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Stream Behavior Characterization Of Marin County Coastal Watersheds And Their Influence On Salmonid Habitat, Ellie L. Murdoch Dec 2025

Stream Behavior Characterization Of Marin County Coastal Watersheds And Their Influence On Salmonid Habitat, Ellie L. Murdoch

Master's Theses

Coastal watersheds in California are increasingly affected by climatic variability, threatening stream behavior, ecological function, and salmonid habitat suitability. This study evaluated streamflow behavior of seven watersheds in Marin County, California, with detailed analysis of Corte Madera, Olema, and Redwood watersheds, which are not influenced by reservoir releases. Using USGS stream gauge records, PRISM climate data, SSURGO soils, and geologic and vegetation information, streamflow metrics critical to salmonid life cycles were quantified for water years 2014 to 2023. Watersheds with greater storage capacity, such as Redwood, exhibited muted hydrologic responses, including delayed flow activation, lower peak flows, slower recession rates, …

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A Large-Scale, Multi-Site Examination Of Resting State Functional Connectivity In Tinnitus, Sara A. Schmidt, Somayeh Shahsavarani, Rafay A. Khan, Yihsin Tai, Elsa C. Granato, Caterina M. Willson, Pedro Ramos, Paul Sherman, Carlos Esquivel, Fatima T. Husain Dec 2025

A Large-Scale, Multi-Site Examination Of Resting State Functional Connectivity In Tinnitus, Sara A. Schmidt, Somayeh Shahsavarani, Rafay A. Khan, Yihsin Tai, Elsa C. Granato, Caterina M. Willson, Pedro Ramos, Paul Sherman, Carlos Esquivel, Fatima T. Husain

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Resting state functional connectivity (RS-FC) studies of tinnitus are useful tools for identifying neural mechanisms and potential treatment options for patients. Building on our previous work demonstrating the replicability of RS-FCin individuals with tinnitus and controls, we attempted to investigate the factors leading to published inconsistent findings by examining resting state networks in participant groups across two different study sites: civilians recruited from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; and military-affiliated participants recruited at the Hearig Center of Excellence at Lackland Airforce Base in San Antonio, Texas. Multiple analyses were performed: an overall analysis comparing tinnitus and control participants combined across …

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How Consumers’ Risk-Related Perceptions And Attitudes Evolved As A High-Risk/Reward Technology Market Emerged–The Internet Of Things, Simon A. Rodan, Nitin Aggarwal, Timothy R. Hill, Leslie J. Albert Dec 2025

How Consumers’ Risk-Related Perceptions And Attitudes Evolved As A High-Risk/Reward Technology Market Emerged–The Internet Of Things, Simon A. Rodan, Nitin Aggarwal, Timothy R. Hill, Leslie J. Albert

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We examine the evolution of risk-related purchase intention dynamics over a high-growth period of consumer market emergence for IoT devices (2019–2023) with implications for other high-risk/reward emerging technology consumer markets. Through longitudinal analysis we find the counteracting effects of device riskiness and coolness continue to offset each other as expected but the net effect is that purchase intention has increased during the period studied, even as coolness perceptions of the same devices plateaued. Consumers now better recognize the usefulness of IoT capabilities and that those capabilities matter (though their “IoT-ness” appears less salient now as the capabilities themselves appear the …

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A Methodology To Reconstruct The Extent And Dynamics Of Historic Wildfires (1850-1950) In The Santa Cruz Mountains Of California, David Vásquez Ospina Dec 2025

A Methodology To Reconstruct The Extent And Dynamics Of Historic Wildfires (1850-1950) In The Santa Cruz Mountains Of California, David Vásquez Ospina

Master's Theses

This thesis reconstructs the extent and dynamics of historic wildfires in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California between 1850 and 1950 using qualitative archival evidence from historical newspapers, maps, and related documents. A systematically coded database of 225 reports, consolidated into 155 unique wildfire events, was developed to analyze temporal and spatial patterns, ignition sources, vegetation types, suppression strategies, and impacts on communities and infrastructure. Historical rainfall records from the Boulder Creek station were integrated using water-year totals, three-year rolling averages, and standardized precipitation indices to examine how multi-year dryness relates to fire occurrence and size. Linear regressions show only …

