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School Resources And Teen Suicide Risk, 1991–2016: A Longitudinal Analysis At The State Level, Megan Thiele Strong, Javier Corredor May 2025

School Resources And Teen Suicide Risk, 1991–2016: A Longitudinal Analysis At The State Level, Megan Thiele Strong, Javier Corredor

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Purpose: Research shows that teachers’ salaries influence educational and non-educational outcomes. And still, too few studies explore whether teacher compensation patterns correlate with student mental health outcomes. This research attends to this gap and asks: at the state level, does the average K-12 teacher salary predict teen suicide risk? Design/methodology/approach: We use an original panel time-series dataset which includes average teacher salary, teen suicide rate and economic, religious and sociocultural control variables at the state level. We analyze this data using two analytical strategies. First, we build mixed models with teachers’ salaries and the covariates as fixed effects and state …

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Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Hearing Education Project For Patients And Their Care Partners, Jennifer Mahoney May 2025

Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Hearing Education Project For Patients And Their Care Partners, Jennifer Mahoney

Doctoral Projects

Hearing loss is a significant communication issue that impacts relationships, safety, and mental and physical health. There is an increased risk of dementia as well as increased mortality associated with untreated hearing loss. Hearing aids are one of the main treatments for hearing loss, but they are frequently not used. Cognitive impairment, osteoarthritis of the hands, cost and complexity are some of the reasons that hearing aids do not get utilized. But research has shown that involving family members and care partners in trainings on how to use hearing aids may increase use of them. The goal of this project …

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Spartan Daily, May 6, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications May 2025

Spartan Daily, May 6, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 164, Issue 41

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A Four-Year Longitudinal Study Of Effectiveness Of Evidence-Based Bundle Practices For Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections In An Academic Health Care Center, May Mei-Sheng Riley May 2025

A Four-Year Longitudinal Study Of Effectiveness Of Evidence-Based Bundle Practices For Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections In An Academic Health Care Center, May Mei-Sheng Riley

Doctoral Projects

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) significantly contribute to morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and elevated healthcare costs, underscoring the crucial need for prevention to ensure patient safety. Despite ongoing mitigation efforts, CAUTI prevalence remained a concern in our facility at the time of this study. Catheter insertion and maintenance bundles, a recognized framework utilizing teamwork, collaboration, and focused interventions, were implemented to reduce CAUTIs and improve patient safety. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these bundles in reducing CAUTIs and catheter utilization to identify best practices for enhanced catheter management and care quality.

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Models Of Inquiry And The Learner: A Fresh Look, David Vickers Loertscher, Michelle Young May 2025

Models Of Inquiry And The Learner: A Fresh Look, David Vickers Loertscher, Michelle Young

Learning Hub

This article re-examines models of inquiry through a learner-centered lens, challenging traditional notions of how information fluency is taught in school libraries. Drawing from decades of inquiry research and current developments like artificial intelligence, design thinking, and student motivation science, the authors advocate for a more personalized, visual, and student-driven approach to inquiry instruction. Key examples include student-generated inquiry models and visual representations of learning journeys as tools for assessment and reflection. The article also explores the librarian’s role in embedding inquiry across disciplines and collaborating with educators to foster critical, creative, and self-directed learners. Practical proposals include the use …

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Improving Communication And Job Satisfaction: Utilizing Team Strategies And Tools To Enhance Performance And Patient Safety (Teamstepps) For Interventional Service Areas, Sukhbinder Kaur Sangha May 2025

Improving Communication And Job Satisfaction: Utilizing Team Strategies And Tools To Enhance Performance And Patient Safety (Teamstepps) For Interventional Service Areas, Sukhbinder Kaur Sangha

Doctoral Projects

Purpose: Improved communication and job satisfaction among staff are essential for those working in high-stress critical care environments like the cardiac catheterization laboratory (Cath Lab). The purpose of this investigation was to utilize the quality improvement initiative Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) to improve attitudes and job satisfaction in the Cath Lab. Method: A total of 30 subjects participated in a TeamSTEPPS educational intervention. After obtaining informed consent, a demographic survey, a pre- and post-test TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ) and Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) were administered. The post-test included open-ended questions for feedback …

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Enhancing Hospital Throughput With The Power Of Reminders: Implementing A Discharge Before Noon Strategy At An Urban Teaching Hospital, Jessie Ventura May 2025

Enhancing Hospital Throughput With The Power Of Reminders: Implementing A Discharge Before Noon Strategy At An Urban Teaching Hospital, Jessie Ventura

