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Improving The Process Of Pain Management By Implementing Best Practices In A Nursing Home, Sukhjit Dhillon Jan 2022

Improving The Process Of Pain Management By Implementing Best Practices In A Nursing Home, Sukhjit Dhillon

Doctoral Projects

Pain is often untreated or undertreated among older adults living in nursing homes. The lack of standardized pain management protocols makes it difficult to address pain in this population. Deficiencies in pain management and documentation were identified in a nursing home and a performance improvement project was implemented with the aim to improve pain management, pain documentation, and staff knowledge of pain management. A pre-and post-intervention study design was used, and data analysis included descriptive statistics and a paired samples t-test. Participants (n=12) included seven registered nurses and five licensed vocational nurses who provide direct care to the residents in …

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Educational Intervention With Visual Cues To Increase Compliance With Postoperative Warming, Michael J. Domingo Jan 2022

Educational Intervention With Visual Cues To Increase Compliance With Postoperative Warming, Michael J. Domingo

Doctoral Projects

Millions of operations are performed annually in the United States. However, postoperative hypothermia still affects surgical patients who are not thermoregulated and can occur among them during the postoperative period. Postoperative warming compliance rates across countries and institutions are generally poor (Koh et. al, 2021). Therefore, the focus of the DNP project was to assess how providing education on postoperative warming and providing visual cues to the PACU RNs would increase postoperative warming compliance. The PACU RN participants were provided postoperative warming education with visual cues. Specifically reviewed with the PACU RNs was taking the patient’s temperature, connecting the patient …

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Understanding The Usage Of Anti-Plagiarism Software: Lessons From Malaysian Communities, Shipra Awasthi, Muhamad Ikhwan Mohd Zain, Shiva Kanaujia Sukula Jan 2022

Understanding The Usage Of Anti-Plagiarism Software: Lessons From Malaysian Communities, Shipra Awasthi, Muhamad Ikhwan Mohd Zain, Shiva Kanaujia Sukula

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Academic institutions across the world are tackling the issues of plagiarism and also adopting measures to reduce it. The study aims to visualize the perception of faculty, research scholars, and students from Malaysian universities on using anti-plagiarism software (APS). This study utilized the questionnaire method and highlighted the questions on the views and challenges experienced by the respondents while using the APS. The findings revealed that retraction results from academic misconduct in the writings. The data collected through the questionnaire disclosed that most of the respondents are associated with a Social Science background, and 95.2% are aware of the APS …

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Information Needs By People Living With Hiv/Aids In Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Amaku-Awka, Anambra State., Egwuonwu Ugochi Iruoma, Ezechika Chiamaka Priscilla, Chigor Christianan Nneka Jan 2022

Information Needs By People Living With Hiv/Aids In Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Amaku-Awka, Anambra State., Egwuonwu Ugochi Iruoma, Ezechika Chiamaka Priscilla, Chigor Christianan Nneka

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study dwelt on the information needs by People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome (PLWH/A) in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Amaku-Awka. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Three research questions were drawn from the three purposes that guided the study. The population consists of 3,264 registered Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV) patients no AIDS patient. Sample size comprises of 50 HIV patients using purposeful sampling technique. Questionnaires were used as instruments for data collection. These research questions were analyzed using mean of 2.5. The findings indicated the areas of information needs of …

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Enhancing Children's Achievement In Basic Science Using Library Electronic Books: A Case Of Simple Repeated Evaluation, Christian Ugwuanyi Phd Jan 2022

Enhancing Children's Achievement In Basic Science Using Library Electronic Books: A Case Of Simple Repeated Evaluation, Christian Ugwuanyi Phd

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The 21st century classrooms demand a lot from both the teachers and the learners due to the technological developments and demands in teaching and learning. These days, most parents buy their children (smart/android phones, tablets, or laptops without knowing the educational benefits of these gadgets in accessing online learning materials. The 21st century technology has made the use of e-books very beneficial to the teaming population of learners who have access to the internet, but it is worrisome that there is a dearth of research on such issues in the Nigerian context. Thus, this research examined the effect …