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Spartan Daily, December 4, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 2025

Spartan Daily, December 4, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 165, Issue 42

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Building A Data-Driven Security Ai Framework Using Machine Learning Models, Christopher Chan Vi Dec 2025

Building A Data-Driven Security Ai Framework Using Machine Learning Models, Christopher Chan Vi

Master's Theses

This research project explores a modern approach to Intrusion Detection System (IDS) anomaly detection by leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Large Language Models (LLM), and Explainable AI (XAI). The purpose is to assess the effectiveness of these technologies in enhancing the understanding of intrusion events. This research study addresses the challenges of threshold determination and the interpretability of anomaly detection results. The proposed solution involves an LLM-based framework with XAI capabilities, integrated with a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture, to provide clear explanations for detected anomalies, utilizing both custom and pre-trained datasets. The study navigated inherent challenges, including …

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Spartan Daily, December 03, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 2025

Spartan Daily, December 03, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 165, Issue 41

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Molecular Taxonomy Of The Guitarfish Genus Acroteriobatus (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae), Mia J. Groeneveld, Juliana D. Klein, Michaela Van Staden, Rhett H. Bennett, Matthew L. Dicken, David A. Ebert, Bruce Q. Mann, Kashmika Perumal, Ralph G.A. Watson, Aletta E.Bester Van Der Merwe Dec 2025

Molecular Taxonomy Of The Guitarfish Genus Acroteriobatus (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae), Mia J. Groeneveld, Juliana D. Klein, Michaela Van Staden, Rhett H. Bennett, Matthew L. Dicken, David A. Ebert, Bruce Q. Mann, Kashmika Perumal, Ralph G.A. Watson, Aletta E.Bester Van Der Merwe

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Guitarfish species (genus Acroteriobatus) display restricted distributions in undermanaged regions of intense fishing pressure. The importance of accurate specimen identification is well established, especially in the context of conservation management. However, guitarfishes remain poorly understood, which is exacerbated by taxonomic uncertainty due to morphological similarity. We therefore aimed (1) to identify molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) within Acroteriobatus by analysing sampled specimens as well as publicly available sequence data for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) genes, and (2) to augment and review the representation of these sequences on public databases. A …

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Spartan Daily, December 2, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Dec 2025

Spartan Daily, December 2, 2025, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2025

Volume 165, Issue 40

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Caring For Others And Self Care: Examining “Good” Care Among The Older Vietnamese Community In San José, California, Chloe Nguyen Dec 2025

Caring For Others And Self Care: Examining “Good” Care Among The Older Vietnamese Community In San José, California, Chloe Nguyen

Master's Theses

In this thesis, I present a study of the older Vietnamese community in San José, California. I explore the concept of "good" care through the anthropology of care, a conceptual framework that examines how care is understood and practiced across different cultural and social contexts. Using ethnographic methods, such as interviews and participant observation, I examine caregiving practices and experiences, as well as community members' perceptions of what constitutes "good" care. I draw on concepts of "good" care, reciprocal caregiving, and self-care to analyze themes that emerge from their caregiving practices and experiences. I also discuss caregiving at a distance …

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A Morphological Cell Atlas Of The Freshwater Sponge Ephydatia Muelleri With Key Insights From Targeted Single-Cell Transcriptomes, Sally P. Leys, Lauren Grombacher, Daniel Field, Glen R.D. Elliott, Vanessa R. Ho, Amanda S. Kahn, Pamela J. Reid, Ana Riesgo, Emilio Lanna, Yuriy Bobkov, Joseph F. Ryan, April L. Horton Dec 2025

A Morphological Cell Atlas Of The Freshwater Sponge Ephydatia Muelleri With Key Insights From Targeted Single-Cell Transcriptomes, Sally P. Leys, Lauren Grombacher, Daniel Field, Glen R.D. Elliott, Vanessa R. Ho, Amanda S. Kahn, Pamela J. Reid, Ana Riesgo, Emilio Lanna, Yuriy Bobkov, Joseph F. Ryan, April L. Horton