Doctoral Projects

The doctoral project deploys a "Discharge Before Noon" strategy at an urban teaching hospital to resolve discharge delays and improve patient throughput efficiency. Hospitals experiencing overcrowding must prioritize timely patient discharges to enhance clinical results and operational performance. The project adopted the PARIHS framework to steer implementation through its emphasis on evidence-based practices, contextual factors, and facilitation strategies. The research gathered discharge data and team coordination results before and after the intervention period. The findings revealed elevated discharge numbers before noon and substantial progress in interdisciplinary team collaboration. The initiative indicated an optimizing trend for discharge procedures, even though statistical …

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Does The Transit Industry Understand The Risks Of Cybersecurity And Are The Risks Being Appropriately Prioritized?, Scott F. Belcher, Terri Belcher, James Grimes, Lusa Holmstrom, Andy Souders May 2025

Does The Transit Industry Understand The Risks Of Cybersecurity And Are The Risks Being Appropriately Prioritized?, Scott F. Belcher, Terri Belcher, James Grimes, Lusa Holmstrom, Andy Souders

Mineta Transportation Institute

The intent of this study is to assess the readiness, resourcing, and capabilities of public transit agencies to detect, identify, be protected from, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats. This study is an update of the 2020 Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) study, “Is the Transit Industry Prepared for the Cyber Revolution? Policy Recommendations to Enhance Surface Transit Cyber Preparedness.” In the previous study, the authors found that the transit industry was ill-prepared for cybersecurity attacks. Unfortunately, after four years and the development of new, and often free, resources, the situation has not markedly improved. In fact, this …

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An Energy Balance Climate Model For Mars Represented By 4002 Goldberg Polyhedrals With Applications To Ground Ice Re-Distribution Driven By Obliquity Cycles, Robert Olszewski, Piotr Pałka, Agnieszka Wendland, Alison F.C. Bridger, Melinda A. Kahre, Christopher P. Mckay May 2025

An Energy Balance Climate Model For Mars Represented By 4002 Goldberg Polyhedrals With Applications To Ground Ice Re-Distribution Driven By Obliquity Cycles, Robert Olszewski, Piotr Pałka, Agnieszka Wendland, Alison F.C. Bridger, Melinda A. Kahre, Christopher P. Mckay

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We have developed a surface energy balance model for Mars based on representing the surface of Mars with a Goldberg polyhedral of 4002 cells. The approach using discretization of space with Goldberg polygons made it possible not only to obtain homogeneous spatial resolution but also the absence of a singularity at the poles in the model. In addition to the radiation terms, the surface energy balance includes CO2 condensation and evaporation, the diffusive exchange of heat between cells, heat exchange with the subsurface, and a representation of the large-scale transport of heat from the equator to pole. We validate the …

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How To Use Social Media And Artificial Intelligence To Promote Mental Health Among Chinese And Chinese American College Students In The U.S., Ni Zhang, Jingru Guan, Terry Zou, Tianqin Shi, Kaikai Liu May 2025

How To Use Social Media And Artificial Intelligence To Promote Mental Health Among Chinese And Chinese American College Students In The U.S., Ni Zhang, Jingru Guan, Terry Zou, Tianqin Shi, Kaikai Liu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This study explored the potential of using social media and artificial intelligence (AI) to tackle language and cultural barriers in order to promote mental health among Chinese and Chinese American college students. Ten bilingual (Chinese Mandarin and English) focus group sessions were conducted over Zoom with 26 Chinese and Chinese American students at a university on the west coast of the United States between October 2023 and February 2024. Thematic analysis of the focus group meeting transcripts was conducted via deductive coding and then inductive selection of quotes on Google Document and Nvivo. Social media provides a platform for providing …

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Maternal Drinking, Stress And Use Of Aggressive Parenting Over The Course Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer Price Wolf, Bridget Freisthler May 2025

Maternal Drinking, Stress And Use Of Aggressive Parenting Over The Course Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer Price Wolf, Bridget Freisthler

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic had a demonstrated impact on parenting but little is known about how parental drinking, stress, and use of aggressive discipline (a parenting behavior associated with abusive parenting and negative outcomes for children) have changed over time. We examine rates of alcohol use, stress, and aggressive discipline at three time points during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate what maternal, child, and time-varying factors predict weekly use of aggressive parenting. Methods: We use longitudinal data from the Central Ohio Family Study (COFLS), including women (n = 234) with a child between the ages of 0–12 and recruited via …

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Comment On "Brownian Motion Of Droplets Induced By Thermal Noise", J. B. Bell, A. Nonaka, A. L. Garcia May 2025

Comment On "Brownian Motion Of Droplets Induced By Thermal Noise", J. B. Bell, A. Nonaka, A. L. Garcia

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We simulate phase separated fluids using the Cahn-Hillard fluctuating hydrodynamic (CH-FHD) model and measure the statistical properties of capillary waves generated by thermal fluctuations. Our measurements are in good agreement with stochastic lubrication theory and molecular dynamics simulations but differ significantly from recent CH-FHD results by Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. E 109, 024208 (2024)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.109.024208]. Specifically, we find that capillary wave statistics at thermodynamic equilibrium are independent of transport properties, namely viscosity and species diffusion.

