Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Figural And Numerical Presentation Formats On Growing Pattern Performance, Marta K. Mielicki, Charlies J. Fitzsimmons, Lauren H. Woodbury, Hannah Marshal, Dake Zhang, Ferdinand D. Rivera, Clarissa A. Thompson

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Prior work exploring preschool-aged children’s reasoning with repeating patterns has shown that patterning ability is an important predictor of math achievement; however, there is limited research exploring older children’s growing pattern task performance. The current study tested whether presentation format impacts performance on growing pattern problems, and whether the effects of presentation format extend to transfer word problems for which no patterns are provided. Sixth grade students were randomly assigned to complete several growing pattern tasks in one of three presentation formats (figures, sequences of values, or tables of values), and later completed transfer story problems with no figures, sequences, …

Data-Driven Wildfire Risk Prediction In Northern California, Ashima Malik, Megha Rajam Rao, Nandini Puppala, Prathusha Koouri, Venkata Anil Kumar Thota, Qiao Liu, Sen Chiao, Jerry Gao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Over the years, rampant wildfires have plagued the state of California, creating economic and environmental loss. In 2018, wildfires cost nearly 800 million dollars in economic loss and claimed more than 100 lives in California. Over 1.6 million acres of land has burned and caused large sums of environmental damage. Although, recently, researchers have introduced machine learning models and algorithms in predicting the wildfire risks, these results focused on special perspectives and were restricted to a limited number of data parameters. In this paper, we have proposed two data-driven machine learning approaches based on random forest models to predict the …

A Deweyan Approach To The Dilemma Of Everyday Aesthetics, Thomas Leddy

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Everyday aesthetics is a new sub-discipline of aesthetic theory that has only been actively discussed since the 1980s. This paper addresses what many consider the central issue of the field, called "the dilemma of everyday aesthetics." I discuss three authors who address this issue: Yuriko Saito, Allen Carlson, and Paisley Livingston. Drawing on Dewey's anti-dualist stance, I argued for a continuity between the aesthetics of everyday life and the aesthetics of art. In course of my discussion, I question such dichotomies as that between the practical and the aesthetic, the ordinary and the extraordinary, and disinterestedness vs. engagement. In my …

Differences In Ride-Hailing Adoption By Older Californians Among Types Of Locations, Manish Shirgaokar, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, Bonnie Dobbs, Aditi Misra, Martin Wachs

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Ride-hailing services such as Lyft and Uber can complement rides offered by family, friends, paid providers, and public transit. To learn why older adults might wish to use ride-hail, we conducted an online survey of 2,917 California respondents age 55 and older. Participants were asked whether they would value four features hypothesized to be benefits of ride-hailing. We specified binary logit models and used market segmentation to investigate whether there were location-based differences in the use of ride-hailing. Our analysis showed that women, city dwellers, persons with disabilities, and those who rely on others for rides were more open to …

Anticipating Elite Capture: The Social Devaluation Of Municipal Tap Water Users In The Phoenix Metropolitan Area, Alexandra Brewis, Katie Meehan, Melissa Beresford, Amber Wutich

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Characterizing subcultural models of tap water derived from interviews from 154 respondents in four neighbourhoods in the urban Southwestern United States, we identify sources of public discourses that support and anticipate passive elite capture. In accord with predictions, social devaluation of those who use tap water is situated with residents of a privileged exclusive community sector. This suggests the value of a broader conceptualization and an empirical model of elite capture in water resources: not just as a physical deviation of resources, but also as a discursive devaluation of public resources by specifically elite populations.

