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Contingency Theory Of Strategic Conflict Management: Unearthing Factors That Influence Ethical Elocution In Crisis Communication, Augustine Pang, Yan Jin, Glen T. Cameron Mar 2010

Contingency Theory Of Strategic Conflict Management: Unearthing Factors That Influence Ethical Elocution In Crisis Communication, Augustine Pang, Yan Jin, Glen T. Cameron

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Despite the advances made offering a viable perspective in strategic conflict management, the contingency theory has not addressed a prevailing question: How can the theory inform organizations to communicate ethically with its publics, especially during crisis? The only guidance the theory offers is through its proscriptive variables, which prohibit either communication or more accommodative communication. However, given the exigency and dynamism of many situations along the life cycle of an issue, non-communicating may not be an alternative offered to organizations. This study aims to unearth a new set of factors called ethical variables that influence the organization’s stance by reviewing …

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Simulation-Based Estimation Methods For Financial Time Series Models, Jun Yu Mar 2010

Simulation-Based Estimation Methods For Financial Time Series Models, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper overviews some recent advances on simulation-based methods of estimating time series models and asset pricing models that are widely used in finance. The simulation based methods have proven to be particularly useful when the likelihood function and moments do not have tractable forms and hence the maximum likelihood method (MLE) and the generalized method of moments (GMM) are difficult to use. They can also be useful for improving the finite sample performance of the traditional methods when financial time series are highly persistent and when the quantity of interest is a highly nonlinear function of system parameters. The …

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Local Coordination Under Bounded Rationality: Coase Meets Simon, Finds Hayek, C. Jason Woodard Mar 2010

Local Coordination Under Bounded Rationality: Coase Meets Simon, Finds Hayek, C. Jason Woodard

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper explores strategic behavior in a network of firms using an agent-based model. The model exhibits a tension between economic efficiency and the stability of the network in the face of incentives to change its configuration. This tension is to be expected because the conditions of the Coase theorem are violated: the boundedly rational firms in the model lack the ability to discover efficient network configurations or achieve them through collective action. In computational experiments, as predicted by theory, firms frequently became locked into inefficient outcomes or endless cycles of mutual frustration. However, simple institutional innovations such as property …

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Creating An Immersive Game World With Evolutionary Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Yundong Cai, Ah-Hwee Tan, Zhiqi Shen, Boyang Li Mar 2010

Creating An Immersive Game World With Evolutionary Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Yundong Cai, Ah-Hwee Tan, Zhiqi Shen, Boyang Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

An increasing number of serious games have been developed to enhance the user experiences in education and training. In order to bridge the gap of game experiences in the virtual environment and in the real life, it is crucial to generate believable characters and contexts in real-time. However, the variables to be simulated for a large-scale serious game are numerous. These variables are involved in complex causal relationships and their values change over time. In view that world modeling has not been well addressed with conventional models, this paper uses a computational model Evolutionary Fuzzy Cognitive Map (EFCM) to model …

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A Self-Organizing Neural Architecture Integrating Desire, Intention And Reinforcement Learning, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yu-Hong Feng, Yew-Soon Ong Mar 2010

A Self-Organizing Neural Architecture Integrating Desire, Intention And Reinforcement Learning, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yu-Hong Feng, Yew-Soon Ong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents a self-organizing neural architecture that integrates the features of belief, desire, and intention (BDI) systems with reinforcement learning. Based on fusion Adaptive Resonance Theory (fusion ART), the proposed architecture provides a unified treatment for both intentional and reactive cognitive functionalities. Operating with a sense-act-learn paradigm, the low level reactive module is a fusion ART network that learns action and value policies across the sensory, motor, and feedback channels. During performance, the actions executed by the reactive module are tracked by a high level intention module (also a fusion ART network) that learns to associate sequences of actions …

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The Attractive Female Body Weight And Female Body Dissatisfaction In 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions: Results Of The International Body Project I, Viren Swami, David A. Frederick, Toivo Aavik, Lidia Alcalay, Juri Allik, Donna Anderson, Norman P. Li Mar 2010

The Attractive Female Body Weight And Female Body Dissatisfaction In 26 Countries Across 10 World Regions: Results Of The International Body Project I, Viren Swami, David A. Frederick, Toivo Aavik, Lidia Alcalay, Juri Allik, Donna Anderson, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This study reports results from the first International Body Project (IBP-I), which surveyed 7,434 individuals in 10 major world regions about body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction. Participants completed the female Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS) and self-reported their exposure to Western and local media. Results indicated there were significant cross-regional differences in the ideal female figure and body dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small across high-socioeconomic-status (SES) sites. Within cultures, heavier bodies were preferred in low-SES sites compared to high-SES sites in Malaysia and South Africa (ds = 1.94-2.49) but not in Austria. Participant age, body mass index …