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

How animal cell types, tissues, and regional body plans arose is a fundamental question in EvoDevo. Many current efforts attempt to link genetic information to the morphology of cells, tissues and regionalization of animal body plans using single-cell sequencing of cell populations. However, a lack of in-depth understanding of the morphology of non-bilaterian animals remains a considerable block to understanding the transitions between bilaterian and non-bilaterian cells and tissues. Sponges (Porifera), one of the earliest diverging animal phyla, pose a particular challenge to this endeavour, because their body plans lack mouths, gut, conventional muscle and nervous systems. With a goal …

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Balancing Earth Science Careers In An Unequal World, Nadia Testani, Lucía M. Cappelletti, Leandro B. Díaz, Camila Prudente, Valentina Rabanal, Julia Mindlin, Reyk Börner, Divya David T, Ismaila Diallo, Inés M. Leyba, Marisol Osman, Andrés Tangarife-Escobar Dec 2025

Balancing Earth Science Careers In An Unequal World, Nadia Testani, Lucía M. Cappelletti, Leandro B. Díaz, Camila Prudente, Valentina Rabanal, Julia Mindlin, Reyk Börner, Divya David T, Ismaila Diallo, Inés M. Leyba, Marisol Osman, Andrés Tangarife-Escobar

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Unequal research experiences among Earth scientists from around the world are an obstacle to achieving sustainability. We assess challenges and propose ways to balance the careers of early- and mid-career researchers in the Global South with those in the Global North.

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Long-Term Influence Of Prescribed Burning On Subsequent Wildfire In An Old-Growth Coast Redwood Forest, Sky Biblin, Will Russell, Kate Wilkin Dec 2025

Long-Term Influence Of Prescribed Burning On Subsequent Wildfire In An Old-Growth Coast Redwood Forest, Sky Biblin, Will Russell, Kate Wilkin

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Prescribed burning is an effective tool for reducing fuels in many forest types, yet there have been few opportunities to study forest resilience to wildfire in areas previously treated. In 2020, a large-scale high-intensity wildfire burned through an old-growth coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forest with a mixed land management history, providing a rare opportunity to compare early post-wildfire data between areas with and without previous application of prescribed burning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between these two treatments in terms of tree mortality, stand structure, fuel composition, and post-wildfire regeneration. Field data were collected …

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A Multimodal Framework For Enhancing E-Commerce Information Management Using Vision Transformers And Large Language Models, Anitha Balachandran, Mohammad Masum Dec 2025

A Multimodal Framework For Enhancing E-Commerce Information Management Using Vision Transformers And Large Language Models, Anitha Balachandran, Mohammad Masum

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In the rapidly advancing field of visual search technology, traditional methods that rely only on visual features often struggle with accuracy and relevance. This challenge is particularly evident in e-commerce, where precise product recommendations are critical, and is further complicated by keyword stuffing in product descriptions. To address these limitations, this study introduces BiLens, a multimodal recommendation framework that integrates both visual and textual information. BiLens leverages large language models (LLMs) to generate descriptive captions from image queries, which are transformed into word embeddings, and extracts visual features using Vision Transformers (ViT). The visual and textual representations are integrated using …

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Human Contributions To Safety Data Testbed Flight Simulation Study: Data Methods, Processing, And Quality, Tyler Fettrow, Chad Stephens, Lance Prinzel, Jon Holbrook, Kathryn Ballard, Sepehr Bastami, Michael Stewart, Daniel Kiggins Dec 2025

Human Contributions To Safety Data Testbed Flight Simulation Study: Data Methods, Processing, And Quality, Tyler Fettrow, Chad Stephens, Lance Prinzel, Jon Holbrook, Kathryn Ballard, Sepehr Bastami, Michael Stewart, Daniel Kiggins