Stellar Velocity Dispersion And Dynamical Mass Of The Ultra Diffuse Galaxy Ngc 5846_Udg1 From The Keck Cosmic Web Imager, Duncan A. Forbes, Jonah S. Gannon, Aaron J. Romanowsky, Adebusola Alabi, Jean P. Brodie, Warrick J. Couch, Anna Ferré-Mateu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The ultra diffuse galaxy in the NGC 5846 group (NGC 5846UDG1) was shown to have a large number of globular cluster (GC) candidates from deep imaging as part of the VEGAS survey. Recently, Müller et al. published a velocity dispersion, based on a dozen of its GCs. Within their quoted uncertainties, the resulting dynamical mass allowed for either a dark matter free or a dark-matter-dominated galaxy. Here, we present spectra from KCWI that reconfirms membership of the NGC 5846 group and reveals a stellar velocity dispersion for UDG1 of σGC = 17 ± 2 km s-1. Our dynamical mass, with …

Observations Of Sweep–Ejection Dynamics For Heat And Momentum Fluxes During Wildland Fires In Forested And Grassland Environments, Warren E. Heilman, Tirtha Banerjee, Craig B. Clements, Kenneth L. Clark, Shiyuan Zhong, Xindi Bian

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The vertical turbulent transfer of heat and momentum in the lower atmospheric boundary layer is accom-plished through intermittent sweep, ejection, outward interaction, and inward interaction events associated with turbulent updrafts and downdrafts. These events, collectively referred to as sweep–ejection dynamics, have been studied extensively in forested and nonforested environments and reported in the literature. However, little is known about the sweep–ejection dynamics that occur in response to turbulence regimes induced by wildland fires in forested and nonforested environments. This study attempts to fill some of that knowledge gap through analyses of turbulence data previously collected during three wildland (prescribed) fires …

Malware Classification Using Long Short-Term Memory Models, Dennis Dang, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Signature and anomaly based techniques are the quintessential approaches to malware detection. However, these techniques have become increasingly ineffective as malware has become more sophisticated and complex. Researchers have therefore turned to deep learning to construct better performing model. In this paper, we create four different long-short term memory (LSTM) based models and train each to classify malware samples from 20 families. Our features consist of opcodes extracted from malware executables. We employ techniques used in natural language processing (NLP), including word embedding and bidirection LSTMs (biLSTM), and we also use convolutional neural networks (CNN). We find that a model …

Malware Classification With Gmm-Hmm Models, Jing Zhao, Samanvitha Basole, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Discrete hidden Markov models (HMM) are often applied to malware detection and classification problems. However, the continuous analog of discrete HMMs, that is, Gaussian mixture model-HMMs (GMM-HMM), are rarely considered in the field of cybersecurity. In this paper, we use GMM-HMMs for malware classification and we compare our results to those obtained using discrete HMMs. As features, we consider opcode sequences and entropy-based sequences. For our opcode features, GMM-HMMs produce results that are comparable to those obtained using discrete HMMs, whereas for our entropy-based features, GMM-HMMs generally improve significantly on the classification results that we have achieved with discrete HMMs.

A New Dataset For Smartphone Gesture-Based Authentication, Elliu Huang, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp, Preethi Sundaravaradhan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

In this paper, we consider the problem of authentication on a smartphone, based on gestures. Specifically, the gestures consist of users holding a smartphone while writing their initials in the air. Accelerometer data from 80 subjects was collected and we provide a preliminary analysis of this data using machine learning techniques. The machine learning techniques considered include principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM). The results presented here are intended to provide a baseline for additional research based on our dataset.

Malware Classification With Word Embedding Features, Aparna Sunil Kale, Fabio Di Troia, Mark Stamp

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Malware classification is an important and challenging problem in information security. Modern malware classification techniques rely on machine learning models that can be trained on features such as opcode sequences, API calls, and byte n-grams, among many others. In this research, we consider opcode features. We implement hybrid machine learning techniques, where we engineer feature vectors by training hidden Markov models—a technique that we refer to as HMM2Vec—and Word2Vec embeddings on these opcode sequences. The resulting HMM2Vec and Word2Vec embedding vectors are then used as features for classification algorithms. Specifically, we consider support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), random …

Proton Pump Inhibitors And Chronic Kidney Disease: Reevaluating The Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial, B. Burt Gerstman

