in controlling weeds in different areas. Generally, they are applied at very low levels. Their decomposition rates vary with soil moisture, pH, etc. Since they may be used year after year and their decomposition rates are not very rapid in this climate, the persistence can be a problem with herbicide carryover harming crops in the following years. Therefore, there is a need for a method to measure very low levels of these herbicides in soil and water to ensure that the quantities which might be present are not …

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Growth Of Campylobacter Jejuni In Autoclaved And Irradiated Media, Todd Richard Mcaloon Jan 1988

Growth Of Campylobacter Jejuni In Autoclaved And Irradiated Media, Todd Richard Mcaloon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Campylobacters are found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract and oral cavity of man and animals. The organism was first isolated over 75 years ago and Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as a pathogen of increasing importance, occasionally causing fatal acute and subacute gastrointestinal illness in humans. From 1973 to 1981, C. jejuni was isolated as frequently as Salmonellae and over three times as often as Shigellae from patients with diarrhea. The number of isolations of C. jejuni from feces of patients with diarrhea increases yearly and the number of cases reported are believed to be an underestimation of the …

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Comparison Of Immunologic Responses Between Mice Differing At The Agouti Locus : Immunologic Abnormalities In Lethal Yellow (Ay) Mice Are Augmented By Obesity, Nancee L. Oien Jan 1988

Comparison Of Immunologic Responses Between Mice Differing At The Agouti Locus : Immunologic Abnormalities In Lethal Yellow (Ay) Mice Are Augmented By Obesity, Nancee L. Oien

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The agouti locus, located on chromosome 2 of the house mouse (mus musclus), functions in the complex regulation of pigment synthesis. The complexity of its regulatory role is revealed through the aberrations that become manifest when a mutation, specifically the lethal yellow (AY) mutation, occurs at the agouti locus. The lethal yellow mutation is associated with an alteration in pigment synthesis, onset of obesity at approximately 120 days, and an increased susceptibility to cancer. Based on the putative relationship between cancer and immunity, this mutation may be correlated with altered immune mechanisms. This correlation was investigated by comparing a delayed-type …

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Zone And Drip Cooling Comparisons For Lactating Swine, Dan L. Raap Jan 1988

Zone And Drip Cooling Comparisons For Lactating Swine, Dan L. Raap

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A comparison of drip cooling, zone cooling, and conventional ventilation was performed on lactating swine. Overall, the cooling systems did not significantly improve swine performance. The drip and zone systems highly significantly lowered sow respiration rates by 40 and 28 percent, respectively, when compared to the respiration rates of sows from a conventionally ventilated room. Older sows consumed ten percent more feed than younger sows. Older sows returned to estrus after weaning approximately two days sooner than younger sows. Based on swine performance of this two-year study, neither drip cooling or zone cooling systems should be installed in areas with …

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Comparison Of An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, An Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test And A Direct Agglutination Test For Detecting Ovine Fetal Antibodies To Toxoplasma Gondii, Sheryl Lynn Seefeldt Jan 1988

Comparison Of An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, An Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test And A Direct Agglutination Test For Detecting Ovine Fetal Antibodies To Toxoplasma Gondii, Sheryl Lynn Seefeldt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian parasite which produces a disseminated infection and reproductive failure in sheep. It is a major cause of abortion in sheep in New Zealand, Australia, and England. Within the last 5 years, T. gondii has been reported to cause ovine abortion in the United States. Individual flocks in New Zealand may lose 15-20 percent and sometimes as high as 50 percent of the lamb crop as a result of T. gondii induced abortion. The prevalence of T. gondii and the economic impact of the disease in U.S. sheep flocks is unknown. Several approaches have been employed …

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Availability Of Elemental Selenium To Plants, Shu-Chen Tseng Jan 1988

Availability Of Elemental Selenium To Plants, Shu-Chen Tseng

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Selenium has been found to be both essential for and toxic to animals and humans. Plants make up the main source of selenium for animals which are the food source for humans. Therefore, the selenium content in soils and plants is of interest. The uptake and accumulation of selenium by plants is governed by many environmental factors such as plant species, soil pH, soil type, the chemical form of the selenium and the presence of other ions. The most important factors regulating selenium uptake by plants are the concentration and the form of selenium present in the soil. Many authors …

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The Coteau Du Missouri : A Regional Study, Robert A. Speck Jan 1988

The Coteau Du Missouri : A Regional Study, Robert A. Speck

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to provide a general data base for future studies of and planning for studies of the region. It will also provide the people of South Dakota with information needed to derive a better understanding of the geography of South Dakota. The Department of Geography at South Dakota State University has adopted as a major goal of its graduate program the completion of a series of master’s theses on the geography of South Dakota. Each of these theses will examine the geography of one of the thirteen physiographic divisions that exist within the state. By …

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Aroyl Phosphates : Evidence For The High Reactivity Of Acyl Phosphates, Abdihakim O. Ahmed Jan 1988

Aroyl Phosphates : Evidence For The High Reactivity Of Acyl Phosphates, Abdihakim O. Ahmed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Organophosphorus compounds are one of the most important classes of chemical compounds found in plant and animal systems. Organophosphorus compounds are also important industrial chemicals used in building materials and in pesticides. Two typical organophosphorus pesticides are diazionan and malathion. In biological systems organophosphorus compounds are active constituents found in cell membranes and they are important mediators of energy transfer and storage processes. Energy liberated during biochemical processes is stored in the form of an organophosphate, adenosine triphosphate(ATP). The stored energy can be made available to the cell for its biochemical reactions that require energy input. During the course of …

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Forage Nitrate Poisoning (A Summary), Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University Jan 1988

Forage Nitrate Poisoning (A Summary), Cooperative Extension South Dakota State University

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

Occasionally forages accumulate nitrates in quantities that are toxic to some farm animals. As long ago as 1895, the literature reported cases of this. In the 1930's heavy cattle losses from what was then termed "oat hay poisoning" were reported in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain areas. These losses were found to result from the high nitrate content of the hay. It has now been well established that several forage plants and weeds accumulate nitrates in toxic amounts under certain soil and environmental conditions.

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Weed Control In Small Grain And Flax : 1988, Leon J. Wrage, W. E. Arnold, Paul O. Johnson Jan 1988

Weed Control In Small Grain And Flax : 1988, Leon J. Wrage, W. E. Arnold, Paul O. Johnson

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This document covers a large number of chemical weed control options across a variety of small grains and forages in South Dakota for 1988. This Fact Sheet is designed to provide a summary of herbicide usage options. The chemical options are listed in a table, which is broken into the a number of sections including: Oats, “Wheat, Rye, Barley,” Flax, “Special Weed Problems,” “Small Grain,” and “No-Till Small Grain.”

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