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A Bayesian Decision Approach For Sample Size Determination In Phase Ii Trials, Denis H. Y. Leung, You-Gan Wang Jan 2001

A Bayesian Decision Approach For Sample Size Determination In Phase Ii Trials, Denis H. Y. Leung, You-Gan Wang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Stallard (1998, Biometrics54, 279–294) recently used Bayesian decision theory for sample-size determination in phase II trials. His design maximizes the expected financial gains in the development of a new treatment. However, it results in a very high probability (0.65) of recommending an ineffective treatment for phase III testing. On the other hand, the expected gain using his design is more than 10 times that of a design that tightly controls the false positive error (Thall and Simon, 1994, Biometrics50, 337–349). Stallard's design maximizes the expected gain per phase II trial, but it does not maximize the rate of gain or …

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Statistical Methods For Clinical Studies In The Presence Of Surrogate End Points, Denis H. Y. Leung Jan 2001

Statistical Methods For Clinical Studies In The Presence Of Surrogate End Points, Denis H. Y. Leung

Research Collection School Of Economics

The use of surrogate end points has become increasingly common in medical and biological research. This is primarily because, in many studies, the primary end point of interest is too expensive or too difficult to obtain. There is now a large volume of statistical methods for analysing studies with surrogate end point data. However, to our knowledge, there has not been a comprehensive review of these methods to date. This paper reviews some existing methods and summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of each method. It also discusses the assumptions that are made by each method and critiques how likely these …

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Do Stock Returns Follow A Finite Variance Distribution?, Q. M. Shao, H. Yu, Jun Yu Jan 2001

Do Stock Returns Follow A Finite Variance Distribution?, Q. M. Shao, H. Yu, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

In this paper we propose a test statistic to discriminate between models with finite variance and models with infinite variance. The test statistic is the ratio of the sample standard deviation and the sample interquartile range. Both asymptotic and finite sample properties of the test statistic are discussed. We show that the test has good power properties against infinite-variance distributions and has small size distortions in finite samples. The statistic is applied to compare the competing models for S&P 500 index returns. Our test cannot reject most distributions with finite variance for both a pre-crash sample and a post-crash sample, …

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The Asian Economic Crisis: The Way Ahead For Singapore, Augustine H. H. Tan Jan 2001

The Asian Economic Crisis: The Way Ahead For Singapore, Augustine H. H. Tan

Research Collection School Of Economics

No abstract provided.

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An Empirical Investigation Into Long- And Short-Term Indebtedness, Hing-Man Leung Jan 2001

An Empirical Investigation Into Long- And Short-Term Indebtedness, Hing-Man Leung

Research Collection School Of Economics

The external debt position of a country often lies at the heart of her financial crisis. While it is well-known that indebtedness and in particular a surge in short-term debts often precipitate a debt crisis that is often made worse by runs on a country’s foreign exchange, the reasons why a country takes a particular debt position is rarely formally explained. This paper investigates the long-term determinants of international indebtedness, the time-rates of change of indebtedness, and a nation’s short- to long term debt ratio. The data set used is the World Data CD-ROM. Six potential explanatory variables are: size, …

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Unified Modeling Language: A Complexity Analysis, Keng Siau, Q. Cao Jan 2001

Unified Modeling Language: A Complexity Analysis, Keng Siau, Q. Cao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the standard visual modeling language for Object Oriented (OO) systems development, but it has been criticized for its complexity, inconsistent semantics, and ambiguous constructs. A set of complexity indices for UML and the nine diagramming techniques in UML was compiled recently. The complexity analysis is formulated based on the number of constructs, associations, roles, and so forth, in a modeling method. We argue that this set of metrics provides an indication of the theoretical complexity of the modeling methods. On the other hand, the theoretical complexity of the modeling methods does not necessarily relate to …

