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Spartan Daily, November 14, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 35

Relationship Between Depression, Rumination, And Emotionally Valenced Working Memory Performance, Dewey Tran

Master's Theses

Working memory is limited in capacity and easily disrupted such that mood states and competing cognitive processes can impair performance. Rumination is highly associated with depression that may contribute to impaired working memory but has not often been studied. The goal of this study was to elucidate the relationship between depression severity, ruminative state, and working memory performance. Participants completed a baseline assessment of depression severity, rumination (trait and state), and working memory then randomly assigned to a rumination or control groups, followed by a second assessment. I hypothesized working memory would be explained by an interaction between depression severity …

The Effects Of Stress On Attentional Networks, Alice Tsvinev

Master's Theses

The human brain has developed mechanisms to aid our survival, including attentional networks and stress response. Attentional shifts allow humans to react accordingly to their environment, following innate processes like fight or flight. Prolonged exposure to acute stress interferes with such cognitive processes as attention and working memory, impacting attentional systems. The present study examined the effects of acute stress on visual attention processes, specifically focusing on the orienting, alerting, and executive attention networks. 49 participants were randomly placed in either a stress or non-stress condition, then asked to reflect on either stressful or positive moments in their lives, respectively. …

The Effects Of Full-Body Photo-Editing On Female Body Image, Claire E. Mcelhern

Master's Theses

Over the past decade, the use of photo-based social media sites has seen an exponential increase. Although these sites can be beneficial for connecting with others, the editing and modification of images posted to social media has also produced adverse effects on some who use them. The aim of the present study was to assess whether partaking in a full-body photo-editing task would have a significant effect on weight dissatisfaction, appearance dissatisfaction and body confidence, compared to a control condition. Female college participants were first asked about their general Instagram use, and then were given a baseline Visual Analog Scale …

Information About A Racial Demographic Shift May Influence Tolerance For Outgroup Contact, Yvonne N. Phan

Master's Theses

When exposed to information about a demographic shift towards a non-White majority in America, White individuals tend to prefer interactions and settings within their own ethnic group over minority ethnic groups. This behavior may suggest that future inter-racial dynamics in the U.S. could be characterized by resistance from White individuals. To understand how other racial groups respond to information about a racial demographic shift, I collected data on three measures of outgroup tolerance from a multiracial sample of students from San Jose State University’s participant database after exposing them to information about a racial demographic shift driven by a Hispanic …

The Moderating Role Of Meaningful Work On The Relationship Between Loss Of Self-Identity And Psychological Well-Being In Retired Collegiate Athletes, Sarah M. Kurd

Master's Theses

Collegiate athletes are a focal point for many universities. These student-athletes work most of their lives to make it to the university level. Many collegiate athletes aspire to make it to the professional level after they graduate from college, but only a rare handful make it to the top. The rest of the athlete population retires and is placed into a world of “normalcy,” but the transition out of athletics can be very challenging, impacting a person’s psychological well-being. Most of these athletes will have to work a professional job after leaving sports. The present study aimed to examine the …

Creatine And Depression In Rodents: A Meta-Analysis, Ruchika S. Tirupachur

Master's Theses

Traditional treatments for major depression are based on the monoamine deficiency hypothesis, and they fail to achieve remission in a substantial portion of patients. Newer evidence suggests the pathophysiology of depression is a more complex story, highlighting a need for research in alternative therapies. Mounting evidence shows a linkage between depression and the supplement creatine monohydrate (CRMH). Research in rodent models suggests that CRMH may both alleviate depressive symptoms and enhance the efficacy of standard antidepressants like SSRIs. The following study describes findings from a combined fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis based on four empirical studies investigating the effect of CRMH …

It’S Complicated: The Level Of Risk Assigned To A Missing Person, Time They Were Missing For, And The Tasks Performed By Police Investigators., Karen Shalev, Craig Collie

International Journal of Missing Persons

This study examines the number of tasks police investigators perform by the level of risk assigned to cases and the length of time the investigations take to resolve. It analyses 40,091 solved cases from 2019 using data from eight English police forces, as part of a wider research project of missing person investigations demand on police resources. The findings show that (1) low and high risk with a search area cases have a relationship to the duration of the investigation; (2) there is a relationship between the risk classification and the number of tasks assigned to the case; (3) the …

An Exploration Into Why There Is An Overrepresentation Of Bame People In Missing Person Cases, Phoebe Sleigh-Johnson, Fiona Gabbert Dr., Adrian J. Scott

International Journal of Missing Persons

The overrepresentation of Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people in missing person cases is an issue that is not understood within society and has largely been neglected within academic literature to date. This study, therefore, aims to explore why this overrepresentation might exist by obtaining the views and opinions of 24 professionals (including police officers) working within the field of missing people. The study used a qualitative, exploratory method and an anonymous online survey containing a series of open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was performed on the data, and three main themes were identified; the first related to the idea …

Supporting & Protecting Repeat Missing Children From Different Residential Environments: A Scoping Review, Kirsty Bennett Dr, Petra Salisbury, Rebecca O'Keefe, Sharon Vincent, Bethany Mccarthy