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Crowdsourcing In Libraries In The Digital Age, Benil Joseph Jan 2022

Crowdsourcing In Libraries In The Digital Age, Benil Joseph

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Information has been an intrinsic part of humanity throughout the years. Libraries and information centers have always been considered, as the custodians of information. However, with the overwhelming of information in the digital age, libraries find it difficult to deliver the right information at the right time. Despite various efforts by libraries to deliver information on time, at times the necessity of libraries is questioned. Crowdsourcing gains importance at this juncture. Today since catalogs and other allied information are mostly online, users can perform various activities like refining metadata of records, adding the new subject heading that library staff overlooked, …

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Information Seeking Behavior In Digital Environment: A Study Of Post Graduate And Phd Students Of Odisha University Of Agriculture And Technology, Bhubaneswar, Debraj Meher Dr, Mukesh Behera, Monisha Mishra Jan 2022

Information Seeking Behavior In Digital Environment: A Study Of Post Graduate And Phd Students Of Odisha University Of Agriculture And Technology, Bhubaneswar, Debraj Meher Dr, Mukesh Behera, Monisha Mishra

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Information seeking behavior (ISB) is defined as a human habit that entails a conscious search for information in order to fill a gap. In a University, a user visits the university library first when he/she needs information. The information seeking behavior varies for different user categories. Examining the information demands and behaviors of agriculture students, particularly those at OUAT, is the main goal of this study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for this research. A total of 245 fully completed surveys, representing an 87.5 percent response rate, were returned from 380 surveys distributed to graduate (PG) and …

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National Security In Nigeria: The Role Of An Open And Distance Academic Library., Ugonna Vivian Ailakhu, Nkata U. Kalu, Collins Odili Jan 2022

National Security In Nigeria: The Role Of An Open And Distance Academic Library., Ugonna Vivian Ailakhu, Nkata U. Kalu, Collins Odili

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper discussed the role of open and distance learning academic libraries in supporting national security in Nigeria. Peace is an antidote to conflicts; no nation can experience proper development without peace. Thus, no meaningful development can occur without appropriate knowledge which is the library and information services based. The study demonstrated how open and distance learning academic libraries can effectively fight against terrorism, insurgency, youth restiveness, and militancy that threaten national security by gathering and disseminating information properly and effectively to the right people at the right time, mobilizing the populace through civic education, and promoting information literacy programs. …

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Performance Assessment And Job Satisfaction Of Support Staff In Academic Libraries, Sajjad Ahmad Mr., Naveed Anwar Mr, Muhammad Tariq Dr. Jan 2022

Performance Assessment And Job Satisfaction Of Support Staff In Academic Libraries, Sajjad Ahmad Mr., Naveed Anwar Mr, Muhammad Tariq Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The purpose of current study was to investigate about the job performance and job satisfaction of support staff working in academic libraries of Lahore. Supporting staff is performing many imperative duties in academic libraries and their role in libraries is very important. The objective of current study was to investigate the job performance through job satisfaction, to test relationship between job performance and job satisfaction and to investigate the moderating effect of hurdles in work between job satisfaction and job performance. Quantitative approach was adopted and survey method was used to achieve the objective of the study. Questionnaire with Urdu …

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The Relationship Between Goal Types And Job Performance: Exploring The Moderating Effect Of Self-Efficacy, Stefani Ewell Jan 2022

The Relationship Between Goal Types And Job Performance: Exploring The Moderating Effect Of Self-Efficacy, Stefani Ewell

Master's Theses

Motivation to improve performance within the workplace has long been an area of interest for leaders in organizations. While goal setting is often used as a motivational theory to improve performance, further guidelines are needed to ensure the full positive effects of goal setting are realized. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of four goal types (outcome, performance, process, and personal-best goals) on performance in the workplace. Another purpose of this study was to examine whether the effectiveness of goal types may change as a function of self-efficacy. Performance was measured in two ways: completeness and …