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Typology Emerges From Simplicity In Representations And Learning, Dakotah Lambert, Jonathan Rawski, Jeffrey Heinz

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

We derive well-understood and well-studied subregular classes of formal languages purely from the computational perspective of algorithmic learning problems. We parameterise the learning problem along dimensions of representation and inference strategy. Of special interest are those classes of languages whose learning algorithms are necessarily not prohibitively expensive in space and time, since learners are often exposed to adverse conditions and sparse data. Learned natural language patterns are expected to be most like the patterns in these classes, an expectation supported by previous typological and linguistic research in phonology. A second result is that the learning algorithms presented here are completely …

Awareness And Attitude Of Senior Secondary School Students Towards Hiv/Aids Risk Factors And Preventive Measures In Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Nkechinyere Charity Edeh, Okechukwu O. Nwaubani, Chiedu Eseadi, Chinenye Ifeoma Ogidi, Chijioke Chimaobi Offor

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study determined the level of awareness and attitude towards HIV/AIDS risk factors for enhanced preventive measures among senior secondary school students in Ebonyi State. The study adopted a convergent parallel mixed-method design. The population of the study comprised of all the 6,912 Senior Secondary 2 (SS2) students in Ebonyi North Education Zone. The sample for the study comprised 378 senior secondary school (SS2) students. The instruments for data collection were a questionnaire developed by the researchers and a Focus Group Discussion Guide. Both instruments namely the questionnaire and the focus group discussion guide were face validated by experts from …

The Dialectic Of Presence And Interpretation In Everyday Aesthetics: Applying Heidegger And Gumbrecht To A Walk In One’S Neighborhood, Thomas Leddy

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Gumbrecht’s Heidegger-inspired book, Production of Presence, provides valuable tools for resolving issues in everyday aesthetics. Gumbrecht distinguishes between “presence cultures” and “interpretation cultures.” (Gumbrecht 2004) We live in an interpretation culture, and yet even in our culture there are presence effects. Gumbrecht understands aesthetic experience in terms of the idea of presence. His paradigms are great works of art and great athletic events, all of which take us away from the everyday. I argue that his theory can be adapted, ironically, to everyday aesthetics, in particular to the experience of taking a walk. Much of what we experience aesthetically while …

Identifying Problems Being Faced By Educationists While Promoting Reading Habits: A Survey, Khurram Shahzad

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract:

Purpose:

The basic objective of this study is to explore the problems being faced by educationists while promoting reading habits. It also reveals the best practices and strategies which may be applied by educationists to flourish reading habits among the students.

Methodology:

A quantitative research method has been used followed by survey method to meet the objectives of the study. Population of the study was the educationists of 50 schools of the private sector of Lahore, Pakistan who were teaching from Grade 5 to Grade 10. Tool of questionnaire was formulated to collect data from target population. Total 1000 …

Career Information Needs Of Undergraduate Students And Need For Improving University Library Services, Vera Victor-Aigbodion

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The importance of meeting the career information needs of undergraduate students cannot be overemphasized. Most importantly, guided by sufficient and relevant career information, students could make informed choices about their future careers or occupation thereby reducing adverse work issues. The university library as a major source of information for undergraduate students serves as one of the most preferred sources of career information. However, it is not yet very clear the extent to which university libraries meet the career information needs of undergraduate students, especially in Nigeria. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the level of students' career information …

Digging The Issues And Concerns In Subject Access Towards Discoverability Of Information And Resources, David A. Cabonero, Judy Ann P. Jandoc, Jeazel T. Cabalo, Wina B. Dominguez

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

There is an information explosion in this computer age due to the rapid developments of information and communications technology. As a result, research and studies are quickly published because of faster printing and open access publishing. With these, access to information and resources is somewhat compromised. Without access, these collections are meaningless to educators, researchers, scholars, and other information users. Thus, this study prompted to determine the: 1) level of familiarity in the fundamental principles of subject cataloging; 2) level of usage familiarity of: a) grammar and code of relationships, b) types of subject headings and subdivisions, and c) authority …