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Preference Queries In Large Multi-Cost Transportation Networks, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Yimin Lin, Man Lung Yiu Mar 2010

Preference Queries In Large Multi-Cost Transportation Networks, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Yimin Lin, Man Lung Yiu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Research on spatial network databases has so far considered that there is a single cost value associated with each road segment of the network. In most real-world situations, however, there may exist multiple cost types involved in transportation decision making. For example, the different costs of a road segment could be its Euclidean length, the driving time, the walking time, possible toll fee, etc. The relative significance of these cost types may vary from user to user. In this paper we consider such multi-cost transportation networks (MCN), where each edge (road segment) is associated with multiple cost values. We formulate …

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Efficient Verification Of Shortest Path Search Via Authenticated Hints, Man Lung Yiu, Yimin Lin, Kyriakos Mouratidis Mar 2010

Efficient Verification Of Shortest Path Search Via Authenticated Hints, Man Lung Yiu, Yimin Lin, Kyriakos Mouratidis

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Shortest path search in transportation networks is unarguably one of the most important online search services nowadays (e.g., Google Maps, MapQuest, etc), with applications spanning logistics, spatial optimization, or everyday driving decisions. Often times, the owner of the road network data (e.g., a transport authority) provides its database to third-party query services, which are responsible for answering shortest path queries posed by their clients. The issue arising here is that a query service might be returning sub-optimal paths either purposely (in order to serve its own purposes like computational savings or commercial reasons) or because it has been compromised by …

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Medially: A Provenance-Aware Remote Health Monitoring Middleware, Atanu Roy Chowdhury, Ben Falchuk, Archan Misra Mar 2010

Medially: A Provenance-Aware Remote Health Monitoring Middleware, Atanu Roy Chowdhury, Ben Falchuk, Archan Misra

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents MediAlly, a middleware for supporting energy-efficient, long-term remote health monitoring. Data is collected using physiological sensors and transported back to the middleware using a smart phone. The key to MediAlly's energy efficient operations lies in the adoption of an Activity Triggered Deep Monitoring (ATDM) paradigm, where data collection episodes are triggered only when the subject is determined to possess a specified context. MediAlly supports the on-demand collection of contextual provenance using a novel low-overhead provenance collection sub-system. The behaviour of this sub-system is configured using an application-defined context composition graph. The resulting provenance stream provides valuable insight …

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Incumbent And Challenger Campaign Spending Effects In Proportional Electoral Systems The Irish Elections Of 2002, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh Mar 2010

Incumbent And Challenger Campaign Spending Effects In Proportional Electoral Systems The Irish Elections Of 2002, Kenneth Benoit, Michael Marsh

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Positive effects of campaign spending on electoral outcomes have been found in several comparative, multiparty contexts, but very few of these systems use proportional representation. The few studies examining spending effects in multiparty elections have found that incumbent spending is no less effective than challenger spending, contrary to the vast bulk of empirical literature drawn from single-member district contexts. This study reexamines incumbent-challenger differences in spending effects under the single transferable vote. Examining the Irish general elections of 2002, the authors find a positive and statistically significant relationship between spending and votes. Candidates that spend more win more votes, and …

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The Costs And Benefits Of The Dark Triad: Implications For Mate Poaching And Mate Retention Tactics, Peter K. Jonason, Norman P. Li, David M. Buss Mar 2010

The Costs And Benefits Of The Dark Triad: Implications For Mate Poaching And Mate Retention Tactics, Peter K. Jonason, Norman P. Li, David M. Buss

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Dark Triad – narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy – have traditionally been considered to be undesirable traits. However, emerging work suggest that not only may there be a positive side to possessing these traits but they may also serve important adaptive functions, even if the strategies associated with them are viewed as socially undesirable. In an online survey (N = 336), we investigated the costs and benefits of the Dark Triad within the domain of mating psychology. The social style and lower order personality traits of the Dark Triad traits facilitated increased mateships in the form of poaching mates from …

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The Pricing Of Conservative Accounting And The Measurement Of Conservatism At The Firm-Year Level, Dan Segal, Jeffrey L. Callen, Ole-Kristian Hope Mar 2010

The Pricing Of Conservative Accounting And The Measurement Of Conservatism At The Firm-Year Level, Dan Segal, Jeffrey L. Callen, Ole-Kristian Hope