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Ontologies And Electronic Commerce, Dieter Fensel, Deborah L. Mcguinness, Ellen Schulten, Wee-Keong Ng, Ee Peng Lim, Guanghao Yan Jan 2001

Ontologies And Electronic Commerce, Dieter Fensel, Deborah L. Mcguinness, Ellen Schulten, Wee-Keong Ng, Ee Peng Lim, Guanghao Yan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Ontologies are the first step toward realizing the full power of online e-commerce. Ontologies enable machine-understandable semantics of data, and building this data infrastructure will enable completely new kinds of automated services. Software agents can search for products, form buyer and seller coalitions, negotiate about products, or help automatically configure products and services according to specified user requirements. The combination of machine-processable semantics of data based on ontologies and the development of many specialized reasoning services will bring the Web to its full power. The authors discuss: taxonomies; information sources; future issues; business viewpoints; the e-marketplace; and B2B e-commerce standardisation …

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Incorporating Window-Based Passage-Level Evidence In Document Retrieval, Wensi Xi, Richard Xu-Rong, Christopher Soo Guan Khoo, Ee Peng Lim Jan 2001

Incorporating Window-Based Passage-Level Evidence In Document Retrieval, Wensi Xi, Richard Xu-Rong, Christopher Soo Guan Khoo, Ee Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This study investigated whether document retrieval can be improved if documents are divided into smaller sub-documents or passages and the retrieval score for these passages are incorporated in the final retrieval score for the whole document. The documents were segmented by sliding a window of a certain size across the document and extracting the words displayed each time the window stopped. A retrieval score was calculated for each of the passages extracted and the highest score obtained by a passage of that size was taken as the document’s passage-level score for that window size. A range of window sizes was …

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The Statutory Derivative Action In Singapore: A Critical And Comparative Examination, Pearlie Koh Jan 2001

The Statutory Derivative Action In Singapore: A Critical And Comparative Examination, Pearlie Koh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

As a mechanism for shareholder control of corporate wrongs and thus as a tool of corporate governance, the statutory derivative action has had much international attention given to it, particularly in the last 10 years. Singapore introduced its statutory derivative action in 1993 and since then, there have been two reported cases in which the action was invoked. In this paper, I consider the Singapore derivative action as contained in sections 216A and 216B of the Singapore Companies Act. The approach taken is a comparative one as I also look at the statutory derivative actions in Australia and other common …

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Juror Comprehension And Complexity: Strategies To Enhance Understanding, Mark Findlay Jan 2001

Juror Comprehension And Complexity: Strategies To Enhance Understanding, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Recent law reform debate proposes the complexity of trials as generally reducing juror comprehension. This in turn is said to impact on the accuracy of the verdict. The empirical studies of three very different jury systems examined in detail in the paper challenge these assumptions against problematic measures of complexity. Critics of the jury, particularly in commercial fraud trials, often take the issue of trial complexity as a given. The studies demonstrate that features of the trial which trouble jurors in terms of concentration, comprehension and decision making are consistent, while often specific to the trial and interrelated. The paper …

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Rationalising Restitutionary Damages In Contract Law: An Elusive Or Illusory Ques, Andrew Phang, Pey Woan Lee Jan 2001

Rationalising Restitutionary Damages In Contract Law: An Elusive Or Illusory Ques, Andrew Phang, Pey Woan Lee

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The present article surveys various issues in the law relating to the award of restitutionary damages in contract law, utilising as its point of focus the recent House of Lords decision in Attorney-General v Blake. It explores, in particular, two possible (albeit quite different) routes towards the recovery of such damages; the first based on the (more traditional) compensatory basis and the second on the (more controversial) restitutionary basis for disgorgement of the defendant's gain. While we argue that there is, on a more general level, no overriding objection in principle to the award of restitutionary damages for cynical breach …

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Singapore Management University Initiates Archaeological Trial-Trenching At Bras Basah City Campus Site, Singapore Management University Dec 2000

Singapore Management University Initiates Archaeological Trial-Trenching At Bras Basah City Campus Site, Singapore Management University

SMU Press Releases and News

No abstract provided.