Pre-Service Music Teachers’ Use Of University Library Services, Edith Nwakaego Nwokenna, Ogechukwu Vivian Amanambu, Blessing Chisom Umeano

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

While the university library and its services are critical for learning and integral to any school's learning and teaching activities, they also serve as an information hub and an innovation center, allowing students to advance their knowledge. As a result, pre-service music teachers are required to make extensive use of the university library and its resources as part of their learning. The purpose of this study is to examine how much pre-service music teachers utilize university library services in both public and private universities located in southeast Nigeria. The study employed a survey design that included the use of questionnaire. …

Electronic Security Systems (Esss) In Academic Libraries, Rima Nath

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present paper studies the variety of Electronic Security Systems available for the library environment, including its technological components. The study also includes the positive influence of a security system to secure the library’s day-to-day activities. The opportunities and challenges have also been discussed that influence the implementation of Electronic Security Systems to improve the library facilitates.

Skills Of Icts Among Library Professionals Of South Punjab, Faria Munawar, Naveed Anwar, Khurram Shahzad, Iqbal Hussain Asad Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study aimed to explore the skills, knowledge, abilities, and competencies of library professionals working in the academic libraries of public sector universities and private sector universities located in south Punjab. Library professionals working in the libraries of public sector universities and private sector universities were the population of the study. Convenience sampling technique was used to meet the objectives of the study. Quantitative research technique followed by the questionnaire as a data collection tool was used to accomplish the research. The findings of the study revealed that ICT is an essential part of the libraries and librarians are there …

Library And Information Science Entrepreneurship Education And Empowerment Of Post Universal Basic Education Students’ For Self-Reliance And Job Creation, Edith C. Edikpa Phd, Eucharia A. Onu Phd, Patricia U. Agu Phd, Honorius Chibuko, Chidumebi N. Oguejiofor

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study adopted descriptive survey research design using a sample of 600 students sampled from Awgu and Udi Education Zones of Enugu State as sample. The instrument for data collection was a researcher developed instrument titled Empowering Senior Secondary Students for Self-Reliance and job creation through Library and Information Science Entrepreneurship Education in the pandemic era. It was validated by three experts from the Faculty of Education, two from educational foundations and one from measurement and evaluation. The instrument was trial tested in Onitsha Education zone and the reliability co-efficient obtained was 0.8, 0.76, and 0.79 for the three clusters. …

Library And Information Science Integrated Language Teaching Approach And Students’ Achievement In English Grammar, Cajethan I. Egbe Phd, Grace C. Offorma Prof, Goodluck Kadiri Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Different studies have shown that students perform poorly in English grammar. Thus, the study investigated the effect of Library and Information Science Integrated Language Teaching Approach on students’ achievement in English grammar. The achievement of students taught with ILTA were compared with those of students taught with the Form Based Approach (FAB). A quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 296 senior secondary school two students (83 males and 73 females) constituted the sample. They were assigned into experimental and control groups using a multi-stage sampling technique. The English Grammar Achievement Test (EGAT) was used for data collection. Treatment lasted …

Revamping A Research Library Website From A Content Management Software To An Integrated Library Management Software, Sanghita De, Parikshit Mondal

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

An advance in information and communication technology has challenged all the service sectors including libraries and information centres. Providing reliable information services through library websites that is easy and intuitive for the user is a major concern for the entire library professional. This work is a case study on the library website of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Formerly the library had Libsys 4.0 as the library automation software and presently it has been migrated to Koha 20.05. The study aims to explore the factors the institute takes into consideration for renovating the website. The new website of IIA Library …

Highly Cited Publications Index (Hcp) For Individual Evaluation: Applications In Brazilian Information Metric Studies, João Melo Maricato, Priscila Rodrigues Dos Santos