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The Effect Of Submarine Volcanism On Foraminifera At Axial Seamount Of Juan De Fuca Ridge, Gabriela Marie Diaz Santana Jan 2022

The Effect Of Submarine Volcanism On Foraminifera At Axial Seamount Of Juan De Fuca Ridge, Gabriela Marie Diaz Santana

Master's Theses

Submarine volcanoes contribute more than 75% of global volcanic eruptions annually and have the potential to change the surrounding submarine ecosystems. The species richness, abundance of foraminifera assemblages and the average test size of samples recovered from marine sediment cores are a proxy for past environmental changes on the seafloor and in the water column. This study evaluates the ecosystem impact of multiple eruptions that formed a massive caldera at Axial Seamount between 1300 and 800 years before present (BP). An examination of the diversity, abundance, and size of planktic and benthic foraminifera assemblages recorded in volcanic and hemipelagic sediments …

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The Effects Of Disability Status And Employment Level In Shaping Employee Perceptions: A Vignette Study Of Employees Who Are Blind, Raymond Bennett Jan 2022

The Effects Of Disability Status And Employment Level In Shaping Employee Perceptions: A Vignette Study Of Employees Who Are Blind, Raymond Bennett

Master's Theses

This study sought to understand the impact of disability status and level of employment (i.e., supervisor or employee) on ratings of performance outcomes and legitimately earning one’s role. It was hypothesized that leaders with disability (LWD) would be rated as poorer performers compared to non-disabled leaders and that co-workers with disability (CWD) would be rated more favorably than LWD. It was also hypothesized that the perceived legitimacy of disability status would moderate the impact of disability status and employment level on performance outcomes. 102 participants read one of four vignettes describing an organization member they regularly interacted with and responded …

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The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Affective Commitment And Intent To Leave The Organization: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Empowerment, Neiry Lara Jan 2022

The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Affective Commitment And Intent To Leave The Organization: The Mediating Role Of Psychological Empowerment, Neiry Lara

Master's Theses

The leadership style of organizational leaders has important implications for organizations and their employees. Transformational leadership has been studied extensively due to the numerous positive outcomes. Unfortunately, not much research has focused on the mediating mechanism between transformational leadership and outcomes. Therefore, the present study explored the mediating role of psychological empowerment on the relationship between transformational leadership and the outcomes of affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions. It was hypothesized that psychological empowerment would act as a mediator between transformational leadership and affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Results of an online survey from 111 employed individuals showed that …

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An Initial Study Of Properties Of Monolithic Silicon Dioxide Parts Produced By The Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion Process, Sam Sujit Choppala Jan 2022

An Initial Study Of Properties Of Monolithic Silicon Dioxide Parts Produced By The Ceramic On-Demand Extrusion Process, Sam Sujit Choppala

Master's Theses

The ceramic on-demand extrusion (CODE) process is an additive manufacturing process for technical ceramics, which features an oil bath and partial drying to print stronger green bodies due to better preservation of the printed specimen structure and reduction of uneven part evaporation. A 3D printer capable of performing the CODE process is built with subsystems including motion, extrusion, and heating, and is controlled through LinuxCNC. The CODE printer and process is tested with silicon dioxide as the technical ceramic. High strength silicon dioxide parts are essential in various present-day industries such as dental, medical, and semiconductor. A 55vol% solids loading …

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Characterizing Metabolic Changes In Cancer Cells After Treatment With An Extract Created From Walnuts, Codey Y. Huang Jan 2022

Characterizing Metabolic Changes In Cancer Cells After Treatment With An Extract Created From Walnuts, Codey Y. Huang

Master's Theses

Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet the energy and metabolite demands of constant proliferation. Originally observed as the Warburg Effect, where cancer cells are more glycolytically active, recent research has shown that cancer cells can also utilize oxidative phosphorylation to meet these demands, better known as metabolic flux. Previous work from our lab showed that treatment with a Walnut Extract (WE) induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells by destabilizing the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, suggesting that the extract may be able to impact oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of the current research was to further characterize the impact …

