Digital Commons Network^™

Characterization Of Raindrop Size Distribution Over Santa Clara Valley, Nathan Quinn, Sen Chiao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This study presents a year-long (January 2019–April 2020) analysis of the Z–R relationship and drop size distribution (DSD) scaling parameters for size, concentration, and shape of rain events over Santa Clara Valley, CA. External influences were analyzed based on synoptic variability and seasons. For the former, 850 hPa winds were separated into groups based on direction and magnitude. Results show that greater drop size, lower concentration, and larger shape parameters for spring, while winter and fall showed smaller drop sizes, higher concentrations, and smaller shape parameters. For synoptic variability, southeasterly-to-southwesterly flow was associated with larger drop sizes, larger concentrations, and …

Neighborhood Disinvestment And Severe Maternal Morbidity In The State Of California, Mahasin S. Mujahid, Elizabeth Wall-Wieler, Elleni M. Hailu, Rachel L. Berkowitz, Xing Gao, Colleen M. Morris, Barbara Abrams, Audrey Lyndon, Suzan L. Carmichael

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

BACKGROUND

Social determinants of health, including neighborhood context, may be a key driver of severe maternal morbidity and its related racial and ethnic inequities; however, investigations remain limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and severe maternal morbidity, as well as whether the associations between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and severe maternal morbidity were modified by race and ethnicity.

STUDY DESIGN

This study leveraged a California statewide data resource on all hospital births at ≥20 weeks of gestation (1997–2018). Severe maternal morbidity was defined as having at least 1 of 21 diagnoses and procedures (eg, …

Greenland Subglacial Discharge As A Driver Of Hotspots Of Increasing Coastal Chlorophyll Since The Early 2000s, Hilde Oliver, Donald Slater, Dustin Carroll, Michael Wood, Mathieu Morlighem, Mark J. Hopwood

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Subglacial discharge emerging from the base of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers drives upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom waters to the euphotic zone, which can fuel nitrate-limited phytoplankton growth. Here, we use buoyant plume theory to quantify this subglacial discharge-driven nutrient supply on a pan-Greenland scale. The modeled nitrate fluxes were concentrated in a few critical systems, with half of the total modeled nitrate flux anomaly occurring at just 14% of marine-terminating glaciers. Increasing subglacial discharge fluxes results in elevated nitrate fluxes, with the largest flux occurring at Jakobshavn Isbræ in Disko Bay, where subglacial discharge is largest. Subglacial discharge and nitrate flux …

Criminal Injustice: An Examination Of Racial Profiling And Discriminatory Police Practices In Canada And The United States, Patricia Advincula

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

The Black Lives Matter movement swept across the United States after the murders of black people at the hands of law enforcement. Not fully acknowledged in the media are the police brutality cases that have also occurred in Canada, a country that prides itself on tolerance, acceptance, and diversity. Police brutality is an unfortunate reality that stems from racial profiling, one of the many symptoms of historically oppressive institutions. In this paper, I will examine police coercion and racial profiling in Canada and the United States. This paper will employ a theoretical framework of conflict theory and minority threat hypothesis …

The Changing Perceptions Of Public Libraries, Aleisha A. Stout

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In 2018, OCLC and the American Library Association revisited a 2008 survey on the perception of public libraries. Questions looked at how participants believed libraries are funded, used, and perceived. Public libraries are valued by the public, even as perceptions move away from core aspects of library services. In-person library visits and visits to library websites have declined in recent years. Strong libraries are perceived to raise property values within a community. Libraries increasingly manage social problems, such as homelessness and substance abuse. Some libraries have social workers on staff to meet patrons at the point of need. Public libraries …

E-Learning Through E-Pg Pathshala Portal In The Digital Age, Ankit Kumar, Prof. Paramjeet Kaur Walia

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents the importance of an e-learning platform, namely e-PG Pathshala, as a gateway for all the courses in different disciplines at the postgraduate level. e-PG Pathshala is an open courseware initiative of the UGC INFLIBNET Centre that started as an MHRD project, titled "National Mission on Education by Way of ICT" (NME-ICT) in India. The e-PG Pathshala project provided 25169 e-content modules in different subjects. The key components of educational systems are quality of content. This paper discusses the definition of ICT (Information and Communication Technology), E-Learning through e-PG Pathshala, An Analysis of E-Content modules in e-PG Pathshala, …

Challenges And Prospects Of Using Information And Communication Technologies (Ict) In Instructional Delivery In Cross River State Secondary Schools., Anthony Etta Bisong Dr., Celestine Unoh Nkanu, John Eteng Imoke Dr., Francis Akpo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Nigeria, like many other developing countries of the world had considered education as the panacea to her developmental objectives, believing fully that no country has ever grown above the quality of education available to her citizens. This paper examines the national and state policies on ICT, strategies for utilization of ICT, and challenges of ICT in the teaching-learning process in secondary schools in Cross River State. The research reviewed previous and related studies associated with ICT. The challenges of implementation of ICT are numerous such as lack of infrastructure, policy, legal and regulatory framework, internet and broadband, capacity building, public …

