Digital Commons Network^™

Non-Autoregressive Dialog State Tracking, Hung Le, Richard Socher, Steven C. H. Hoi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent efforts in Dialogue State Tracking (DST) for task-oriented dialogues have progressed toward open-vocabulary or generation-based approaches where the models can generate slot value candidates from the dialogue history itself. These approaches have shown good performance gain, especially in complicated dialogue domains with dynamic slot values. However, they fall short in two aspects: (1) they do not allow models to explicitly learn signals across domains and slots to detect potential dependencies among (domain, slot) pairs; and (2) existing models follow auto-regressive approaches which incur high time cost when the dialogue evolves over multiple domains and multiple turns. In this paper, …

Strengthening Social Fabric And Quality Of Life, Singapore Management University

Research Collection Office of Research

In this booklet, read about our research in the area of “Strengthening Social Fabric and Quality of Life”.

Contents:

Well-being of People, Groups, Organisations, Societies

• Serving the Underserved
• Does Family Background Affect Socioeconomic Mobility?
• Becoming a Happy Analyst
• Effective Childcare Subsidies
• Birds of a Feather Flock Together

Successful Ageing of People, of Populations

• Economic and Social Aspects of Ageing Successfully
• Exploring the Effectiveness of Smart Technologies in Eldercare
• Keeping our Silver Edge Sharp
• Sleep Quality & Dementia

Social Inclusion, Exclusion, Inequality

• The Helping Hand of Diversity
• Protecting Vulnerable Adults
• Finding the Path to an Inclusive Society
• Well-being of Singapore Youth …

Art Attack! Tanya Wilson's Creative Mission To Engage Children On Social Issues, Singapore Management University

Social Space

Meet Tanya Wilson, 41, co-founder of EYEYAH!, an interactive platform that uses visually arresting design and artworks to educate children on important social issues like internet safety, healthy eating, mental health, climate change and so on. The mother of two primary-school-aged daughters is no stranger to the creative industry, having spent two decades developing content and experiences for the likes of Netflix, Facebook, Nike, Coca-Cola, Tiger Beer and Heineken. These days, Tanya and her co-founder Steve Lawler are busy equipping young learners with creative thinking skills which, they believe, are essential to solving the world's complex challenges. ISHAN SINGH …

Emotions In Social Media: An Analysis Of Tweet Responses To Mh370 Search Suspension Announcement, Su Lin Yeo, Augustine Pang, Michelle L. F. Cheong, Tye Shi Jerome Quincy Yeo

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Considered one of the deadliest incidents in the history of aviation crises and labelled a “continuing mystery,” the ongoing search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 offers no closure. With endless media attention, and negative reactions of stakeholders to every decision made by the airline, this study investigates the types of emotions found in social media posted by publics to the MH370 search suspension announcement. It content analyzed 5,062 real-time tweet messages guided by the revised integrated crisis mapping model. Our findings indicated that, in addition to the four original emotions posited, there was a fifth emotion because of …

Green Bonds For Financing Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency In South-East Asia: A Review Of Policies, Dina Azhgaliyeva, Anant Kapoor, Yang Liu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Mobilizing private finance for renewable energy and energy efficiency is critical for Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) not only for the reduction of global temperature rise but also for meeting fast-growing energy demand. Two-thirds of green bonds issued in ASEAN were used to finance renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. This paper provides a review of green bond issuance and green bond policies in ASEAN. Issuance of green bonds in top three green bond issuing countries in ASEAN, i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, are reviewed in detail. Green bond policies in ASEAN are effective in promoting green bond issuance. …

Problem-Solving Or Self-Enhancement? A Power Perspective On How Ceos Affect R&D Search In The Face Of Inconsistent Feedback, Radina Blagoeva, Tom J. M. Mom, Justin J. P. Jansen, Gerard George

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Firms consider multiple reference points simultaneously to assess performance, yet often these referents may be inconsistent in signaling success or failure. Consequently, decision makers use two contrasting decision rules when responding to inconsistent feedback: problem-solving or self-enhancement. So far, disparate theoretical logics and mixed evidence has limited our understanding about when decision makers may shift their attention from positive to negative aspects of inconsistent feedback or vice versa, and may increase or decrease their R&D search. We examine how different types of CEO power explain why some firms may respond to inconsistent feedback, i.e. positive performance feedback and negative prospects, …