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The use of different bibliometric indicators to analyze the individual scientific production of researchers constantly raises questions among several authors. Based on this problem, Waltman, Van Eck and Wouters (2013) propose a methodology that values highly cited papers (high impact) over low cited papers (low impact). To this end, the authors developed a stylized Highly Cited Publications (HCP) index aiming to minimize some limitations inherent to the metrics used to evaluate scientists. The present work proposes to carry out the empirical application of the HCP index stylized by the authors to researchers in the field of Information Metrics Studies (IMS) …

Assessment Of Teachers’ Level Of Information And Communication Technology Skills And Their Attitude To Virtual Teaching: Implication For Library And Information Science Teaching, Ifeoma Clementina Metu Phd, Ngozi Nwabugo Agu Phd, Lydia Ijeoma Eleje Phd, Mercy Ifunanya Ani Phd, Nneka Chinyere Ezeugo Phd, Christian Sunday Ugwuanyi Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

To ensure effective teaching and learning of Library and information science in schools, adequate information, and communication technology skills of teachers are sacrosanct. Thus, this study assessed the level of information and communication technology abilities among secondary school teachers, as well as their attitudes about virtual teaching. In addition, the investigation was intended to see if there is a link between respondents' attitudes about virtual teaching and their ability to use virtual technologies and whether there is a location gap between the study variables. The study's participants are all secondary school teachers in Nigeria's Anambra state public schools. Multi-stage sampling …

Roles Of Parent-Teacher Association In The Management Of School Library, Felicia Ukamaka Iremeka, Ifeyinwa O. Ezenwaji, Chisom Ogochukwu Ezenwaji

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The parent-teacher association (PTA) is a non-commercial, non-sectarian, and non-partisan body that comprises parents/legal guardians of students, teachers, and administrative staff of the school whose aim is to collaborate with the school to promote students' educational success and wellbeing. This paper aimed at highlighting the contributions of the PTA to school library management. Deducing from the literature review, the PTA supports the rights of libraries to supply materials and information that encompass all perspectives on recent and previous happenings that are uncensored in terms of bias, partisanship or doctrinal criticism. In addition, the PTA could assist the school by providing …

Awareness And Utilisation Of Psyarxiv For The Dissemination Of Research Preprints Among Psychology Scholars In Universities, Abigail Edem Okon, Isaac Ofem Ubi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study assessed the extent to which scholars in the field of Psychology are aware and utilise the PsyarXiv preprint server for the communication of research materials before eventual publication. The study was guided by three specific research questions. The descriptive survey research design was employed by the researcher. Considering the manageable number of participants in the population, a census was conducted. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed by the researcher and titled “Awareness and Utilisation of PsyarXiv Questionnaire (AUPQ). The instrument was tested for reliability using Cronbach alpha and the test yielded acceptable values for an internally consistent …

Bibliometric Analysis Of Research Trends On Role Of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms In Family Law Conflicts, Himanshi Parekh, Yogesh Dharangutti

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper is a bibliometric analysis of research publications in the field of dispute resolution of family matters. The paper analyses the frequency of publications in this arena and identifying the research gaps. The paper utilizes literature published on this subject available at the Scopus database from 2011 to 2020. A total of 59 documents varying from books, chapters, articles, and journals have been extracted and analyzed for the purpose of this study. This data is further analyzed and presented in the forms of tables, maps, graphs, etc using VOSviewer and IMAPBuilder software. The study shows that even though there …

Menstrual Hygiene Literacy Campaign Among Secondary School Girls In Rural Areas Of Delta State, Nigeria, Onome Norah Ekoko, Violet Elohor Ikolo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Background: Menstruation and Menstrual hygiene are issues that are treated with secrecy and privacy in many African rural communities, thus, creating an information gap for girls living in such communities. This study was conducted to promote menstrual hygiene literacy among secondary school girls in rural areas of Delta State, Nigeria by the Association of Women Librarians in Nigeria, Delta State Chapter.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in May 2019 among girls from rural community secondary schools in Delta State. The population consisted of all secondary school female students from rural communities in Delta State. Using …