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper analyzes the relation between equity prices and conditional conservatism and introduces a new measure of conservatism at the firm-year level. We show that the asymmetric properties of conservative accounting, the existence of non-accounting sources of information, and the properties of GAAP related to special items combine to generate a nonlinear relation between unexpected equity returns and earnings news (the shock to expected current and future earnings). Based on this model, we construct a conservatism ratio (CR) defined as the ratio of the current earnings shock to earnings news. CR measures the proportion of the total shock to expected …

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A Multi-Key Pirate Decoder Against Traitor Tracing Schemes, Yongdong Wu, Robert H. Deng Mar 2010

A Multi-Key Pirate Decoder Against Traitor Tracing Schemes, Yongdong Wu, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper we introduce an architecture for a multi-key pirate decoder which employs decryption keys from multiple traitors. The decoder has built-in monitoring and self protection functionalities and is capable of defeating most multiple-round based traitor tracing schemes such as the schemes based on the black-box confirmation method. In particular, the proposed pirate decoder is customized to defeat the private key and the public key fully collusion resistant traitor tracing (FTT) schemes, respectively. We show how the decoder prolongs a trace process so that the tracer has to give up his effort. FTT schemes are designed to identify all …

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The Way We Think: Ethics, Health And The Environment In International Business, David Nathan Smith Mar 2010

The Way We Think: Ethics, Health And The Environment In International Business, David Nathan Smith

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Breaches of ethics and social responsibility in domestic and international business are typically thought to be anchored in such phenomena as greed, dishonesty and conflict of interest. While these forces are frequently at work in international business transactions, there is often another major force at work when failures of ethics and social responsibility occur. This article addresses the question of what is it about the way that transnational company managers and government officials think or don’t think that leads to breaches of ethics and social responsibility – breaches that often result in major health, environmental and social tragedies. The article …

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Monetary Policy Cooperation To Support Asian Economic Integration, Hwee Kwan Chow, Peter Nicholas Kriz, Roberto S. Mariano, Augustine H. H. Tan Mar 2010

Monetary Policy Cooperation To Support Asian Economic Integration, Hwee Kwan Chow, Peter Nicholas Kriz, Roberto S. Mariano, Augustine H. H. Tan

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper considers the form of monetary policy coordination and regional exchange rate arrangement that would best support economic and financial integration in East Asia. In view of the region's economic diversity, we propose a graduated program of informal policy cooperation from weak forms of cooperation to more intensive modes of cooperation such as the adoption of common monetary policy objectives. An array of informal monetary arrangements rooted to the degree of institutional development can improve the effectiveness of both sovereign and regional institutions, and promote integration in East Asia. Drawing upon the European experience with the Exchange Rate Mechanism …

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Probabilistic Public Key Encryption With Equality Test, Guomin Yang, Chik How Tan, Qiong Huang, Duncan S. Wong Mar 2010

Probabilistic Public Key Encryption With Equality Test, Guomin Yang, Chik How Tan, Qiong Huang, Duncan S. Wong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present a (probabilistic) public key encryption (PKE) scheme such that when being implemented in a bilinear group, anyone is able to check whether two ciphertexts are encryptions of the same message. Interestingly, bilinear map operations are not required in key generation, encryption or decryption procedures of the PKE scheme, but is only required when people want to do an equality test (on the encrypted messages) between two ciphertexts that may be generated using different public keys. We show that our PKE scheme can be used in different applications such as searchable encryption and partitioning encrypted data. Moreover, we show …

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Efficient Cca-Secure Pke From Identity-Based Techniques, Junzuo Lai, Robert H. Deng, Shengli Liu, Weidong Kou Mar 2010

Efficient Cca-Secure Pke From Identity-Based Techniques, Junzuo Lai, Robert H. Deng, Shengli Liu, Weidong Kou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Boneh, Canetti, Halevi, and Katz showed a general method for constructing CCA-secure public key encryption (PKE) from any selective-ID CPA-secure identity-based encryption (IBE) schemes. Their approach treated IBE as a black box. Subsequently, Boyen, Mei, and Waters demonstrated how to build a direct CCA-secure PKE scheme from the Waters IBE scheme, which is adaptive-ID CPA secure. They made direct use of the underlying IBE structure, and required no cryptographic primitive other than the IBE scheme itself. However, their scheme requires long public key and the security reduction is loose. In this paper, we propose an efficient PKE scheme employing identity-based …

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K-Anonymity In The Presence Of External Databases, Dimitris Sacharidis, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Dimitris Papadias Mar 2010

K-Anonymity In The Presence Of External Databases, Dimitris Sacharidis, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Dimitris Papadias