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Advancing Understanding Of The Relationship Between Tropical Cyclogenesis And Precipitation In A High-Resolution Model, Hananeh Jafary Jan 2022

Advancing Understanding Of The Relationship Between Tropical Cyclogenesis And Precipitation In A High-Resolution Model, Hananeh Jafary

Master's Theses

This study evaluates the relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) genesis, also known as tropical cyclogenesis, and precipitation in forecasts produced by the Basin-scale Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF-B) model. Pre-TC (PTC) forecasts from HWRF-B were produced during the 2017-2020 hurricane seasons in the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. In PTC forecasts, various precipitation characteristics, including rate, and coverage, were compared for different forecast outcomes of signal detection: hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. Moreover, differences in radar reflectivity, mid-tropospheric moisture, and vertical wind shear (VWS) were studied and compared for developing (i.e., underwent cyclogenesis) and non-developing PTCs. …

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An Investigation Of The Relationship Of Wave Intensity And Byssal Thread Strength Of The Mussel Mytilus Californianus, Felicia M. Miller Jan 2022

An Investigation Of The Relationship Of Wave Intensity And Byssal Thread Strength Of The Mussel Mytilus Californianus, Felicia M. Miller

Master's Theses

The intertidal zone is a stressful environment with one of the main stressors being the fluctuation of wave energy over time and space. A structural adaptation employed by mussels living within the intertidal zone is byssal threads that aid in attachment while dealing with various levels of wave exposure. The California mussel, Mytilus californianus, lives in extremely wave exposure conditions, which makes it a great study species to assess the relationship between wave intensity and byssal thread strength. In this study, Mytilus californianus were collected from two locations in the Monterey Bay, each with a predicted wave exposed site and …

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Quaternary Geologic Slip Rates For The Northern Rodgers Creek Fault, Near Windsor, Ca, Alianora Walker Jan 2022

Quaternary Geologic Slip Rates For The Northern Rodgers Creek Fault, Near Windsor, Ca, Alianora Walker

Master's Theses

New Quaternary geologic slip rates were determined for the northern Rodgers CreekFault at two sites near Windsor, CA. Slip rates were determined through Quaternary mapping and geochronologic dating, specifically in situ cosmogenic 10Be, and infrared stimulated luminescence dating. At the Shiloh Ranch Regional Park site, a terrace dated to ~3.2 ka – 7.9 ka and offset 18 m – 45 m yielded a preliminary slip rate of 6.1 mm/yr ± 4.5 mm/yr. At the Foothill Regional Park site, an older Quaternary terrace and a younger alluvial fan deposit are reconstructed with source drainages across the fault. Reconstructing the ~68.8 ka …

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Autonomous Vehicle Testing Using A Model-Based Approach, Muslim Razi Jan 2022

Autonomous Vehicle Testing Using A Model-Based Approach, Muslim Razi

Master's Theses

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) offer advantages in many different industries which isleading to an increase in their adoption. Testing and conducting quality assurance on the complex systems are crucial in ensuring safety and reliability. The main challenges with AV testing include modeling diverse scenarios which an AV can encounter in the real world. Compared to real-world testing, simulators provide an efficient and versatile alternative for AV testing. SVL Simulator is one such simulator that integrates with Baidu’s Apollo AV platform. In this paper, a model-based testing framework utilizing semantic trees and 3D test tables is used to model driving scenarios into …

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An Empirical Assessment Of Environmental Variable Combinations For Use In Fire Weather Forecasts, Daniel Sunvold Jan 2022

An Empirical Assessment Of Environmental Variable Combinations For Use In Fire Weather Forecasts, Daniel Sunvold

Master's Theses

Predicting high fire danger conditions is paramount to mitigating the impacts caused by wildfires. Such warning systems as red flag warnings (RFWs) and the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) utilize atmospheric and fuel moisture properties to warn public and government entities about conditions that may lead to the ignition or rapid growth of wildfires. In this study, we use high-resolution reanalysis and wildfire growth data from 2003-2020 in California to test a variety of different variables to determine if a more viable variable combination exists that could be used to create a better warning index which would allow for …