Land Use Analysis On Vertiports Based On A Case Study Of The San Francisco Bay Area, Wenbin Wei, Kerry Rohrmeier, Tiffany Martinez, Michael Winans, Heungseok Park

Mineta Transportation Institute

Vertiport research and development trails in the emerging commercial air taxi sector known as Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). Published scholarship remains limited as federal, state, and local governments have yet to create or implement policies for the rapidly progressing larger AAM ecosystem, which is designed around autonomous electric vehicle takeoff and landing aircraft. With the potential for frequent low altitude flights, long-range planning must demonstrate awareness, knowledge, and utilization of geographic information science to select safe and just vertiport locations. This study summarizes the AAM literature and offers planners a set of stakeholder-informed parameters to use in a no-cost preliminary …

Effectiveness Variation Of Different Census Outreach Activities: An Empirical Analysis From The State Of Illinois Using Machine Learning And User Interface Technologies For Participatory Data Collection, Anton Rozhkov, Ahoura Zandiatashbar, Dean Massey, Jaeyong Shin, Janet Smith, Moira Zellner

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Major social changes stem from policies that their developments heavily rely on public participation in the decennial U.S. Census. For individual states, the population counts determine representation in the U.S. House of Representatives and the amount of federal funding each state receives, leading to state outreach efforts to encourage participation in the census. The present empirical study uses advanced data collection technologies based on a user interface (UI) and machine learning techniques (k-means clustering, random forest, gradient boosting) to analyze the effectiveness of the outreach activities organized by the State of Illinois. As a result, we assess various types of …

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Structure From Motion Technique For Precise Snow Depth Retrieval—Implication For Optimal Ground Control Point Deployment Strategy, Song Shu, Ok Youn Yu, Chris Schoonover, Hongxing Liu, Bo Yang

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based snow depth is mapped as the difference between snow-on and snow-off digital surface models (DSMs), which are derived using the structure from motion (SfM) technique with ground control points (GCPs). In this study, we evaluated the impacts of the quality and deployment of GCPs on the accuracy of snow depth estimates. For 15 GCPs in our study area, we surveyed each of their coordinates using an ordinary global positioning system (GPS) and a differential GPS, producing two sets of GCP measurements (hereinafter, the low-accuracy and high-accuracy sets). The two sets of GCP measurements were then incorporated …

Bacterial Contamination Levels And Brand Perception Of Sachet Water: A Case Study In Some Nigerian Urban Neighborhoods, Imokhai T. Tenebe, Eunice O. Babatunde, Chinonso C. Eddy-Ugorji, Egbe Etu E. Etu, Nkpa M. Ogarekpe, Chikodinaka V. Ekeanyanwu, Oladapo A. Diekola, Oluwarotimi S. Oladele, Obiora B. Ezeudu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Sachet water (SW) is a major source of drinking in most Nigerian homes, thus making it a possible conveyance medium for health risks due to contamination if persist rather than for replenishment of the body. This study collected SW from three busy neighborhoods in South-West Nigeria and investigated for the presence of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli (E. coli), Total Coliform (TC), Total Heterophilic Bacteria (THB), Staphylococcus (Staph)) and some physio-chemical parameters (total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and salinity). Multi-variable and exploratory statistical methods were applied to the results to determine correlations between bacterial contamination levels and perceived …

Maximizing Technology Acceptance Model (Tam) In Assessing The Use Of Ict To Promote Distance Education In Public Universities In The Ashanti Region, Ghana, Akosua Boatemaa Adarkwa Mrs, Michael Oppong Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study investigated maximizing Technology Acceptance Model in accessing the attitude of rural farmers using ICT tools in farming to enhance productivity. Using a positivist philosophical perspective, this study adopted the survey research design to respectively 210 registered level 300 distance education students of both universities pursuing Business Administration from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) and the Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (AAMUSTED). The study employed questionnaires as a data collection tool. Findings revealed that ICTs were useful for both institutions giving them some sort of autonomy for students in their education, …

How Is The Public Imagined By Public Librarians? A Case Study Of One Us American Public Library During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Allister Chang

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper explores how librarians from one US American library imagined their publics during the exceptional circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. By revisiting Habermas' positioning of the public sphere, this paper inquires librarians' own understanding of publics. Through the imagination of their publics after the buildings of the library closed in response to the pandemic, the librarians deepen our understanding of how publics are imagined, and thereby, how publics are made and how publicness is performed.