International Journal of Missing Persons

Repeat missing children pose a significant financial burden onto services, including the police, social services, and health providers. Recognising that 37 to 65 percent of missing child reports each year are repeats, efforts have been made by academics and practitioners to understand this societal problem. Research has identified the risks causing children to go missing and the harms that they experience, but these focus primarily on children missing from residential care only. This PRISMA (2020) scoping review of 76 studies explores strategies implemented to prevent repeat missing episodes, and the role/influence of the home environment (e.g., with parents/guardians, and foster …

Racial Bias In Risk Allocation And Resource Utilisation: A Contributing Factor To Ethnic Minority Overrepresentation In Missing Person Investigations?, Amy Van Langeraad, Fiona Gabbert, Adrian J. Scott

International Journal of Missing Persons

Statistics from the National Crime Agency reveal that people from ethnic minority backgrounds are over-represented within the missing population in the United Kingdom, and previous archival studies have shown there is a discrepancy in the recovery of ethnic minority missing persons compared to White missing persons. A wider body of research shows that racial bias is prevalent in the criminal justice system and law enforcement, resulting in different outcomes for victims depending on their racial background. Such outcomes have yet to be examined in the context of missing persons. Therefore, this study tries to address this gap in the literature …

Spartan Daily, November 7, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 33

Spartan Daily, November 6, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 32

Using Virtual Learning Labs To (Re)Mediate Exclusionary Discipline Practices For Young Children Of Color With Disabilities, Saili Kulkarni, Sunyoung Kim, Nicola Holdman

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Disabled children of color (ages 3-8) face multiple, intersecting oppressions in schools and are more likely to be excluded and/or harshly punished for minor behavioral issues compared to white and/or non-disabled peers. Approaches that center multiple stakeholders (families, teachers, and administrators) using a formative intervention called a Learning Lab (LL) have worked to reduce discipline disparities among secondary and upper primary students of color with disabilities (Bal, 2016). Knowing that discipline disparities can start as early as preschool (Kulkarni et al., 2021), however, we examined how LL (re)mediates exclusionary and harsh discipline practices for young children of color with disabilities. …

Spartan Daily, October 31, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 30

Spartan Daily, October 30, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 29

Library Stock Management: Mandya University Library Scenario, Kavitha N., Hullerappa G., Sampath Kumar B.T.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Stock Verification is an essential part of library management that ascertains to check the library resources in the stock. It is an effective method to identify mistakes and prevent fraudulent procedures. The purpose of this article is to investigate the potential and intensive stock verification of more than 60000 documents from Mandya University Library. Study results reveal that 39127 library books are available in the powerhouse of the new library building constituent government college of Mandya University library and 23060 books are discarded as loss of books. Notable findings show that insufficient knowledge of cataloguing and classification rules has hampered …

Influence Of Social Media And Information Behaviour Of Postgraduate Students In Federal University Of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Philip Chike Aghadiuno Dr., Michael Akan Afukidang, Ebaye Asenath Sylvester

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study was carried out on influence of social media and information behaviour of postgraduate students in Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Three research questions and one (1) hypothesis guided the study. Descriptive research design was used, the population of the study consist of 462 postgraduate students of Federal University Lafia. Taro Yamane was used to determine the sample size of 214. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher designed questionnaire. Data generated from the research question was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while hypothesis was tested using Chi-square. The results …

The Effects Of Internal Training And Job Satisfaction Of Library Staff In Some Selected University Libraries In South-South, Nigeria, Okoh Helen Ewere, Ogonwa Jacinta, Ugbenyo Safiya, Ezeanuna Ginika, Ufuoma Eruvwe

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study investigated the effect of Internal trainings and job satisfaction of library staff in some selected university libraries in South-South, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design using questionnaire as instrument for data collection. The population of the study consists of 89 library staff which was randomly picked. A total of 89 questionnaires were distributed only 78 were retrieved. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics mean and percentage mean score of 2.5 and above and percentage score of 50% were considered. The revealed that the effects of internal trainings of library staff in some selected university …

The Spanish Translation, Adaptation, And Validation Of A Community-Engaged Research Survey And A Pragmatic Short Version: Encuesta Comunitaria And Fuertes, Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa, Juan M. Peña, Carlos Devia, Blake Boursaw, Magdalena Avila, Diana Rudametkin, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Margarita Alegria, Lourdes E. Soto De Laurido, Edna Acosta Pérez, Nina Wallerstein

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Introduction: Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) and Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) require validated measures and metrics for evaluating research partnerships and outcomes. There is a need to adapt and translate existing measures for practical use with diverse and non-English-speaking communities. This paper describes the Spanish translation and adaptation of Engage for Equity's Community Engagement Survey (E2 CES), a nationally validated and empirically-supported CEnR evaluation tool, into the full-length Encuesta Comunitaria, and a pragmatic shorter version Fortaleciendo y Uniendo EsfueRzos Transdisciplinarios para Equidad de Salud (FUERTES). Methods: Community and academic partners from the mainland US, Puerto Rico, and Nicaragua participated in translating and …