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Black, Green, And Young: A Case Study Assessing Implementation And Outcomes Of An Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering And Math Curriculum For Youth In West Oakland, California, Ashari A. Taylor-Watson Jan 2022

Black, Green, And Young: A Case Study Assessing Implementation And Outcomes Of An Environmental Science, Technology, Engineering And Math Curriculum For Youth In West Oakland, California, Ashari A. Taylor-Watson

Master's Theses

Environmental racism plagues low-income communities of color through exposure to environmental hazards, and the youth are most vulnerable. Environmental science, technology, engineering, and math (E-STEM) curriculums promoted as tools for corrective justice. Using a West Oakland, California Boys and Girls Club as a case study, I first describe the environmental awareness, attitudes, and actions of a group of six- to 13-year-old, predominantly African - American, children from this low-income community. I then examine the possible impacts of an E-STEM curriculum on participants, and I identify staff- and researcher-identified challenges to its implementation. During the study, the cohort experienced a heightened …

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Evaluating Schizochytrium Sp. As An Alternative Ingredient In Fish-Free Feeds For Sablefish (Anoplopoma Fimbria) Aquaculture, Katherine A. Neylan Jan 2022

Evaluating Schizochytrium Sp. As An Alternative Ingredient In Fish-Free Feeds For Sablefish (Anoplopoma Fimbria) Aquaculture, Katherine A. Neylan

Master's Theses

Alternative feeds for marine finfish aquaculture are critical for the sustainable expansionof the aquaculture industry. Fish that are farmed for human consumption are often carnivorous; therefore, the industry uses wild-caught forage fish as a primary ingredient in feeds in the form of fishmeal and fish oil. As the aquaculture industry grows, it is important to identify alternative feed ingredients with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations. This study was designed to test a microalga, Schizochytrium sp., as an alternative feed ingredient for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) using six test diets. The first diet (+FM+FO) contained both fishmeal and fish oil. …

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A Risc-V Matrix Multiplier Using Systolic Arrays, Miao Wang Jan 2022

A Risc-V Matrix Multiplier Using Systolic Arrays, Miao Wang

Master's Theses

Many modern day applications can be solved with the usage of machine learning, which involves training a computer to learn on large amounts of data without direct programmer guidance. Conventional computers typically use normal general purpose central processing units, though more specialized tasks may take advantage of more parallel hardware such as graphics processing units. In the pursuit of increased performance to facilitate increasingly more complex machine learning models, researchers in both academia and industry look towards field-programmable gate arrays and application specific integrated circuits for their needs. Various implementations, both theoretical and practical, exist across a wide variety of …

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Research Handling Effects On Stress Hormones, Blood Parameters, And Heart Rate In Juvenile Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga Angustirostris), Lauren A. Cooley Jan 2022

Research Handling Effects On Stress Hormones, Blood Parameters, And Heart Rate In Juvenile Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga Angustirostris), Lauren A. Cooley

Master's Theses

Wildlife researchers must balance the need to safely capture and handle their study animals to sample tissues, collect morphological measurements, and attach dataloggers while simultaneously ensuring their results are not confounded by stress artifacts caused by handling. To determine the physiological effects of research activities including chemical immobilization, transport, instrumentation with biologgers, and overnight holding on a model marine mammal species, I collected hormone, blood chemistry, hematology, and heart rate data from 19 juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) throughout a translocation experiment. Across my six sampling timepoints, cortisol and aldosterone data revealed a moderate hormonal stress response to handling …

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Coordination Protocols For Verifiable Consistency In Distributed Storage Systems, Ashwin Ramaswamy Jan 2022

Coordination Protocols For Verifiable Consistency In Distributed Storage Systems, Ashwin Ramaswamy

Master's Theses

Achieving consistency in a highly available distributed storage system has been formally proven to be an impossible task when the system faces network partitions and faulty processes. The complexity is exacerbated when the system allows concurrent processes to send transactions to all the other servers and coordinate the consistent commitment of different transactions. In the event of a partition, each server may allow clients to request updates involving the current state of the data, which makes achieving replicated consistency challenging. To solve the inconsistency problems, several consensus protocols are used, but have strict requirements in order to make progress and …