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Aircraft Routing And Crew Pairing Solutions: Robust Integrated Model Based On Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Chengjin Ding, Yuzhen Guo, Jianlin Jiang, Wenbin Wei, Weiwei Wu May 2025

Aircraft Routing And Crew Pairing Solutions: Robust Integrated Model Based On Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Chengjin Ding, Yuzhen Guo, Jianlin Jiang, Wenbin Wei, Weiwei Wu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Every year, airlines invest considerable resources in recovering from irregular operations caused by delays and disruptions to aircraft and crew. Consequently, the need to reschedule aircraft and crew to better address these problems has become pressing. The airline scheduling problem comprises two stages—that is, the Aircraft-Routing Problem (ARP) and the Crew-Pairing Problem (CPP). While the ARP and CPP have traditionally been solved sequentially, such an approach fails to capture their interdependencies, often compromising the robustness of aircraft and crew schedules in the face of disruptions. However, existing integrated ARP and CPP models often apply static rules for buffer time allocation, …

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Diverse Residents' Experiences Of Policing And Attitudes Towards Law Enforcement: Findings From A Large Community-Based Survey In San José, California, Soma De Bourbon, Michael Dao, Melissa Mc Clure Fuller, William Armaline, Curtis Asplund, Rachel Kumar, Daniel Desanto, Jaala Robinson, Derrick Sanderlin, Miranda Worthen May 2025

Diverse Residents' Experiences Of Policing And Attitudes Towards Law Enforcement: Findings From A Large Community-Based Survey In San José, California, Soma De Bourbon, Michael Dao, Melissa Mc Clure Fuller, William Armaline, Curtis Asplund, Rachel Kumar, Daniel Desanto, Jaala Robinson, Derrick Sanderlin, Miranda Worthen

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Despite widespread debate on public safety policy, few studies explore diverse community members’ perspectives on safety and policing. This community-based participatory research study assessed perspectives on city spending, opinions about law enforcement policy, perspectives on police and safety, direct experiences with police, and perspectives on alternatives to policing in San José, California, one of the ten largest cities in the United States. Between July 27, 2021 – January 14, 2022, we conducted an online survey, available in 7 languages, and obtained 1,595 responses. Respondents supported increased funding for community safety resources (73%) and helping residents meet basic needs (67%). A …

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Temporal Reversibility Of Reactive Systems Out Of Equilibrium: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, O. Politano, Alejandro L. Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour May 2025

Temporal Reversibility Of Reactive Systems Out Of Equilibrium: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, O. Politano, Alejandro L. Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy production in macroscopic systems is non-negative, reaching zero only at thermodynamic equilibrium. As a corollary, this implies that the state trajectory of macroscopic systems is inherently time-irreversible under out-of-equilibrium conditions. However, over the past half-century, various studies have shown that this principle does not universally apply to the composition sample paths of certain isothermal reactive systems. Theoretical frameworks leading to this surprising observation primarily focus on perfectly homogeneous systems (often referred to as zero-dimensional systems), which inherently exclude the effects of local fluctuations. This oversimplification may account for the paradoxical theoretical predictions. …

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Energetic Cost Of Human Disturbance On The Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris Nereis), Heather E. Barrett, M. Tim Tinker, Gena Bentall, Birgitte I. Mcdonald May 2025

Energetic Cost Of Human Disturbance On The Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris Nereis), Heather E. Barrett, M. Tim Tinker, Gena Bentall, Birgitte I. Mcdonald

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

With increased human populations and tourism in coastal areas, there is greater potential for disturbance of marine wildlife. Because of their high metabolic rates, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are at particular risk of increased energetic costs due to human disturbance. We used scan surveys to monitor southern sea otter (E. l. nereis) activity and potential disturbance stimuli over 5 years (2015–2020) at 3 California, USA, study sites: Monterey, Moss Landing, and Morro Bay. We developed a process-based, hierarchical model of sea otter behavior, which we fit to survey data to examine how activity varies in response to the occurrence of …