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Collaborative Model And Algorithms For Supporting Real-Time Distribution Logistics Systems, Hoong Chuin Lau, Qi Zhang Liu Dec 2000

Collaborative Model And Algorithms For Supporting Real-Time Distribution Logistics Systems, Hoong Chuin Lau, Qi Zhang Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We study a complex optimization problem that arises due to an emerging trend in distribution logistics. The problem involves the integration of an inventory management problem and the vehicle routing problem with time windows, both of which are known to be NP-hard. We describe a collaborative approach to solve this problem in real-time. The novelty of our approach lies in the tight algorithmic integration between two sub-problems, and suggests an elegant scheme to deal with other integrated optimization problems of the same nature. For first sub-problem, we will present two algorithms: a complete mathematical model integrating integer programming with constraint …

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Knowledge Discovery As An Aid To Organizational Creativity, Keng Siau Dec 2000

Knowledge Discovery As An Aid To Organizational Creativity, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Computers can play an important role in the creative process. With the abundance of data and increasing speed of computers, creativity can now be stimulated and enhanced with knowledge mined from available data. The process is known as knowledge discovery or data mining. Knowledge discovery is the process of discovering interesting associations among data in the database. Users in the creativity process can feed on the discovered associations to generate creative solutions. The objective of this paper is to present knowledge discovery as an aid to creativity. The paper first presents the concept of knowledge discovery and then discusses the …

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Patriarchy And Pragmatism: Ideological Contradictions In State Policies, Lily Kong, Jasmine S. Chan Dec 2000

Patriarchy And Pragmatism: Ideological Contradictions In State Policies, Lily Kong, Jasmine S. Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Theories concerning the state sometimes treat it as a rational system. This paper raises questions about this assumption by examining the coherence of the ideological frameworks underlying state policies in Singapore. The contradictions are shown most clearly when state policies deal with gender issues, especially where they concern women. Through an examination of such policies, we show that, under some conditions, state patriarchy may be subverted by the state's capitalistic developmental considerations. We are aware that patriarchy does not stand or fall by state policies alone, but the following article illustrates how such policies can limit the space for negotiation …

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Generalized Tcp Congestion Avoidance And Its Effect On Bandwidth Sharing And Variability, Archan Misra, John Baras, Teunis Ott Dec 2000

Generalized Tcp Congestion Avoidance And Its Effect On Bandwidth Sharing And Variability, Archan Misra, John Baras, Teunis Ott

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

To model possible suggested changes in TCP window adaptation in response to randomized feedback, such as ECN (explicit congestion notification), we formulate a generalized version of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm. We first consider multiple such generalized TCP flows sharing a bottleneck buffer under the assured service model and use a fixed point technique to obtain the mean window sizes and throughputs for the TCP flows, To further study how changes in the adaptation algorithm affect the variability in the throughput, we use an analytical-cum-numerical technique to derive the window distribution (and related statistics) of a single generalized flow under …

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A Monte Carlo Investigation Of Some Tests For Stochastic Dominance, Yiu Kuen Tse, Xibin Zhang Dec 2000

A Monte Carlo Investigation Of Some Tests For Stochastic Dominance, Yiu Kuen Tse, Xibin Zhang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper compares the performance of several tests for stochastic dominance up to order three using Monte Carlo methods. The tests considered are the Davidson and Duclos (2000) test, the Anderson test (1996) and the Kaur, Rao and Singh (1994) test. We find that the Davidson-Duclos test appears to be the best. The Kaur-Rao-Singh test is overly conservative and does not compare favorably against the Davidson-Duclos and Anderson tests in terms of power.