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

NASA’s System-Wide Safety Project achieved a pivotal milestone through a structured observation simulation experiment aiming to transform safety in aviation. Building on prior initiatives, the study investigates pilot behavior and resilience during challenging scenarios. We studied 24 commercial pilots performing simulated real-world challenges during approach to KCLT such as traffic compression, convective weather, and modulating workload. We acquired standard human factors assessments like NASA-TLX and SART, and also collected a variety of psychophysiological measures such as EEG, ECG, and eye tracking. We employed custom questionnaires and retrospective think-aloud exercises to enable quantifying resilient and safe behavior. Video and audio were …

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Experiences Of U.S. Frontline Physicians During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study, Robin L. Whitney, Melissa Gosdin, Sabrina F. Loureiro, Marykate Miller, Joy Melnikow, Richard L. Kravitz Dec 2025

Experiences Of U.S. Frontline Physicians During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study, Robin L. Whitney, Melissa Gosdin, Sabrina F. Loureiro, Marykate Miller, Joy Melnikow, Richard L. Kravitz

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused profound and rapid changes in patient care and healthcare system organization. There is a compelling need for insight into the challenges that confronted physicians during the early phase of the pandemic to identify successful adaptations and strategies that minimize disruption to patient care and protect clinician wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to understand physicians’ lived experiences of providing patient care during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative, descriptive study used a thematic analysis approach. The sample included 17 physicians from five specialties with direct care experience of COVID-19 patients (infectious disease, primary …

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Increased Melt From Greenland’S Most Active Glacier Fuels Enhanced Coastal Productivity, Michael Wood, Dustin Carroll, Ian Fenty, Clément Bertin, Basil Darby, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Mark Hopwood, Ala Khazendar, Lorenz Meire, Hilde Oliver, Tara Parker, Josh Willis Dec 2025

Increased Melt From Greenland’S Most Active Glacier Fuels Enhanced Coastal Productivity, Michael Wood, Dustin Carroll, Ian Fenty, Clément Bertin, Basil Darby, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Mark Hopwood, Ala Khazendar, Lorenz Meire, Hilde Oliver, Tara Parker, Josh Willis

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Seasonal phytoplankton blooms in Greenland’s coastal waters form the base of marine food webs and contribute to oceanic carbon uptake. In Qeqertarsuup Tunua, West Greenland, a secondary summertime bloom follows the Arctic spring bloom, enhancing annual primary productivity. Emerging evidence links this summer bloom to subglacial discharge from Sermeq Kujalleq, the most active glacier on the Greenland Ice Sheet. This discharge drives localized upwelling that may alleviate nutrient limitation in surface waters, yet this mechanism remains poorly quantified. Here, we employ a high-resolution biogeochemical model nested within a global state estimate to assess how discharge-driven upwelling influences primary productivity and …

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Automated Design Of Scaffold-Free Dna Wireframe Nanostructures, Wen Wang, Abdulmelik Mohammed, Rong Chen, Antti Elonen, Silian Chen, Mengfan Tian, Junhao Yang, Ye Xiang, Pekka Orponen, Bryan Wei Dec 2025

Automated Design Of Scaffold-Free Dna Wireframe Nanostructures, Wen Wang, Abdulmelik Mohammed, Rong Chen, Antti Elonen, Silian Chen, Mengfan Tian, Junhao Yang, Ye Xiang, Pekka Orponen, Bryan Wei

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Computer-aided design has become common practice in DNA nanotechnology, and many programs are available that make the sophisticated design processes accessible to both the core research community and curious scientists in other fields. However, most of the design tools are committed to the scaffolded DNA origami method. Here we present an automated design pipeline for creating DNA wireframe nanostructures based on a scaffold-free molecular self-assembly approach. Unlike in the DNA origami method, scaffold-free designs are not built around a global backbone strand but are constituted entirely of short, locally intertwined oligonucleotides. This overcomes many limitations inherent in scaffolded nanostructure designs, …

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A Frontal Ablation Dataset For 49 Tidewater Glaciers In Greenland, Dominik Fahrner, Donald A. Slater, Aman Kc, Claudia Cenedese, David A. Sutherland, Ellyn Enderlin, M. Femke De Jong, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Michael Wood, Peter Nienow, Sophie Nowicki, Till J.W. Wagner Dec 2025