A Generalized Formal Semantic Framework For Smart Contracts, Jiao Jiao, Shang-Wei Lin, Jun Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Smart contracts can be regarded as one of the most popular blockchain-based applications. The decentralized nature of the blockchain introduces vulnerabilities absent in other programs. Furthermore, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to patch a smart contract after it has been deployed. Therefore, smart contracts must be formally verified before they are deployed on the blockchain to avoid attacks exploiting these vulnerabilities. There is a recent surge of interest in analyzing and verifying smart contracts. While most of the existing works either focus on EVM bytecode or translate Solidity contracts into programs in intermediate languages for analysis and verification, …

A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Cardiac Hospital-To-Home Transitional Care Program In A Singapore Academic Medical Center, Yanying @ Tan Yanying Chen, Yi Jin Tan, Ya Sun, Cheng Zhan Chua

PhD Student’s Publications Collection

BackgroundRehospitalizations are common in healthcare. They are costly for hospitals and patients and a substantial percentage are preventable, partly because hospital-to-community transitions are often unmanaged or poorly managed. In this study, we conducted a pragmatic randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a new nurse–practitioner-led transitional care program called CareHub, piloted in Singapore’s National University Hospital.MethodsStudy population included all eligible cardiac patients admitted between July 2016 and November 2016. Patients were followed for six months post-discharge. Primary outcomes other than emergency department visits were all cardiac-related: number of readmissions, specialist visits, emergency department visits, and total days readmitted. Secondary …

Boosting Creative Ideation Through Improving Self-Regulation, Sean Teck Hao Lee

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Although creative ideation requires deviating sufficiently from conventional thoughts, people tend to fixate on highly salient and accessible concepts when responding to idea generation tasks. Surmounting such a default tendency then, is crucial to generating creative ideas. Bridging creative cognition with self-regulation research, I hypothesized that inhibitory control over such a default response may require self-regulatory resources. This would suggest that interventions that increase people’s self-regulatory resources may also boost their creativity. However, results from Study 1 did not support this hypothesis. Specifically, there was no significant difference between ego-depleted versus non-depleted participants in terms of inhibitory control over salient …

Essays On Nonstationary Econometrics, Yanbo Liu

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

My dissertation consists of three essays that contribute new theoretical results to robust inference procedures and machine learning algorithms in nonstationary models.

Chapter 2 compares OLS and GLS in autoregressions with integrated noise terms. Grenander and Rosenblatt (2008) gave sufficient conditions for the asymptotic equivalence of GLS and OLS in deterministic trend extraction. However when extending to univariate autoregression model yt = ρnyt−1 + ut , ρn = 1 + c nα , ut = ut−1 + t , and t is one iid disturbance term with zero expectation and σ 2 variance, the asymptotic equivalence no longer holds. Under …

Three Essays On Nonstationary Time Series Econometrics, Yiu Lim Lui

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

This dissertation comprises three papers that separately study different nonstationary time series models.

The first paper, titled as "The Grid Bootstrap for Continuous Time Models", is a joint work with Professor Jun Yu and Professor Weilin Xiao. It considers the grid bootstrap for constructing confidence intervals for the persistence parameter in a class of continuous-time models driven by a Lévy process. Its asymptotic validity is discussed under the assumption that the sampling interval (h) shrinks to zero, the time span (N) goes to infinity or both. Its improvement over the in-fill asymptotic theory is achieved by expanding the coefficient-based statistic …

Essays On Empirical Asset Pricing, Liyao Wang

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

The dissertation consists of four chapters on empirical asset pricing. The first chapter reexamines the existence of time-series momentum. Time-series momentum (TSM) refers to the predictability of the past 12-month return on the next one month return. Using the same data set as Moskowitz, Ooi, and Pedersen (2012) (MOP, henceforth), we show that asset-by-asset time-series regressions reveal little evidence of TSM, both in- and out-of-sample. While the t -statistic in a pooled regression appears large, it is not statistically reliable as it is less than the critical values of parametric and nonparametric bootstraps. From an investment perspective, the performance of …