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The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Transit In The San Francisco Bay Area, Richard W. Lee, David B. Reinke, Christopher E. Ferrell, Charles Rivasplata, John M. Eells, Luana Chen May 2025

The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Transit In The San Francisco Bay Area, Richard W. Lee, David B. Reinke, Christopher E. Ferrell, Charles Rivasplata, John M. Eells, Luana Chen

Mineta Transportation Institute

This report presents the findings from our study for the California State Assembly Transportation Committee on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Bay Area Transit. The study consisted of a review of the literature on the effects of the pandemic on transit in the US, a detailed look at changes in ridership and economics for Bay Area transit agencies, comparisons of Bay Area transit ridership changes to those in similar US metropolitan areas, and analysis of possible remedies to restore the financial health of Bay Area transit agencies. Bay Area transit ridership has recovered somewhat from the depths of …

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Artificial Intelligence In Modern Game Development, Karan Raval May 2025

Artificial Intelligence In Modern Game Development, Karan Raval

ART 108: Introduction to Games Studies

Artificial intelligence has transformed the landscape of game development in ways early pioneers could only imagine. In my project I explore four major phases of AI evolution: classical AI methods, the rise of machine learning, the advent of transformer architectures, and a spirited debate about whether transformers truly think. To illustrate these shifts I use examples like MYCIN, which helped doctors decide treatments, and Deep Blue, which beat a world chess champion. You’ve probably lost track of time exploring an open world that adapts to your choices, right? That sense of immersion is powered by AI behind the scenes. From …

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Improving Nurse Confidence Around Communication With Physician Partners Through The Caritas Processes, Deborah M. Yracheta May 2025

Improving Nurse Confidence Around Communication With Physician Partners Through The Caritas Processes, Deborah M. Yracheta

Doctoral Projects

Nurses are the eyes and ears at the bedside during a patient’s hospital stay. They are responsible for communicating significant changes in a patient’s health status, mainly to their physician partners. Unfortunately, good communication between nurses and doctors is a shortcoming of the nursing profession. Seven thousand reviewed malpractice lawsuits were directly related to poor provider communication, resulting in $1.7 billion in malpractice cases and 2,000 preventable deaths. These communication errors also lead to prolonged hospital delays in care, underscoring the need for improved communication. These poor outcomes compromise patients’ lives, safety, and well-being and decrease patient satisfaction scores, ultimately …

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Spartan Daily, May 1, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications May 2025

Spartan Daily, May 1, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 164, Issue 40

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Finding Bert Errors By Clustering Activation Vectors, William B. Andreopoulos, Dominic Lopez, Carlos Rojas, Vedashree P. Bhandare May 2025

Finding Bert Errors By Clustering Activation Vectors, William B. Andreopoulos, Dominic Lopez, Carlos Rojas, Vedashree P. Bhandare

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The non-linear nature of deep neural networks makes it difficult to interpret the reason behind their output, thus reducing verifiability of the system where these models are applied. Understanding the patterns between activation vectors and predictions could give insight as to erroneous classifications and how to identify them. This paper explains a systematic approach to identifying the clusters with the most misclassifications or false label annotations. For this research, we extracted the activation vectors from a deep learning model, DNABERT, and visualized them using t-SNE to decode the reason behind the results that are produced. We applied K-means in a …

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Whole Grains And Ancient Wheats: Knowledge, Attitudes, Consumption Behavior And Sensory Liking Of Breads Among Participants In The United States, Caroline Morey, Jamie Kubota, Sulekha Anand, Xi Feng May 2025

Whole Grains And Ancient Wheats: Knowledge, Attitudes, Consumption Behavior And Sensory Liking Of Breads Among Participants In The United States, Caroline Morey, Jamie Kubota, Sulekha Anand, Xi Feng

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Consumer interest in ancient grains has been growing in the United States over the last 10 years. Whole grain ancient wheats incorporation into breads may be a way to increase whole grain consumption among Americans, but there is no research evaluating sensory liking of whole ancient wheat breads among American consumers. The objective of this study was to explore the sensory liking of whole ancient wheat bread types and to explore factors that may be associated with sensory preferences. The study recruited 104 untrained participants of diverse ethnicities affiliated with San José State University (San José, CA 95192, USA). Participants …

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Applying Dynamic Dyadic Systems To Explore Features Of Relationship-Centered Care Among Spanish And Non-Spanish Speaking Patients, Marie C. Haverfield, Yuwei Li, Rachyl Pines, Tyler Kyte, Daria Titova, Jennifer A. Theiss May 2025

Applying Dynamic Dyadic Systems To Explore Features Of Relationship-Centered Care Among Spanish And Non-Spanish Speaking Patients, Marie C. Haverfield, Yuwei Li, Rachyl Pines, Tyler Kyte, Daria Titova, Jennifer A. Theiss