A Frontal Ablation Dataset For 49 Tidewater Glaciers In Greenland, Dominik Fahrner, Donald A. Slater, Aman Kc, Claudia Cenedese, David A. Sutherland, Ellyn Enderlin, M. Femke De Jong, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Michael Wood, Peter Nienow, Sophie Nowicki, Till J.W. Wagner

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Frontal ablation at tidewater glaciers, which comprises iceberg calving and submarine and subaerial melting, is a key boundary condition for numerical ice sheet models but remains difficult to measure in-situ. Although previous studies have provided frontal ablation estimates over a range of spatiotemporal scales, most use ice discharge as an approximation, thereby neglecting the influence of terminus position change. Here, we present a dataset of frontal ablation estimates for 49 tidewater glaciers in Greenland that have reliable near-terminus bathymetry data. Near-terminus volume change over the period 1987–2020 is determined using previously published datasets of terminus positions (TermPicks) together with ice …

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The (Birthweight) Gains From Trade: Chinese Imports And Infant Health In Sub-Saharan Africa, Jorge M. Aguero, Patralekha Ukil Dec 2025

The (Birthweight) Gains From Trade: Chinese Imports And Infant Health In Sub-Saharan Africa, Jorge M. Aguero, Patralekha Ukil

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

A growing literature has documented broad negative impacts of Chinese imports to advanced economies, mainly due to the competition of these imports with local production. However, for countries with a smaller manufacturing sector and which have not experienced a structural transformation away from agriculture, Chinese imports could have positive effects. We find evidence supporting this claim using a sample of over 350,000 births from 25 countries in Sub-Sahara Africa. Our identification compares the birthweight of biological siblings born at different levels of Chinese imports to their country. We find that an increase in Chinese imports of $100 (constant USD) is …

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Genetic And Environmental Determinants Of Streaming And Aggregation In Myxococcus Xanthus, Trosporsha T. Khan, Patrick Murphy, Jiangguo Zhang, Oleg A. Igoshin, Roy D. Welch Dec 2025

Genetic And Environmental Determinants Of Streaming And Aggregation In Myxococcus Xanthus, Trosporsha T. Khan, Patrick Murphy, Jiangguo Zhang, Oleg A. Igoshin, Roy D. Welch

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Under starvation conditions, a spot of a few million Myxococcus xanthus cells on agar will migrate inward to form aggregates that mature into dome-shaped fruiting bodies. This migration is thought to occur within structures called ‘streams,’ which are considered crucial for initiating aggregation. The prevailing traffic jam model hypothesizes that intersections of streams cause cell crowding and ‘jamming,’ thereby initiating the process of aggregate formation. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested, in part due to the lack of a standardized, quantifiable definition of streams. To address this gap, we captured time-lapse movies and conducted fluorescent cell tracking experiments …

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Performance And Interpretability Analysis Of Code Generation Large Language Models, Vishnu S. Pendyala, Neha B. Thakur Dec 2025

Performance And Interpretability Analysis Of Code Generation Large Language Models, Vishnu S. Pendyala, Neha B. Thakur

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly getting integrated into software development workflows, understanding their reliability, error patterns and interpretability in real-world development scenarios is crucial for establishing their practical utility. This study evaluates and interprets the performance of 15 open-source LLM models, including Code LLaMa, Granite Code, DeepSeek-Coder-V2, and Yi-Coder on code translation and generation from requirements using the Rosetta Code dataset across diverse programming languages and tasks. Syntactic correctness and code quality are quantified using metrics such as CodeBLEU, chrF, and METEOR. Interpretability is explored through Feature Ablation and Shapley Value Sampling to elucidate prompt processing mechanisms. Results …

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Secondhand Social Capital And Idea Quality In Open Innovation Communities, Elisa Mattarelli, Aaron Schecter, Pamela Hinds, Noshir Contractor Dec 2025