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Attitudes As Barriers In Breast Screening: A Prospective Study Among Singapore Women, Paulin Tay Straughan, Adeline Seow Dec 2000

Attitudes As Barriers In Breast Screening: A Prospective Study Among Singapore Women, Paulin Tay Straughan, Adeline Seow

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Health care systems do not exist in isolation, but rather, as part of the larger social and cultural mosaic. In particular, perceived attitudes are major obstacles in health promotion exercises. This problem is especially true for non-white populations where little is known about the prevailing social and cultural perceptions towards western biomedical prescriptions. To further our understanding of Asian women's acceptance of mammograms, three attitudinal indexes are conceptualised, constructed and validated. Data fi om a prospective survey showed the significance of fatalistic attitudes, perceived barriers and perceived efficacy of early detection in predicting women's acceptance of a free mammogram at …

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Smu's City Campus Master Plan Approved, Singapore Management University Dec 2000

Smu's City Campus Master Plan Approved, Singapore Management University

SMU Press Releases and News

No abstract provided.

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City Campus Design Competition Results, Singapore Management University Dec 2000

City Campus Design Competition Results, Singapore Management University

SMU Press Releases and News

No abstract provided.

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Managing A Flow Line With Single-Kanban, Dual-Kanban Or Conwip, Kum Khiong Yang Dec 2000

Managing A Flow Line With Single-Kanban, Dual-Kanban Or Conwip, Kum Khiong Yang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

To control the production of different parts on a single flow line, managers can choose between the Single-kanban, Dual-kanban, and Conwip. This paper therefore compares the three different systems. The results show that Conwip consistently produces the shortest mean customer wait time and lowest total work-in-process. Our results also contradict the finding of a previous study, which showed that Dual-kanban performed better than Single-kanban. The different findings can, however, be attributed to the use of a material transfer policy, which favors the Dual-kanban modeled in the previous study. Our study shows that transferring replenished containers immediately to downstream stations, increasing …

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Leadership In Computer-Mediated Communication: Implications And Research Directions, Gerard George, Randall G. Sleeth Dec 2000

Leadership In Computer-Mediated Communication: Implications And Research Directions, Gerard George, Randall G. Sleeth

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Despite the importance of interpersonal influence processes in computer-mediated communication (CMC) environments, the emergence and functioning of leaders in CMC settings remains unstudied. An initial model and propositions address the possible extension of selected leadership models beyond face-to-face (FTF) communications and into the non-face-to-face CMC environment. We (1) model relevant variables for CMC leadership, (2) briefly review the implications of selected leadership models regarding these CMC variables, and (3) extend leadership models into the CMC sphere.

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An Efficient And Practical Scheme For Privacy Protection In E-Commerce Of Digital Goods, Feng Bao, Robert H. Deng, Peirong Feng Dec 2000

An Efficient And Practical Scheme For Privacy Protection In E-Commerce Of Digital Goods, Feng Bao, Robert H. Deng, Peirong Feng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It is commonly acknowledged that customers’ privacy in electronic commerce should be well protected. The solutions may come not only from the ethics education and legislation, but also from cryptographic technologies. In this paper we propose and analyze a privacy protection scheme for e-commerce of digital goods. The scheme takes cryptography as its technical means to realize privacy protection for online customers. It is efficient in both computational cost and communication cost. It is very practical for real e-commerce systems compared with previous solutions. The cryptographic technique presented in this paper is rather simple. But the scheme has great application …

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Using Computer Generated Assignments To Enhance Learning, Themin Suwardy Dec 2000

Using Computer Generated Assignments To Enhance Learning, Themin Suwardy

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

The assignment generator is a unique way of offering intellectual stimulation to students by providing them with different assignment data sets based on the same assignment specification. Due to the nature of first year accounting subjects, it is important to give students a major assignment that encompasses the full accounting cycle from journalising transactions through to preparing financial statements. Unfortunately, if all students have the same assignment specifications, the assignment is highly duplicable and the process may be seen to encourage cheating. The assignment generator provides unique assignments for each student and thus is one way of addressing the potential …

