Digital Commons Network^™

Technologies And Time Tempers: How Things Mediate A State’S (Cyber Vulnerability) Disclosure Practices, Clare Stevens

Secrecy and Society

State secrecy and disclosure practices are often treated as processes of intentional and strategic human agency, and as forms of political time management (Bok 1982; Horn 2011). Through a critical analysis of the United States government’s disclosure practices in the context of their discourse around the cybersecurity “Vulnerabilities Equities Process” (VEP), this paper will present a two-fold argument against these conventional treatments of secrecy and disclosure. While government secrecy and disclosure can certainly be understood as a form of (agential) timing, orientation and control (Hom 2018), this paper will also show how government secrecy practices are emergent at the point …

Daunting Encounters: La Hague’S Infrastructures Of Secrecy, Agnes Villette

Secrecy and Society

The article explores secrecy, more particularly, nuclear secrecy in relation to two nuclear facilities situated at the tip of the Norman peninsula of La Hague, in France. Both sites - the CSM nuclear waste repository and the close-by refueling plant - were developed at the end of the 1960s in connection with France’s extensive civil and military nuclear program. While institutional archives and access to the sites remain tedious, the article contends that the nuclear secrecy shielding the facilities can be approached by unpacking the numerous accidents that took place at the site. Silenced and subjected to amnesia, spills and …

Carceral Data: The Limits Of Transparency-As-Accountability In Prison Risk Data, Becka Hudson, Tomas Percival

Secrecy and Society

Prison data collection is a labyrinthine infrastructure. This article engages with debates around the political potentials and limitations of transparency as a form of “accountability,” specifically as it relates to carceral management and data gathering. We examine the use of OASys, a widely used risk assessment tool in the British prison system, in order to demonstrate how transparency operates as a means of legitimating prison data collection and ensuing penal management. Prisoner options to resist their file, or “data double,” in this context are considered and the decisive role of OASys as an immediately operationalized technical structure is outlined. We …

Introduction To The Special Issue On Secrecy And Technologies, Clare Stevens, Sam Forsythe

Secrecy and Society

Many scholars have treated the inscrutability of technologies, secrecy, and other unknowns as moral and ethical challenges that can be resolved through transparency and openness. This paper, and the special issue it introduces, instead wants to explore how we can understand the productive, strategic but also emancipatory potential of secrecy and ignorance in the development of security and technologies. This paper argues that rather than just being mediums or passive substrates, technologies are making a difference to how secrecy, disclosure, and transparency work. This special issue will show how technologies and time mediate secrecy and disclosure, and vice versa. This …

Post Covid-19 Informative Roles Of Librarians To Library Patrons In Nigeria, Diseiye Oyighan Uwhejevwe Mrs, Helen Ewere Okoh Cln

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Many people were aware of the covid-19 pandemic, primarily via social media or other sources of information. The news is widely available on the radio, in the newspaper, on television, and on social media. The information spreads panic, anxiety, and misinformation about the pandemic during and after the pandemic. Consequently, after the stop of the extent of Covid-19 virus, many researchers has been trying to stop the fears associated with the pandemic to enable people live together and continue their post covid-19 business. Librarians are already recognizing the possibilities of social media in offering up-to-date information to their voluminous user …

Use Of Information Visualization Techniques For Collection Management In Libraries: A Conceptual Review, Sudhakar Mishra

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents a conceptual review exploring the application of information visualization techniques in the context of collection management in libraries. Collection management plays a crucial role in ensuring libraries offer relevant and diverse resources to meet the information needs of users. Information visualization, with its ability to visually represent complex data, has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing collection management practices. Drawing upon a comprehensive literature review, this paper examines the theoretical foundations, benefits, challenges, and practical applications of information visualization techniques in library collection management. It discusses various visualization methods, such as charts, graphs, and maps, and …

Impact Of Job Stress On Job Performance Of Librarians In Selected Public University Libraries In Nigeria, Kayode Gboyega Oyeniran Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