Spartan Daily, October 15, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 22

Exploring The Impact Of Lighting Sources On Walking Behavior In Obstructed Walkways Among Older Adults, Yue Luo, Yuhao Chen, Gaojian Huang, Boyi Hu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The pandemic has reinforced older adults' reliance on their homes and the concept of “aging in place”. Changes like reduced physical strength and cognitive deficit, however, have heightened the challenge of simple tasks like obstacle crossing among older adults, let alone when older adults cannot perceive the surroundings well during the nighttime. The study is, therefore, to evaluate the impact of lighting on older adults' obstacle-crossing behavior during the nighttime. Twenty-seven older adults (81 ± 6 yrs., 171 ± 12 cm, 75 ± 20 kg, 14 females) were recruited. Participants were asked to cross over the obstacle in a dark …

Shared Decision-Making Communication And Prognostic Misunderstanding In The Icu, Judith B. Vick, Benjamin T. Berger, Peter A. Ubel, Christopher E. Cox, Hyun Bin You, Jessica E. Ma, Marie C. Haverfield, Bradley G. Hammill, Shannon S. Carson, Catherine L. Hough, Douglas B. White, Deepshikha Charan Ashana

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Importance: Surrogate misunderstanding of patient survival prognosis in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with poor patient and surrogate outcomes. Shared decision-making (SDM) may reduce misunderstanding. Objective: To evaluate the association between SDM-aligned communication and prognostic misunderstanding. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 13 medical and surgical ICUs at 5 hospitals in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Washington between December 2012 and January 2017. Participants were surrogates of adult patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation and ICU physicians. Analysis was performed May to November 2023. Exposure: SDM-aligned communication during ICU family meetings, defined as the presence …

A (Sub)Field Guide To Quality Control In Hippocampal Subfield Segmentation On High-Resolution T2-Weighted Mri, Kelsey L. Canada, Negar Mazloum-Farzaghi, Gustaf Rådman, Jenna N. Adams, Arnold Bakker, Hannah Baumeister, David Berron, Martina Bocchetta, Valerie A. Carr, Marshall A. Dalton, Robin De Flores, Attila Keresztes, Renaud La Joie, Susanne G. Mueller, Naftali Raz, Tales Santini, Thomas Shaw, Craig E.L. Stark, Tammy T. Tran

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Inquiries into properties of brain structure and function have progressed due to developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To sustain progress in investigating and quantifying neuroanatomical details in vivo, the reliability and validity of brain measurements are paramount. Quality control (QC) is a set of procedures for mitigating errors and ensuring the validity and reliability of brain measurements. Despite its importance, there is little guidance on best QC practices and reporting procedures. The study of hippocampal subfields in vivo is a critical case for QC because of their small size, inter-dependent boundary definitions, and common artifacts in the MRI data …

Influence Of Mindfulness On Online Information Searching Strategies Of The University Of Ibadan Undergraduate Students, Abiola Moses Akinwale Mr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The objective of the study was to determine the impact of mindfulness on online information search strategies of undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan. The study assessed the level of online information search strategies, and mindfulness dimension, aiming at identifying the relationship between the independent variable (mindfulness dimension) on online information search strategies. The study was conducted on undergraduate students of the University of Ibadan.

The research adopted a correlational research survey design, with a total population of 11,812 students across seven faculties that were purposively determined, and a sample of 387 using Yamane (1967) sampling formula. The data …

Spartan Daily, October 10, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 21

Systematic Review On Self-Control A Predictor Of Work Performance Of Librarians In Public Universities In South Western Nigeria., Tola Abosede Ogunojemite

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of, this study is to examine how self-control predicts work performance of librarians in public universities in southwestern Nigeria.

The research design adopted for the study was descriptive research survey design of the correlational type. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to draw 229 respondents. Data analysis was conducted based on frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, to answer the research questions Respondents of this study consisted of males (43.9%) and females (56.1%), majority (28.7%) aged 26-30. The findings revealed that the level of self-control of librarians in public universities in south-western Nigeria was high following the norm …

Spartan Daily, October 8, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 19

Spartan Daily, October 2, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 163, Issue 17

Mixed Methods Study Protocol: Language Identity, Discrimination, And Mental Health Among Multilingual 1.5 Generation Asian/Asian American Immigrant Young Adults, Chulwoo Park, Mark Edberg, Janet Yougi Bang, Avizia Yim Long

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Language identity, an understudied factor, can influence isolation and discrimination, leading to disparities in well-being and mental health among immigrants. This study aims to investigate the role of language identity on structural racism and discrimination among 1.5 generation Asian/Asian American immigrants in a diverse U.S. state. We developed a three-step sequential approach: Stage 1—qualitative analysis (1A, focus group discussion; 1B, in-depth interviews); Stage 2—quantitative analysis (2A, language identity measurement scale; 2B, cross-sectional online survey; 2C, multivariate multiple linear regression); Stage 3—another round of qualitative analysis (3A, follow-up in-depth chronological interviews). Therefore, this study will contribute to the field by introducing …