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Motivational And Participatory Experiences Of Female Service Members In Crossfit, Nicole M. Levine Jan 2022

Motivational And Participatory Experiences Of Female Service Members In Crossfit, Nicole M. Levine

Master's Theses

CrossFit is a high-intensity exercise program that has expanded globally over the last several years. Its minimalistic approach targeted at multiple aerobic and muscular strength domains make it accessible and applicable to populations with limited space and equipment, such as overseas military installations. Despite several studies examining the motivational factors of individuals engaging in CrossFit, research is scant on the motivational factors of military professionals participating in CrossFit outside of their formalized operational training. Additionally, there is no specific literature on female military participation in CrossFit. This study qualitatively explored the participatory motivations of 15 female U.S. military service members …

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Evaluation Of The Offline-Coupled Gfs-Cmaq In Recent Wildfires In Northern California, Joyce Leung Jan 2022

Evaluation Of The Offline-Coupled Gfs-Cmaq In Recent Wildfires In Northern California, Joyce Leung

Master's Theses

As wildfires become more frequent and severe under climate change, there is a growing need to simulate the impact of fires on air quality and human health using numerical models. The National Air Quality Forecast Capability is an operational air quality forecasting system that provides nationwide ozone and particulate matter (PM2.5) prediction. It is made up of a chemical transport model – the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model – driven by a meteorological model. Recently, the Global Forecast System (GFS) replaced the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) to drive CMAQ. In addition to these two modeling systems, the …

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"For Better Or Worse": Imagining Innovation In Smart City Municipal Design, Kevin M. Kochever Jan 2022

"For Better Or Worse": Imagining Innovation In Smart City Municipal Design, Kevin M. Kochever

Master's Theses

The smart city concept recently (ca. 2010) emerged as a corporate-led system-as-a-service (SaaS) tool to meet city needs of accessibility and efficiency. I looked at three Western cities—Reykjavík, San José, and Toronto—to discover what it meant for city managers to meet municipal needs by embracing smart initiatives. Senior-level city managers, consultants, and technologists invoked vocabularies of smartness and innovation, adopting Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) as tools to facilitate human resource and service efficiency needs. I found persistent ambiguity in how city managers described and measured outcomes for city smartness. I also found stakeholders used smartness to …

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Medical Records Management To Support Evidence-Based Medical Practice At Kisii Teaching And Referral Hospital, Kenya, Robert Nyakundi Gisemba Mr, Emily Ngeno Dr, Emily Bosire Dr Jan 2022

Medical Records Management To Support Evidence-Based Medical Practice At Kisii Teaching And Referral Hospital, Kenya, Robert Nyakundi Gisemba Mr, Emily Ngeno Dr, Emily Bosire Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper presents findings of a Master of Philosophy Degree in Information Sciences undertaken to assess medical records management (MRM) in support of evidence-based medical practices at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH) with a view of proposing strategies to improve MRM in the hospital. Data was collected through interviews conducted with health records management officers, a system administrator, admission clerks, doctors, clinical officers, and nurses drawn from four departments that create; use; and manage medical records (MR). Findings indicated that KTRH faced several challenges in MRM that impact the provision of health care based on reliable evidence. These challenges …

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“When Will The Time Finally Come When There Will Only Be Humans”: An Unknown Letter From Beethoven To Heinrich Von Struve, Julia Ronge Jan 2022

“When Will The Time Finally Come When There Will Only Be Humans”: An Unknown Letter From Beethoven To Heinrich Von Struve, Julia Ronge

The Beethoven Journal

Transcription, translation, and discussion of a recently discovered letter from Ludwig van Beethoven to Heinrich von Struve from 1795. In the letter, Beethoven expresses a yearning for a time when there are only humans, without distinctions of rank and class. This sentiment accords with Schiller’s ode An die Freude, which Beethoven set to music more than once.

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