The study evaluated the effects of job stress on job performance of librarians in selected public university libraries in Nigeria. It employed descriptive research design with the population of two hundred and sixty (260) librarians from all the public university libraries in South West, Nigeria. A questionnaire on the survey of job stress and effects on job performance of librarians was raised and validated. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using Cronbach Alpha reliability to estimate the internal consistency of the instrument. The split half reliability was employed using 30 librarians from Nnamdi Azikwe Library, University of Nigeria, …

1 + 1 = 3: Stories Of Imagination And The Art Of Nature-Based Solutions, Patrick M. Lydon, David Maddox, Robin Lasser, Baixo Ribeiro, Carla Vitantonio

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

4th Industrial Revolution And Library-Related Scientific Production From 2010-2021: A Bibliometric Analysis, Md. Monirul Islam, Dil Ruksana Basunia, Md. Nurul Islam, Rupak Chakrabarty

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main purpose of the study is to analyze the scientific productions published in scientific databases on Industrial Revolution (4IR) and libraries. The researchers investigated the scientific productions that were produced during the last decade (2010 to 2021) and indexed them in the Scopus database. The databases were inspected by VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software for those documents related to the 4IR and library. The keywords are used “Industrial Revolution*” AND “Librar*” in searching. The database’s total results are 178. The selection of years shrinks the outputs to 98 publications. Published articles in English, 4IR, and libraries met several important inclusion …

Electronic Information Resources Management Tactics In Modern Libraries: Bring Back Library Users Or Follow Them Remotely: A Critical Review, Ibrahim Wada Ph.D. (Cln,), Mercy Enefu Okwoli Ph.D. (Cln), Patricia Ngozi Ofodu Ph.D. (Cln)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The proliferation of electronic information resources (EIRs) has transformed modern libraries, as they provide convenience and remote access, they also disrupt traditional library spaces and services. This critical review examines library management tactics regarding EIRs, weighing two approaches:1) attempting to bring back on-site users through enhancing physical spaces and embedding librarians in courses, versus 2) following remote users by developing robust virtual reference and embedded librarianship. Scholarly views consider the pros and cons of each tactic. Emphasis is placed on aligning tactics with institutional priorities and user needs. Findings show that a blended approach is the best, with libraries finding …

Information Misuse In An Era Of New Media Technologies: Perceived Roles Of Libraries And Librarians, Emmanuel Chidiadi Onwubiko, Amaka Raymonda Obiamalu Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In this era of new media technologies where access to and distribution of information have become very easy, it has been noticed that this development has brought about increase in the spread of malicious and harmful information product which tend to pose a threat to the society. This study therefore took a look at the perceived roles of librarians in fight this cankerworm called information misuse in an era of new technologies. The study which was guided by six research questions employed a descriptive survey design with a sampled population of 420 librarians purposively selected among librarians in Nigeria. The …

Records Management Practices In Government Ministries In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Udoh Isaac Unwana, Angela Okeoghene Bello, Osaze Patrick Ijiekhuamhen

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study was on a survey of records management practices in state ministries in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The survey design was used for the study, with the questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. The population of the study was one hundred and six (106) records management staff of the ministries studied. Two research questions were posed for investigation. The study revealed that various records are created by the ministries which include records on general administration, accounts and finance, sports, health, laws, education and environments. The study also revealed that the ministries used such facilities as wooden shelves, metallic …

Information And Communication Technology (Ict) Competencies And Job Performance Of Librarians In Some Selected University Libraries In North Central Of Nigeria, Asibi Joy Idachaba, Yemisi B. Ojokuku, Udoh Isaac Unwana

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study investigated the era of ICT competencies and job performance of librarians in some selected university libraries in North Central of Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consists of 171 professional and para professional librarians from Francis Sarwuan Tarka University library and Benue State University library. A total of 171 questionnaires were distributed only 133 were retrieved. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics mean and percentage mean score of 2.5 and above and percentage score of 50% were considered. The study revealed that ICT competencies possessed by Librarians …