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The concept of k-anonymity has received considerable attention due to the need of several organizations to release microdata without revealing the identity of individuals. Although all previous k-anonymity techniques assume the existence of a public database (PD) that can be used to breach privacy, none utilizes PD during the anonymization process. Specifically, existing generalization algorithms create anonymous tables using only the microdata table (MT) to be published, independently of the external knowledge available. This omission leads to high information loss. Motivated by this observation we first introduce the concept of k-join-anonymity (KJA), which permits more effective generalization to reduce the …

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The Way We Think: Ethics, Health And The Environment In International Business, David N. Smith Mar 2010

The Way We Think: Ethics, Health And The Environment In International Business, David N. Smith

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Breaches of ethics and social responsibility in domestic and international business are typically thought to be anchored in such phenomena as greed, dishonesty and conflict of interest. While these forces are frequently at work in international business transactions, there is often another major force at work when failures of ethics and social responsibility occur. This article addresses the question of what is it about the way that transnational company managers and government officials think or don't think that leads to breaches of ethics and social responsibility - breaches that often result in major health, environmental and social tragedies. The article …

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Index-Exciting Caviar: A New Empirical Time-Varying Risk Model, Dashan Huang, Baimin Yu, Zudi Lu, Sergio Focardi, Frank Fabozzi, Masao Fukushima Mar 2010

Index-Exciting Caviar: A New Empirical Time-Varying Risk Model, Dashan Huang, Baimin Yu, Zudi Lu, Sergio Focardi, Frank Fabozzi, Masao Fukushima

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Instead of assuming the distribution of return series, Engle and Manganelli (2004) propose a new Value-at-Risk (VaR) modeling approach, Conditional Autoregressive Value-at-Risk (CAViaR), to directly compute the quantile of an individual asset's returns which performs better in many cases than those that invert a return distribution. In this paper we explore more flexible CAViaR models that allow VaR prediction to depend upon a richer information set involving returns on an index. Specifically, we formulate a time-varying CAViaR model whose parameters vary according to the evolution of the index. The empirical evidence reported in this paper suggests that our time-varying CAViaR …

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China On The World Stage: A Trade Law Perspective, Henry S. Gao Mar 2010

China On The World Stage: A Trade Law Perspective, Henry S. Gao

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Before China's accession to the WTO, many observers predicted that the inclusion of the emerging trade power will change the pre-existing power structure in the multilateral trading system. Some even went as far as suggesting that China will become the leader of developing countries in the crusade against developed countries, which have dominated the organization during most of the history of the GATT/WTO. Now that China has been in the WTO for almost nine years, has it really emerged as the leader of developing countries as predicted? In this short essay, I will argue that while China has seen itself …

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Doing More With Mobile Networks: More Users, More Uses?, Knowledge@Smu Feb 2010

Doing More With Mobile Networks: More Users, More Uses?, Knowledge@Smu

Knowledge@SMU

With so many mobile devices entering the market, from hand phones to laptops and now, iPads and Kindles, it is no wonder that more and more people are jumping on board the mobile bandwagon. However, are today's mobile networks designed to serve and connect a fast expanding number of users? It makes sense that when too many users enter a network, that network will become congested and connectivity will be compromised – or will it? According to SMU information systems assistant professor Kyriakos Mouratidis, "spatial optimisation" of existing connection points within a network may break new grounds in enhancing the …

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Future Directions Of Crisis Communication Research: Emotions In Crisis – The Next Frontier, Jin, A. Pang Feb 2010

Future Directions Of Crisis Communication Research: Emotions In Crisis – The Next Frontier, Jin, A. Pang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

No abstract provided.

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Further Exploration On Relationship Between Crisp Sets And Fuzzy Sets, Zhaoxia Wang, Quan Wang, Ming Bai, Chen Zeng-Qiang, Zhen Sun Feb 2010

Further Exploration On Relationship Between Crisp Sets And Fuzzy Sets, Zhaoxia Wang, Quan Wang, Ming Bai, Chen Zeng-Qiang, Zhen Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper employs the concept of fuzzify upgrade operator to describe the relationship between crisp sets, fuzzy sets and higher order fuzzy sets, such as type-2 fuzzy sets. Theory analysis and case studies demonstrate that a crisp set can be represented by a type-1 fuzzy set, a type-1 fuzzy set can be represented by a type-2 fuzzy set, and a type-n (n>=2) fuzzy set can be represented by a type-(n+1) (n>=2) fuzzy set. The fuzzify upgrade operator makes crisp sets, type-1 fuzzy sets, type-2 fuzzy sets and any fuzzy sets much more accessible to all readers. The relationship …