Information And Communication Technologies: An Enabler For Resource Sharing By Academic Libraries In Nigeria, Peter Olubunmi Olubiyo, Lydia Mercy Olubiyo (Miss)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Resource sharing is nothing but sharing of library resources by certain participating libraries among themselves on the basis of the principle of co-operation for library management. This is applicable in sharing of documents, manpower, services, space and equipments. Increasing cost of books and subscribing periodicals, high cost of new technology for information processing and dissemination are some of the fundamentals factors which require information resource sharing among the libraries and information centres through the use of Information and Communication Technologies. Resource Sharing aids to overcome the limitations like enormous cost of purchase, bibliography handling and storage of material as a …

What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options To Support Transportation? Results From Year Thirteen Of A National Survey, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Hilary Nixon

Mineta Transportation Institute

This report summarizes the results from the thirteenth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,620 respondents completed the online survey from January 31 to March 10, 2022. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation …

Using Thermal Remote Sensing To Quantify Impact Of Traffic On Urban Heat Islands During Covid, My-Thu Tran, Bo Yang

Mineta Transportation Institute

A three-month lockdown in the U.S. at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 greatly reduced the traffic volume in many cities, especially large metropolitan areas such as the San Francisco Bay Area. This research explores the impact of transportation on climate change by using remote sensing technology and statistical analysis during the COVID-19 lockdown. Using thermal satellite data, this research measures the intensity of the urban heat island, the main driver for climate change during the urbanization process. The research team acquired morning and afternoon MODIS data in the same periods in 2019 before the pandemic and 2020 …

A Gravity Model Integrating Land-Use And Transportation Policies For Sustainable Development: Case Study Of Fresno, California, Chih-Hao Wang, Na Chen

Mineta Transportation Institute

The idea of urban compaction has been long proposed and promoted to address the problem of urban sprawl in many American cities. However, there are still rare successful cases of such implementation in the United States. This study uses a classic gravity model, TELEM (Transpiration, Economic, and Land-Use Model) to examine to what extent a land-use or transportation policy must be regulated to make the urban compaction occur in a typical auto-dependent city—Fresno, California. Five scenarios are considered (BL, L1, L2, T1, and T2), in which the baseline (BL) is a natural growth scenario. Without any policy interventions, the city …

"Analyzing The Awareness And Utilization Of Digital Resources By The Library Users Of Selected Medical Deemed Universities In Maharashtra", Miss. Sima Ashok Ingole, Dr. Subhash Chavan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Digital Resource awareness was studied among Medical Deemed University Libraries students in Maharashtra. The study used a questionnaire to investigate four Medical Deemed University Libraries of Maharashtra. This study examines digital resource utilization, purpose, frequency, locality, and preference. The study indicated that Maharashtra Medical Deemed University Libraries users were moderately aware of digital medical resources and used them mainly for the education, Learning, and knowledge updating. Students use e-journals, standards, reports, patents, and trade reports. This survey explores how Maharashtra Medical Deemed University Libraries students use electronic resources.

Customers of Medical Deemed University Libraries have difficulties using digital resources because …

The Suitability Of Hybrid Library Services To Open And Distance Learners In Nigeria, Ukoha O. Igwe

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

In Nigeria, open and distance learning has become widely accepted. Even though there are a myriad of educational problems, workers, politicians, school leavers, and the public are finding the distance learning system a convenient and flexible mode to acquire education.

Libraries are indispensable in every facet of higher education. Adequate library support for distance learners is mandatory for the qualitative delivery of instruction and learning. The development of hybrid libraries has definite benefits for distance learners. It is imperative to create virtual learning environments and libraries without borders to reach multitudes of learners at various locations.

Several institutions are approved …

Examining Librarians’ Rights In The Philippine Copyright Law: The Academic Law Librarians' Standpoint, Willian Sa Frias, Bryan Boy C. Cortez

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Academic law librarians have two primary responsibilities in the profession: to be faithful to the fundamental law of library science, and to be the frontrunners in implementing the law of the land. The Philippine copyright law tests the academic law librarians' purpose in accomplishing both responsibilities. In this pandemic, when most library services are on online modality, the academic law librarians’ duty of providing information the fastest way possible may slow down due to their obligation to abide by the copyright law. To avoid this scenario and provide recommendations when this happens, the researchers of this study examines the overall …

Patterns And Processes In The History Of Body Size In Turritelline Gastropods, Jurassic To Recent, Carlie Pietsch, Michael Gigliotti, Brendan M. Anderson, Warren D. Allmon

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Body size is an important trait with implications for energy use and ecology as well as generation time and evolutionary rates. Turritelline gastropods are widely distributed through geologic time and space, making them an excellent group for evaluating macroevolutionary patterns. To evaluate the pattern of body-size change in turritelline gastropods, we compiled a dataset of shell lengths of 316 species of turritelline gastropods spanning the Jurassic to Recent. Type specimens were almost always significantly larger than specimen distributions from the same species. We found that turritelline gastropod size was inversely correlated with latitude, a trend likely driven by the Neogene-Recent …

Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …

Spartan Daily, March 2, 2023, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2023

Volume 160, Issue 16

Moral Economies For Water: A Framework For Analyzing Norms Of Justice, Economic Behavior, And Social Enforcement In The Contexts Of Water Inequality, Melissa Beresford, Amber Wutich, Dustin Garrick, Georgina Drew

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Over the past two decades, scholars have invoked E. P. Thompson's and James Scott's concept of a “moral economy” to explain how people mobilize notions of justice to make claims to water. We draw together 20 years of literature to assess the state-of-the-art present in research on moral economies for water. We trace the historical foundations of the moral economies concept and its relevance to water; define the three basic components of a moral economy for water—(1) shared understandings of justice, (2) normative economic practices, (3) social pressure mechanisms—and provide examples of how they manifest globally. We then discuss how …

Evaluating Automated Truck Platoon (Atp) Deployment For The Los Angeles–Inland Empire Trade Corridor Enhancement, Shailesh Chandra, Aastha Chaudhary, Prakhar Srivastava, Jose Torres-Aguilera

Mineta Transportation Institute

The California Freight Mobility Plan 2020 lists the Los Angeles-Inland Empire trade corridor region as a prominent industrial hub experiencing an increase in freight flows. The California Freight Mobility Plan also regards automated truck platoon (ATP) as an emerging opportunity to minimize congestion on the trade corridor routes. Percentage change in accessibility from 2022 (“without” ATP) to 2040 (“with” ATP) is calculated for the eighteen industry sectors of the Los Angeles-Inland Empire trade corridor. The application of the accessibility formulation was carried out with data on travel time from I-710 and I-10 within Los Angeles County. The findings suggest that …

A Participatory Archives Approach To Fostering Connectivity, Increasing Empathy, And Building Resilience During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jessica Bushey

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This paper explores two pandemic-era projects conducted by the Museum and Archives of North Vancouver (MONOVA) using a participatory archives framework during the COVID-19 pandemic. #NorthVanStories, a rapid-respond social media collecting project, ran from May to September 2020 and received over 200 submissions. #NorthVanStories–Living Histories, a digital video oral history project, ran from summer 2020 to fall 2021 and produced five videos with seven storytellers from diverse and vulnerable communities. This paper discusses the power of collaborative documenting, storytelling, and memory-making to foster connectivity, increase empathy, and build resilience. It highlights the benefits of working collaboratively with organizations and communities; …

A Systems Perspective On Water Markets: Barriers, Bright Spots, And Building Blocks For The Next Generation, Dustin Garrick, Soumya Balasubramanya, Melissa Beresford, Amber Wutich, Gina G. Gilson, Isabel Jorgensen, Nicholas Brozović, Michael Cox, Xiaoping Dai, Sophie Erfurth, Renata Rimšaitė, Jesper Svensson, Julia Talbot Jones, Hita Unnikrishnan, Charles Wight, Sergio Villamayor-Tomas, Karla Vazquez Mendoza

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Important Ice Processes Are Missed By The Community Earth System Model In Southern Ocean Mixed-Phase Clouds: Bridging Socrates Observations To Model Developments, Xi Zhao, Xiaohong Liu, Susannah Burrows, Paul J. Demott, Minghui Diao, Greg M. Mcfarquhar, Sachin Patade, Vaughan Phillips, Greg C. Roberts, Kevin J. Sanchez, Yang Shi, Meng Zhang

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Global climate models (GCMs) are challenged by difficulties in simulating cloud phase and cloud radiative effect over the Southern Ocean (SO). Some of the new-generation GCMs predict too much liquid and too little ice in mixed-phase clouds. This misrepresentation of cloud phase in GCMs results in weaker negative cloud feedback over the SO and a higher climate sensitivity. Based on a model comparison with observational data obtained during the Southern Ocean Cloud Radiation and Aerosol Transport Experimental Study, this study addresses a key uncertainty in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) related to cloud phase, namely ice formation …

Spartan Daily, February 23, 2023, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2023

Volume 160, Issue 13

Shared Responsibility: Conceptualising How A Public Health Approach May Enhance Police Response To Missing Persons, Katie Gambier-Ross, Joe Apps Dr, Sarah Wayland Dr

International Journal of Missing Persons

When a person is reported missing there are substantial costs for the individual, their family and society. This paper conceptualises the experience of missing persons episodes, through a public health approach. This then allows police, stakeholders and the community to engage in discussions about who is vulnerable to going missing by intervening in a way that addresses risk. Historically, a missing persons episode involves an absence, typically followed by police involvement in consultation with next of kin with establishing the whereabouts of the missing person being the primary focus. Yet, the risk factors of going missing relate more to the …