Extent Of Information Resources Utilization In The Bibliography Of Postgraduates’ Terminal Research Output Of The Department Of Library And Information Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kasa M. Gabriel, Sarah D. Yani

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Postgraduate theses and dissertations include diversified sources of print and electronic information resources that contributed as building blocks of the research output. Students cite and list these resources for purposes of making deduction and/or induction of their felt positions; essentially, to shape the research discourses as well as to resolve societal problem(s). This study ascertains the extent of information resources utilisation among five approved postgraduate programmes (PGDIM, MIS, MLS, MARM & MIM) in the Department of Library and Information Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria using their bibliographies. The study adopted the ex post facto design of the quantitative method to …

Measuring Awareness Impacts Of Open-Source Digital Repository: A Framework And Case Study Of Dspace And Eprints At The Fiji National University, Udya Chandra Shukla

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study aimed to determine how the usage and understanding of open-source digital repositories affect measurements. This paper examines a DSpace and EPrints case study at Fiji National University. The idea of a digital repository is essential in research communities. Facilitating research in an open-access setting is essential. Open-access digital library software such as DSpace, EPrints, and Greenstone can address these problems. In contrast, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has fundamentally changed how individuals access and engage with information. Since they provide accurate and up-to-date information and support an academic institution's primary objective, digital sources of information have become crucial …

Administration And Management Of Digital Libraries: An Overview, Stanley Efe Okolo, Oghenetega Ivwighreghweta

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper examined administration and management of digital libraries: an overview. The concept management was clearly defined and explained in the context of the work; thereafter the term digital library was explained succinctly as an age that is characterized by efficient and effective conversion, storage, diffusion and dissemination of data to users. The various services that are performed in the digital environment were listed as follows: Circulation Services (Reader Services); Serial Services; Electronic Library Services; Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC )Services. Social Media. In the context of this study, some difficulties that prevent a digital library from operating smoothly include: …

Analysis Of Library And Information Science Journals Listed In Ugc-Care: A Study, Parbat Chhetri

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This research study focuses on the Library and Information Science (LIS) journals listed in UGC-CARE between June 2019 and July 2023, with the purpose of offering valuable insights to researchers and practitioners in the field. The study employs a comprehensive data collection methodology, involving systematic review from academic databases, journal publishers' websites, and UGC CARE's official records. The selected journals are categorized based on various aspects, including publishers, geographical distribution, frequency of publication, publication language, ISSN/E-ISSN, Article Processing Charges (APCs), Open Access status, citation styles, and the availability of Document Object Identifiers (DOIs) and Creative Commons Licences. Notably, the study …

Evolving Patterns Of Violence In Developing Countries, Brian Michael Jenkins, Bruce R. Butterworth, Sachi Yagu

Mineta Transportation Institute

In August 2022, MTI issued a report entitled Changing Patterns of Violence Pose New Challenges to Public Surface Transportation in the United States. That report analyzed the frequency and lethality of attacks on public surface transport in economically advanced countries. But what has been going on in non-economically advanced countries – the vast majority of countries in the world? Using the MTI database of Terrorist and Serious Criminal Attacks Against Public Surface Transportation, the authors analyzed attacks against passenger trains and train stations, buses and bus stations and stops, and all rail infrastructure and operating and security personnel in both …

Efficient And Effective Large-Scale Vaccine Distribution, John A. Muckstadt, Michael G. Klein, Peter L. Jackson, Robert M. Gougelet, Nathaniel Hupert

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The goal of pandemic response is to provide the greatest protection, for the most people, in the least amount of time. Short response times minimize both current and future health impacts for evolving pathogens that pose global threats. To achieve this goal, efficient and effective systems are needed for distributing and administering vaccines, a cornerstone of pandemic response. COVID-19 vaccines were developed in record time in the U.S. and abroad, but U.S. data shows that they were not distributed efficiently and effectively once available. In an effort to “put vaccines on every corner”, pharmacies and other small venues were a …