Secondhand Social Capital And Idea Quality In Open Innovation Communities, Elisa Mattarelli, Aaron Schecter, Pamela Hinds, Noshir Contractor

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Open innovation communities provide valuable opportunities for creators from diverse backgrounds to collaboratively generate and refine new ideas that companies can implement in new products or services. However, many submitted ideas in these communities are underdeveloped or misaligned with companies' expectations, raising questions about what drives high-quality ideas and, more specifically, innovation potential. We focus on the role of secondhand social capital, i.e., the indirect network benefits an idea accrues through feedback from providers who are themselves actively engaged with other influential ideas in the community. While prior research has explored ego-centric or first-hand networks, we extend this work by …

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Exploring Electric Bicycle Safety Performance Data And Policy Options For California, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Kevin Fang Dec 2025

Exploring Electric Bicycle Safety Performance Data And Policy Options For California, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Kevin Fang

Mineta Transportation Institute

This study was conducted as directed by California Senate Bill 381 (2023), which called for research to help policymakers develop effective laws and policy to support the twin goals of expanding electric bicycle use and protecting the safety of electric bicycle riders and other road users. The three major strands of findings presented in this report are (1) a review of how California and other states (and countries) regulate electric bicycle use, (2) a review of the electric bicycle safety literature, including original analysis of primary data on crashes, injuries, and deaths, and (3) strategies that the state could adopt …

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A Novel Microfluidic Approach To Quantify Pore-Scale Mineral Dissolution In Porous Media, Rafid Musabbir Rahman, Elliott Niemur, Gianluca Blois, Farzan Kazemifar, Myeongsub Kim, Yaofa Li Dec 2025

A Novel Microfluidic Approach To Quantify Pore-Scale Mineral Dissolution In Porous Media, Rafid Musabbir Rahman, Elliott Niemur, Gianluca Blois, Farzan Kazemifar, Myeongsub Kim, Yaofa Li

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Mineral dissolution in porous media coupled with single- and/or multi-phase flows is pervasive in natural and engineering systems. Dissolution modifies the physical, hydrological, and geochemical properties of the solid matrix, resulting in a complex coupling between local dissolution rate and pore-scale flow. The work reports a microfluidic approach that includes 2D reactive porous media and advanced pore flow diagnostics for the study of pore-scale dissolution in porous media with unprecedented details. The 2D microfluidic porous media, called micromodels, were fabricated in calcite by combining photolithography and wet etching, which not only offers precise control over the structural and chemical properties, …

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Minimizing Spread Of Misinformation In Social Networks: A Network Topology Based Approach, Arnab Kumar Ghoshal, Nabanita Das, Soham Das, Subhankar Dhar Dec 2025

Minimizing Spread Of Misinformation In Social Networks: A Network Topology Based Approach, Arnab Kumar Ghoshal, Nabanita Das, Soham Das, Subhankar Dhar

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In the emerging landscape of online social networks (OSNs), the rapid dissemination of misinformation poses a significant challenge to the integrity of information shared among users. Hence, misinformation containment problem in OSNs has drawn significant attention nowadays. In this paper, given a fixed budget, the problem is formulated as minimizing misinformation spread (MMS) problem, which is shown to be an NP-hard problem. With the objective to combat the misinformation in real time, this paper explores a new direction to leverage the network topology to minimize the search space drastically. Based on the community structure of the OSN along with the …

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Same Data, Different Analysts: Variation In Effect Sizes Due To Analytical Decisions In Ecology And Evolutionary Biology, Elliot Gould, Hannah S. Fraser, Timothy H. Parker, Shinichi Nakagawa, Simon C. Griffith, Peter A. Vesk, Fiona Fidler, Daniel G. Hamilton, Robin N. Abbey-Lee, Jessica K. Abbott, Luis A. Aguirre, Carles Alcaraz, Irith Aloni, Drew Altschul, Kunal Arekar, Jeff W. Atkins, Joe Atkinson, Christopher M. Baker, Meghan Barrett Dec 2025