Kernel-Based Inference In Time-Varying Coefficient Cointegrating Regression, Degui Li, Peter C. B. Phillips, Jiti Gao

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper studies nonlinear cointegrating models with time-varying coefficients and multiple nonstationary regressors using classic kernel smoothing methods to estimate the coefficient functions. Extending earlier work on nonstationary kernel regression to take account of practical features of the data, we allow the regressors to be cointegrated and to embody a mixture of stochastic and deterministic trends, complications which result in asymptotic degeneracy of the kernel-weighted signal matrix. To address these complications new local and global rotation techniques are introduced to transform the covariate space to accommodate multiple scenarios of induced degeneracy. Under regularity conditions we derive asymptotic results that differ …

Reputation Cues As Signals In The Sharing Economy, Sonny Rosenthal, Jean Yi Colette Tan, Ting Fang Poh

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Reputation cues, like star ratings, signal qualities of service providers in the sharing economy and may affect user behavior. Guided by concepts from signaling theory and using a repeated measures experiment (N = 221), this study manipulated the level of star ratings of ride sharing drivers. Intuitive findings are perceived service quality and willingness to use the service provider are higher when the star rating is high versus low. Extending prior work, perceived service quality mediates the effect of reputation on willingness, explaining 83% of the total effect. Also, the direct effect of reputation cues on perceived service quality depends, …

Five Recurring Problems In International Arbitration: The Relationship Between Courts And Arbitral Tribunals, Iris Ng, Melissa Ng, Andre Soh, Siyuan Chen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In recent years, five recurring problems regarding the relationship between courts and tribunals have gained prominence due to case law developments. These run the gamut from preliminary issues with the arbitration agreement to disputes at the enforcement stage. This article examines these problems in detail, with a view to shed new light on the question of what it means for a jurisdiction to be “pro-arbitration”. The authors argue that the oft-repeated binary categorisation of “pro-arbitration” and “anti-arbitration” jurisdictions is too broad-brush. Instead, there is no easy answer to what constitutes a truly “pro-arbitration” approach, and no one-size-fits-all approach to being …

Understanding Assignments: English, Comparative And Private International Law: Some Possible Implications, Chee Ho Tham

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

It is not always appreciated that equitable assignment is not “assignment”, the latter being a mode of transfer which involves substitution of the assignee in place of the assignor as obligee to the obligor of the chose in action which has been assigned. This article explains how the “substitutive transfer” conception of equitable assignment is contradicted by well-accepted features of assignment law, and suggests an alternative, non-substitutive account of equitable assignment which provides for a much better “fit”. This article will then suggest some of the implications which may arise from looking at equitable assignment in this non-substitutive manner.

Identity-Based Encryption Transformation For Flexible Sharing Of Encrypted Data In Public Cloud, Robert H. Deng, Zheng Qin, Qianhong Wu, Zhenyu Guan, Robert H. Deng, Yujue Wang, Yunya Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the rapid development of cloud computing, an increasing number of individuals and organizations are sharing data in the public cloud. To protect the privacy of data stored in the cloud, a data owner usually encrypts his data in such a way that certain designated data users can decrypt the data. This raises a serious problem when the encrypted data needs to be shared to more people beyond those initially designated by the data owner. To address this problem, we introduce and formalize an identity-based encryption transformation (IBET) model by seamlessly integrating two well-established encryption mechanisms, namely identity-basedencryption (IBE) and …

Energy-Efficient Distance-Bounding With Residual Charge Computation, Yunhui Zhuang, Anjia Yang, Gerhard Hancke, Duncan S. Wong, Guomin Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Real-time location systems are often required in industrial applications. In addition to securely determining an item's location, these systems also need to accommodate energy-limited tracking tokens. Distance-bounding protocols enable a Verifier to cryptographically determine an upper-bound on the physical distance to a Prover by measuring the round-trip time of specially designed challenge-response messages. This type of protocols serve as countermeasure to three common attacks on location-based systems and have been extensively studied with the goal of achieving optimal security bounds for the respective attacks. In this paper, we propose a new energy-efficient distance-bounding protocol that protects against all three common …