Multi-Dimensional Surface Water Quality Analyses In The Manawatu River Catchment, New Zealand, Imokhai T. Tenebe, Jason P. Julian, Praise God C. Emenike, Nathaniel Dede-Bamfo, Omeje Maxwell, Samuel E. Sanni, Eunice O. Babatunde, Darlan D. Alves

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) properties give vital information about pollution signatures in rivers, and they help develop best management practices (BMPs) for effective water resource management. This work employs multivariate statistical methods, receptor modeling, connectivity analysis, and univariate trend analysis to investigate pollution sources across spatiotemporal scales in the Manawatu River, New Zealand. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) method was applied to interpret possible contamination sources. A 25-year dataset (1989–2014) comprising 12 water quality variables from three sites was used. Runoff connectivity analyses identified high-producing grassland (HG) as the most dominant pollution class in all sub-catchments. Univariate analyses …

Fiber-Based Seismic Damage And Collapse Assessment Of Reinforced Concrete Single-Column Pier-Supported Bridges Using Damage Indices, Yu-Fu Ko, Jessica Gonzalez

Mineta Transportation Institute

Near-fault earthquakes can have major effects on transportation systems due to the structural damage they impose on bridges. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the seismic damage of bridges appropriately, and this research focuses on reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. This research advances the seismic performance assessment of RC single-column pier-supported bridges with flexural failure under near-fault ground motion by use of ductility coefficients and damage indices. The methodology included modeling fiber-based nonlinear beam-column elements to simulate the damage development process of RC bridge piers under earthquake loadings, considering the global buckling of longitudinal steel bars, examining the cracking and spalling …

System-Of-Systems Integration For Civil Infrastructures Resiliency Toward Multihazard Events, Vahid Balali

Mineta Transportation Institute

Civil infrastructure systems—facilities that supply principal services, such as electricity, water, transportation, etc., to a community—are the backbone of modern society. These systems are frequently subject to multi-hazard events, such as earthquakes. The poor resiliency of these infrastructures results in many human casualties and significant economic losses every year. An outline of a holistic view that considers how different civil infrastructure systems operate independently and how they interact and communicate with each other is required to have a resilient infrastructure system. More specifically a systems engineering approach is required to enable infrastructure to remain resilient in the case of extreme …

Taxonomizing Information Practices In A Large Conspiracy Movement: Using Early Qanon As A Case Study, James A. Hodges

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper presents a taxonomy of the information practices apparent in an imageboard discussion thread that was influential in jump-starting the worldwide QAnon movement. After introducing QAnon with a review of literature, the author examines 4Chan /pol/ thread #147547939 (key in introducing multiple key elements of the QAnon narrative) to enumerate and classify the information practices deployed by discussion participants. In conclusion, the paper expands beyond existing research’s previous focus on outright fabrication, showing that early QAnon participants’ information practices are also defined in large part by suspicious and idiosyncratic modes of reading authentic sources, not simply the propagation of …

Price Volatility, Human Rights, And Decarbonization Challenges In Global Solar Supply Chains, Dustin Mulvaney, Morgan Bazilian

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Abstract From 2020 through 2022 the solar industry experienced supply chain disruptions that caused price increases and trade restrictions, causing project delays and cancelations. News reports resurfaced allegations of human rights abuses in Xinjiang, China, where a significant share of the industry supply chain is concentrated, which raised new policy and ethical dilemmas about materials sourcing for governments and buyers, and revealed a vulnerable supply chain. Fixing the weak links in solar supply chain will require multiple interventions that diversify the geography of manufacturing and lead some countries to re-shore production. Increased attention to sustainability and low carbon manufacturing initiatives …