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Is Firm-Specific Innovation Associated With Greater Value Appropriation? The Roles Of Environmental Dynamism And Technological Diversity, Heli Wang, Wei-Ru Chen Feb 2010

Is Firm-Specific Innovation Associated With Greater Value Appropriation? The Roles Of Environmental Dynamism And Technological Diversity, Heli Wang, Wei-Ru Chen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper extends the resource-based theory of the firm to examine the contingencies that either intensify or reduce the relationship between firm-specific innovation and value appropriation. Based on a large-scale analysis of a sample of US manufacturing firms, we found that greater innovation rents appropriation is associated with an increase in firm specificity of its innovative knowledge. But the positive relationship between firm-specific innovations and firm value appropriation tends to decrease when the product or technology market is highly dynamic. Further, under high environmental dynamism, firms should increase the diversity in their knowledge composition in order to mitigate the risk …

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Audit Market Concentration And Audit Quality, Sanjay Kallapur, Srinivasan Sankaraguruswamy, Yoonseok Zang Feb 2010

Audit Market Concentration And Audit Quality, Sanjay Kallapur, Srinivasan Sankaraguruswamy, Yoonseok Zang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Policymakers and regulators have been concerned about the impact of audit market concentration resulting from decline in the number of audit firms due to mergers and the demise of Arthur Andersen. In this paper we find a positive association between audit market concentration (Herfindahl index) at the MSA level and audit quality (measured by discretionary accruals and the Dechow-Dichev (2002) measure of accrual quality). We control for fixed year effects, therefore our results are unlikely to be affected by the increase in concentration due to Andersen’s demise contemporaneous with an increase in audit quality because of regulatory measures such as …

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The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao Li Chang Feb 2010

The Optimal Degree Of Reciprocity In Tariff Reduction, Pao Li Chang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This article clari.es the roles played by trade policy, in contrast with iceberg transport cost, in the popular setting of Melitz (2003), and characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in such a setting. I show that import tariffs and iceberg transport cost are not equivalent in the strength of their trade-restricting e¤ects and their welfare implications. With all the con.icting effectsof import tari¤s on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tari¤ reduction turns out to be free trade.

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Can Market Failure Cause Political Failure, Madhav S. Aney, Maitreesh Ghatak, Massimo Morelli Feb 2010

Can Market Failure Cause Political Failure, Madhav S. Aney, Maitreesh Ghatak, Massimo Morelli

Research Collection School Of Economics

How can market failure interact with choice of institutional reform made by an electorate? We study this question in the framework of occupational choice where agents are endowed heterogeneously with wealth and talent. In our model, market failure due to unobservability of talent endogenously creates a class structure that affects vote on institutional reform. We find that the preferences of these classes may be highly nonmonotonic in wealth and are often aligned in ways that creates a tension between institutional reforms that are growth maximising and those that are politically feasible. This is in contrast to the world without market …

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Semiparametric Estimator Of Time Series Conditional Variance, Santosh Mishra, Liangjun Su, Aman Ullah Feb 2010

Semiparametric Estimator Of Time Series Conditional Variance, Santosh Mishra, Liangjun Su, Aman Ullah

Research Collection School Of Economics

We propose a new combined semiparametric estimator, which incorporates the parametric and nonparametric estimators of the conditional variance in a multiplicative way. We derive the asymptotic bias, variance, and normality of the combined estimator under general conditions. We show that under correct parametric specification, our estimator can do as well as the parametric estimator in terms of convergence rates; whereas under parametric misspecification our estimator can still be consistent. It also improves over the nonparametric estimator of Ziegelmann (2002) in terms of bias reduction. The superiority of our estimator is verfied by Monte Carlo simulations and empirical data analysis.

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Does Television Viewing Affect Children's Behaviour?, Fali Huang, Myoung-Jae Lee Feb 2010

Does Television Viewing Affect Children's Behaviour?, Fali Huang, Myoung-Jae Lee

Research Collection School Of Economics

Using three-period panel data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we investigate whether television (TV) viewing at ages 6–7 and 8–9 years affects children's social and behavioural development at ages 8–9 years. Dynamic panel data models are estimated to handle the unobserved child-specific factor, endogeneity of TV viewing, and the dynamic nature of the causal relation. Special emphasis is placed on this last aspect, focusing on how early TV viewing affects interim child behavioural problems and in turn affects future TV viewing. Overall, we find that TV viewing during ages 6–7 and 8–9 years increases child behavioural …

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