Techniques To Visualize Occluded Graph Elements For 2.5d Map Editing, Kazuyuki Fujita, Daigo Hayashi, Kotaro Hara, Kazuki Takashima, Yoshifumi Kitamura

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We propose an interface with two novel techniques to visualize occluded graph nodes and edges that help the user edit map data with a 2.5D geographical structure (e.g., multi-floor indoor maps). We first design a visualization technique —Repel Signification— that employs micro-animation to signify the graph elements that are overlapping with each other (and potentially erroneous). We also design a technique that enables the user to edit the occluded components with Expansion Interaction, which simultaneously visualizes both in-floor and across-floor occluded connections between the map elements. The combination of the two methods would enable the map editors (non-experts) to effectively …

A Global Regression Method For Thermal Sharpening Of Urban Land Surface Temperatures From Modis And Landsat, James. W. Wang, Winston T. L. Chow, Yi-Chen Wang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Land surface temperatures (LST) in urban landscapes are typically more heterogeneous than can be monitored by the spatial resolution of satellite-based thermal infrared sensors. Thermal sharpening (TS) methods permit the disaggregation of LST based on finer-grained multispectral information, but there is continued debate over which spectral indices are most appropriate for urban TS, and how they should be configured in a predictive regression framework. In this study, we evaluate the stability of various TS kernels with respect to LST at different spatial (Landsat 8) and diurnal (MODIS) scales, and present a new TS method, global regression for urban thermal sharpening …

Free Bodies, Segmented Selves: Paradoxical Spaces Of Dancehall Culture In Singapore, Orlando Woods

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper contributes to the ongoing expansion of the geographies of encounter by considering how cultural encounters can lead to the realisation, and the segmentation, of the self. As much as cultural differences can be manifested, negotiated and managed externally, so too can these differences be internal states that are realised through engagements with the embodied self. Accordingly, segmented selves are an outcome of the desire for individuals to compartmentalise diverse and disaggregated lives, and to retain a sense of cohesion and harmony within the various socio-cultural communities to which they belong. I bring these ideas to life through an …

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Predictive Insights For Advancing Financial Inclusion: A Human-Centric Ai-Thinking Approach, Meng Leong How, Sin Mei Cheah, Aik Cheow Khor, Yong Jiet Chan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

According to the World Bank, a key factor to poverty reduction and improving prosperity is financial inclusion. Financial service providers (FSPs) offering financially-inclusive solutions need to understand how to approach the underserved successfully. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) on legacy data can help FSPs to anticipate how prospective customers may respond when they are approached. However, it remains challenging for FSPs who are not well-versed in computer programming to implement AI projects. This paper proffers a no-coding human-centric AI-based approach to simulate the possible dynamics between the financial profiles of prospective customers collected from 45,211 contact encounters and predict …

A Cue Adaptive Decoder For Controllable Neural Response Generation, Weichao Wang, Shi Feng, Wei Gao, Daling Wang, Yifei Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In open-domain dialogue systems, dialogue cues such as emotion, persona, and emoji can be incorporated into conversation models for strengthening the semantic relevance of generated responses. Existing neural response generation models either incorporate dialogue cue into decoder’s initial state or embed the cue indiscriminately into the state of every generated word, which may cause the gradients of the embedded cue to vanish or disturb the semantic relevance of generated words during back propagation. In this paper, we propose a Cue Adaptive Decoder (CueAD) that aims to dynamically determine the involvement of a cue at each generation step in the decoding. …

Differentially Private Online Task Assignment In Spatial Crowdsourcing: A Tree-Based Approach, Qian Tao, Yongxin Tong, Zimu Zhou, Yexuan Shi, Lei Chen, Ke Xu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With spatial crowdsourcing applications such as Uber and Waze deeply penetrated into everyday life, there is a growing concern to protect user privacy in spatial crowdsourcing. Particularly, locations of workers and tasks should be properly processed via certain privacy mechanism before reporting to the untrusted spatial crowdsourcing server for task assignment. Privacy mechanisms typically permute the location information, which tends to make task assignment ineffective. Prior studies only provide guarantees on privacy protection without assuring the effectiveness of task assignment. In this paper, we investigate privacy protection for online task assignment with the objective of minimizing the total distance, an …

A New Construction For Linkable Secret Handshake, Yangguang Tian, Yingjiu Li, Robert H. Deng, Nan Li, Guomin Yang, Zheng Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we introduce a new construction for linkable secret handshake that allows authenticated users to perform handshake anonymously within allowable times. We define formal security models for the new construction, and prove that it can achieve session key security, anonymity, untraceability and linkable affiliation-hiding. In particular, the proposed construction ensures that (i) anyone can trace the real identities of dishonest users who perform handshakes for more than k times; and (ii) an optimal communication cost between authorized users is achieved by exploiting the proof of knowledges.