A Field Assessment Of Residential Laundry To Landscape Greywater Quality In The San Francisco Bay Area, Sara Khosrowshahi Asl, Katherine Cushing, Rachel O'Malley, Alexandra Dahl, Afshin Rouhani, Sherry Bryan, Justin Burks

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Potable water scarcity is a global issue. Recent and ongoing droughts in the Western United States make residential water conservation crucial. Several water agencies have invested in conservation programs that educate residents on non-traditional water sources, such as laundry-to-landscape (L2L) greywater systems, which reuse washing machine water for outdoor irrigation. This study analyzed landscape vegetation and 21 greywater characteristics of 30 households with L2L systems in Santa Clara County, California. Greywater from most residential systems, even ones decades-old and unmaintained, had acceptable reuse values for major water quality parameters tested. Overall, 89% of fecal coliform counts fell within the acceptable …

E-Resources Collection Development In Select Central University Libraries In Delhi, Suboohi (Surbhi) Siddiqui Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose –The present study aims to analyse the collection development/ access management of e-resources among the three Central Universities in Delhi. The study also analyses the allocation of budget to accessing as well as selection criteria for print and electronic resources.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The study is based on the research being done for the PhD work and required data is collected through the questionnaire, interview and observation among the three central universities viz. Jamia Millia Islamia, Jawaharlal Nehru University and University of Delhi in Delhi.

Findings – The electronic documents are the dominant forms of present-day library procurement in …

Library Services And Facilities To University Students At Tertiary: An Evidence From Pakistan, Abdullah Jamil, Rustum Ali, Bilal Ahmad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper intends to examine academic library services and facilities for university students at the tertiary level in Punjab. It has been observed that all educational institutions specifically higher education has an academic library to facilitate the students in terms of their academic activities and research-oriented tasks. This study has been conducted to measure the response of library patrons of two Public Sector Universities in Punjab, Pakistan. The unit of analysis has been based on the enrolled students of the University of Gujrat, Gujrat, and Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan. A sample of 16 students (8 students from …

Successful Equity, Diversity, And Inclusivity (Edi) Initiatives In Progressive Public Libraries And Their Communities, Jameson Paul Ghalioungui

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity (EDI) initiatives in public libraries are noble and endless endeavors that take many forms of action. Obviously, no one community, nor library, is the same. Consequently, no one community and/or library-centered EDI journey is the same. However, interestingly, progressive Illinois (IL) state libraries have walked the same roads. Interestingly, these realizations have led to a shift in priority and strategic focus resulting in many of these libraries to take action by contracting consultants to conduct full-scale equity assessments. Conclusions from these kinds of equity assessments have helped to contextualize and legitimize EDI-focused strategic planning decisions and …

Circulation Policies And Practices In Academic Libraries: A Study Of Lagos Business School Library, Odomero Omohwovo, Ezinwanyi Madukoma Ph.D, Ifedapo Ojutawo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

This study assessed the awareness and implementation of circulation policies and practices at the Lagos Business School library. The study used a survey research design and data was collected using a questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to select 150 respondents for inclusion in the study. The study showed that the majority of respondents were aware of the circulation policy at the Lagos Business School library. As indicated by 86.0% of respondents, library orientations for users were the most common form of awareness, followed by library website pages. The results further revealed that there is a high degree of implementation …

Systems And Services Development Of The Islamic University Of Technology Library, Md. Ahasan Habib

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study aimed to understand the present scenario of the Islamic University of Technology(IUT) Library, including service strength, resources, user expectations, etc. The researcher also tried to identify its use of it. User's expectations and identifies the loopholes. A formal questionnaire was formed and distributed to the final-year students who completed graduation last academic year(May. 2022). Recent, relevant articles are also reviewed to strengthen the research.SWOT analysis is also done., The IUT Library has been using around twenty-five different country uses, and their needs and expectations vary.Based on the output using the Excel diagram, the researcher found 40.76% of the …