Same Data, Different Analysts: Variation In Effect Sizes Due To Analytical Decisions In Ecology And Evolutionary Biology, Elliot Gould, Hannah S. Fraser, Timothy H. Parker, Shinichi Nakagawa, Simon C. Griffith, Peter A. Vesk, Fiona Fidler, Daniel G. Hamilton, Robin N. Abbey-Lee, Jessica K. Abbott, Luis A. Aguirre, Carles Alcaraz, Irith Aloni, Drew Altschul, Kunal Arekar, Jeff W. Atkins, Joe Atkinson, Christopher M. Baker, Meghan Barrett

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, such variation far exceeds what might be produced by sampling error alone. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. A growing array of studies has explored this analytical variability in different fields and has found substantial variability among results despite analysts having the same data and research question. Many of these studies have been in the social sciences, but one small “many analyst” study found similar variability in ecology. We expanded the scope …

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Vertical Structure Of Subsurface Marine Heatwaves In A Shallow Nearshore Upwelling System, Gavin Plume, Ryan K. Walter, Isabelle Cobb, Michael Dalsin, Piero L.F. Mazzini, Nathan P. Shunk, Ian Robbins, Thomas P. Connolly Dec 2025

Vertical Structure Of Subsurface Marine Heatwaves In A Shallow Nearshore Upwelling System, Gavin Plume, Ryan K. Walter, Isabelle Cobb, Michael Dalsin, Piero L.F. Mazzini, Nathan P. Shunk, Ian Robbins, Thomas P. Connolly

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity globally and are among the greatest threats to marine ecosystems. However, limited studies have characterized subsurface MHWs, particularly in shallow waters. We utilized nearly two decades of full water-column (~ 10 m) observations from a unique automated profiler in central California to characterize, for the first time, the vertical structure of MHWs in a shallow nearshore upwelling system. We found MHWs have similar average durations and intensities across all depths, but there were ~ 17% more bottom MHW days than surface MHW days. Nearly one third of bottom MHWs occurred independently …

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Cluster Analysis And Concept Drift Detection In Malware, Aniket Mishra, Mark Stamp Dec 2025

Cluster Analysis And Concept Drift Detection In Malware, Aniket Mishra, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Concept drift refers to gradual or sudden changes in the properties of data that affect the accuracy of machine learning models. In this paper, we address the problem of concept drift detection in the malware domain. Specifically, we propose and analyze a lightweight clustering-based approach to detecting concept drift. Using a subset of the KronoDroid dataset, malware samples are partitioned into temporal batches and analyzed using MiniBatch K-Means clustering. The silhouette coefficient is used as a metric to identify points in time where concept drift has likely occurred. To verify our drift detection results, we train learning models under three …

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Identifying Climate Refugia And Bright Spots For Highly Mobile Species, Nerea Lezama-Ochoa, Heather Welch, Jennifer A. Brown, Scott R. Benson, Karin A. Forney, Briana Abrahms, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Michael G. Jacox, Barbara A. Muhling, Owen R. Liu, Thomas A. Clay, Ryan Freedman, Danielle Lipski, Steven J. Bograd, Elliott L. Hazen, Stephanie Brodie Dec 2025

Identifying Climate Refugia And Bright Spots For Highly Mobile Species, Nerea Lezama-Ochoa, Heather Welch, Jennifer A. Brown, Scott R. Benson, Karin A. Forney, Briana Abrahms, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Michael G. Jacox, Barbara A. Muhling, Owen R. Liu, Thomas A. Clay, Ryan Freedman, Danielle Lipski, Steven J. Bograd, Elliott L. Hazen, Stephanie Brodie

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Climate-driven shifts in species distributions can undermine the effectiveness of protected areas. We present a framework to facilitate climate change adaptation planning by identifying where highly migratory species habitats will persist (climate refugia), emerge (bright spots), disappear (dark spots), or remain unsuitable based on model analysis by 2100. When applied to eight species in the California Current System, we found that, on average, 37% of habitats are expected to be climate refugia, 9% are bright spots, and 13% are dark spots within National Marine Sanctuaries by 2100. Species responses differ: leatherback turtles may find refuge near U.S. coastal waters (18%), …

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