Privacy-Preserving Outsourced Support Vector Machine Design For Secure Drug Discovery, Ximeng Liu, Robert H. Deng, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Yang Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose a framework for privacy-preserving outsourced drug discovery in the cloud, which we refer to as POD. Specifically, POD is designed to allow the cloud to securely use multiple drug formula providers' drug formulas to train Support Vector Machine (SVM) provided by the analytical model provider. In our approach, we design secure computation protocols to allow the cloud server to perform commonly used integer and fraction computations. To securely train the SVM, we design a secure SVM parameter selection protocol to select two SVM parameters and construct a secure sequential minimal optimization protocol to privately refresh …

Voicecoach: Interactive Evidence-Based Training For Voice Modulation Skills In Public Speaking, Xingbo Wang, Haipeng Zeng, Yong Wang, Aoyu Wu, Zhida Sun, Xiaojuan Ma, Qu Huamin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The modulation of voice properties, such as pitch, volume, and speed, is crucial for delivering a successful public speech. However, it is challenging to master different voice modulation skills. Though many guidelines are available, they are often not practical enough to be applied in different public speaking situations, especially for novice speakers. We present VoiceCoach, an interactive evidence-based approach to facilitate the effective training of voice modulation skills. Specifically, we have analyzed the voice modulation skills from 2623 high-quality speeches (i.e., TED Talks) and use them as the benchmark dataset. Given a voice input, VoiceCoach automatically recommends good voice modulation …

Predictive Task Assignment In Spatial Crowdsourcing: A Data-Driven Approach, Yan Zhao, Kai Zheng, Yue Cui, Han Su, Feida Zhu, Xiaofang Zhou

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the rapid development of mobile networks and the widespread usage of mobile devices, spatial crowdsourcing, which refers to assigning location-based tasks to moving workers, has drawn increasing attention. One of the major issues in spatial crowdsourcing is task assignment, which allocates tasks to appropriate workers. However, existing works generally assume the static offline scenarios, where the spatio-temporal information of all the workers and tasks is determined and known a priori. Ignorance of the dynamic spatio-temporal distributions of workers and tasks can often lead to poor assignment results. In this work we study a novel spatial crowdsourcing problem, namely Predictive …

Are These Comments Triggering? Predicting Triggers Of Toxicity In Online Discussions, Hind Almerekhi, Haewoon Kwak, Joni Salminen, Bernard J. Jansen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Understanding the causes or triggers of toxicity adds a new dimension to the prevention of toxic behavior in online discussions. In this research, we define toxicity triggers in online discussions as a non-toxic comment that lead to toxic replies. Then, we build a neural network-based prediction model for toxicity trigger. The prediction model incorporates text-based features and derived features from previous studies that pertain to shifts in sentiment, topic flow, and discussion context. Our findings show that triggers of toxicity contain identifiable features and that incorporating shift features with the discussion context can be detected with a ROC-AUC score of …

Understanding The Relation Between Repeat Developer Interactions And Bug Resolution Times In Large Open Source Ecosystems: A Multisystem Study, Subhajit Datta, Reshma Roychoudhuri, Subhashis Majumder

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large‐scale software systems are being increasingly built by distributed teams of developers who interact across geographies and time zones. Ensuring smooth knowledge transfer and the percolation of skills within and across such teams remain key challenges for organizations. Towards addressing this challenge, organizations often grapple with questions around whether and how repeat collaborations between members of a team relate to outcomes of important activities. In the context of this paper, the word ‘repeat interaction’ does not imply a greater number of interactions; it refers to repeat interaction between a pair of developers who have collaborated before. In this paper, we …