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Objective: Relationship-centered care (RCC) positions the exchange between patient and provider as central to patient care. Due to limitations in analytical approach, how the relational exchange develops throughout the clinical visit remains unclear. Dynamic dyadic systems (DDS) perspectives overcome these limitations to reveal interdependencies and evolving patterns in turn-taking sequences within dyads. We applied DDS analyses to examine how features of RCC manifest during clinical visits with Spanish-speaking Latinx and English-speaking non-Latinx patients. Methods: We analyzed transcripts from 13 primary care visits (5 with Latinx patients, 8 with non-Latinx patients). Interaction turns totaled N = 2394 units of analysis. Dyadic …

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A Comprehensive Study Of Impacts Of “Q” Bus Rapid Transit System On Blackstone Avenue, Yertai Tanai, Kamil Ciftci May 2025

A Comprehensive Study Of Impacts Of “Q” Bus Rapid Transit System On Blackstone Avenue, Yertai Tanai, Kamil Ciftci

Mineta Transportation Institute

This study examines the dual impact of the Fresno Area Express (FAX) Q Line, a 15.7-mile Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system launched in 2018, on the Fresno housing market and passenger satisfaction. The Q Line, designed to modernize public transit, features eco-friendly compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, real-time passenger information, and improved service efficiency. Housing market analysis focused on residential properties sold between 2012 and 2024, utilizing Geographic Information System(GIS) mapping to segment properties into three regions: the Q Line corridor, an outer buffer zone, and the rest of Fresno. Results indicate no statistically significant increase in property values within …

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Assessing Perceived Safety Of Non Motorized Travel With Virtual Reality, Vahid Balali, Sahand Fathi May 2025

Assessing Perceived Safety Of Non Motorized Travel With Virtual Reality, Vahid Balali, Sahand Fathi

Mineta Transportation Institute

Cycling is increasingly advocated as a healthier and more sustainable mode of transportation, as reflected in both scholarly literature and policy initiatives. Nonetheless, the escalation in bicyclist crash fatalities underscores deficiencies in extant roadway designs that inadequately safeguard these vulnerable users. A persistent challenge in the examination of bicyclist safety, behavior, and comfort is the paucity of comprehensive cycling data. To enhance understanding of cyclists' behavioral and physiological responses safely and efficiently, this investigation utilizes a bicycle simulator within an immersive virtual environment (IVE). Off-the-shelf sensors are employed to evaluate cyclists' performance metrics (speed and lane position) and physiological responses …

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Spartan Daily, April 30, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Apr 2025

Spartan Daily, April 30, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 164, Issue 36

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Spartan Daily, April 29, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Apr 2025

Spartan Daily, April 29, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 164, Issue 38

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Exploring Self-Dehumanization As A Factor In Misinformation Belief And Spread, Andrew Weiss, Souvick Ghosh, Frances Johnson Apr 2025

Exploring Self-Dehumanization As A Factor In Misinformation Belief And Spread, Andrew Weiss, Souvick Ghosh, Frances Johnson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The role of dehumanization is little explored in the literature of misinformation studies, primarily seen as a mechanism of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) to denigrate members of targeted outgroups. One noted aspect of dehumanization is the unexpected impact it has on the person enacting it as well as victims, resulting in the noticeable phenomenon of self-dehumanization, in which persons deny their own humanity. Notably, a link to self-dehumanization in information behavior may be evident in the foundational research of Eflreda Chatman, whose examination of information poverty, life in the round and normative behavioral theory resulted in sometimes perplexing findings where those …

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Staff Development And Job Motivation As Predictors Of Job Performance Of Library Staff In Selected Universities In Ogun State, Oluwaseyi Esther Afolabi, Mary Olanike Awogbami, Daniel Whenayon Hundo Apr 2025

Staff Development And Job Motivation As Predictors Of Job Performance Of Library Staff In Selected Universities In Ogun State, Oluwaseyi Esther Afolabi, Mary Olanike Awogbami, Daniel Whenayon Hundo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examined the influence of staff development and job motivation on the job performance of library staff in selected universities in Ogun State. The study utilised a descriptive survey research design of the correlation type. The population of this study comprised 146 library staff, and a total enumeration was employed for this study. Out of 146 copies of the questionnaire administered, 113 copies were returned, collated and found valuable for the study. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences software version was used to analyse data using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression. Results showed …

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Spartan Daily, April 24, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Apr 2025

Spartan Daily, April 24, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 164, Issue 37

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