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Confucian Ethics And The Critique Of Ideology, Alan Kam Leung Chan Dec 2000

Confucian Ethics And The Critique Of Ideology, Alan Kam Leung Chan

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

The debate between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jürgen Habermas provides a fresh perspective from which Confucian philosophy may be approached. In this paper, focusing on the Lunyu (Analects), I argue that the sayings of Confucius reflect an essentially 'conservative' orientation, finding in tradition a reservoir of insight and truth. There is a critical dimension to it in that ethical reflection and self-cultivation would enable the individual to challenge particular claims of tradition. However, can self-cultivation transcend tradition as a whole and enable the individual to effect radical change? Following the strategy of Habermas' critique of Gadamer, what happens if tradition is …

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How Accurate Are Confidence Intervals For Impulse Responses In Large Var Models?, Lutz Kilian, Pao-Li Chang Dec 2000

How Accurate Are Confidence Intervals For Impulse Responses In Large Var Models?, Lutz Kilian, Pao-Li Chang

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study the finite-sample accuracy and average length of pointwise confidence intervals for impulse responses in vector autoregressive models with many variables and many lags. Our results complement existing simulation evidence based on much simpler bivariate models.

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Bugs For A Bayesian Analysis Of Stochastic Volatility Models, Renate Meyer, Jun Yu Dec 2000

Bugs For A Bayesian Analysis Of Stochastic Volatility Models, Renate Meyer, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper reviews the general Bayesian approach to parameter estimation in stochastic volatility models with posterior computations performed by Gibbs sampling. The main purpose is to illustrate the ease with which the Bayesian stochastic volatility model can now be studied routinely via BUGS (Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling), a recently developed, user-friendly, and freely available software package. It is an ideal software tool for the exploratory phase of model building as any modifications of a model including changes of priors and sampling error distributions are readily realized with only minor changes of the code. However, due to the single move …

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Cultural Policy In Singapore: Negotiating Economic And Socio-Cultural Agendas, Lily Kong Nov 2000

Cultural Policy In Singapore: Negotiating Economic And Socio-Cultural Agendas, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In this paper, I examine the role of cultural policy in a newly industrialised economy, which is at the same time a state with a short history and only nascent beginnings in nation-building and efforts to construct a distinctive cultural identity. Using Singapore as the site of analyses, develop an understanding of the intersection between the economic and socio-cultural agendas behind cultural development policies. I illustrate the hegemony of the economic, supported by the ideology and language of pragmatism and globalisation. At the same time, I explore the reception of and attempts to negotiate (and at times, contest) state policies …

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Extensible Mpeg-4 Textual Format (Xmt), Michelle Kim, Steve Wood, Lai-Tee Cheok Nov 2000

Extensible Mpeg-4 Textual Format (Xmt), Michelle Kim, Steve Wood, Lai-Tee Cheok

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper describes the Extensible MPEG-4 Textual format (XMT), a framework for representing MPEG-4 scene description using a textual syntax. The XMT allows the content authors to exchange their content with other authors, tools or service providers, and facilitates interoperability with both the X3D, developed by the Web3D consortium, and the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SM1L) from the W3C consortium.

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Decolonising Restoration And Justice: Restoration In Transitional Cultures, Mark Findlay Nov 2000

Decolonising Restoration And Justice: Restoration In Transitional Cultures, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article is a strategy for the comparative analysis of justice in various contesting forms. To identify useful levels of the comparative project, the colonising potential of restorative justice is examined. In this context the influence of formalised justice mechanisms over the less formal is explored, with examples in transitional cultures in the South Pacific discussed. Local and global potentials (and dilemmas) are identified for analysis. The integration of justice forms, both in terms of structure and ideology, is argued for. Notions of collaborative rather than restorative justice are advanced, in order that the intersection between state-sponsored and customary justice …

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