Digital Commons Network^™

Catalytic Pyrolysis Of Lignin Model Compounds (Pyrocatechol, Guaiacol, Vanillic And Ferulic Acids) Over Nanoceria Catalyst For Biomass Conversion, Nataliia Nastasiienko, Tetiana Kulik, Borys Palianytsia, Julia Laskin, Tetiana Cherniavska, Mykola Kartel, Mats Larsson

Department of Chemistry Faculty Publications

Understanding the mechanisms of thermal transformations of model lignin compounds (MLC) over nanoscale catalysts is important for improving the technologic processes occurring in the pyrolytic conversion of lignocellulose biomass into biofuels and value-added chemicals. Herein, we investigate catalytic pyrolysis of MLC (pyrocatechol (P), guaiacol (G), ferulic (FA), and vanillic acids (VA)) over nanoceria using FT-IR spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (DTG/DTA/TG). FT-IR spectroscopic studies indicate that the active groups of aromatic rings of P, G, VA, and FA as well as carboxylate groups of VA and FA are involved in the interaction with nanoceria surface. …

A Constrained Optimal Hear-Through Filter Design Approach For Earphones, Yongjie Zhuang, Yangfan Liu

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

Signal characteristics can be altered when sound from environment transmits through earphones to the ear canal. A hear-through filter is usually implemented in an earphone to create a more natural hearing experience. Hear-through filter is also important in augmented reality audio applications. In this paper, a constrained optimal hear-through filter design approach is proposed, where the hear-through filter is designed using a formulation similar to that for a constrained active noise control filter design. One advantage of such a filter design approach is that, compared with the commonly used direct plant response inversion method, the leakage sound around and through …

A Statistical Analysis Of Kaupa Membership Profile, Seong Nam Hwang, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

Our research shows the first snapshot of the members of KAUPA (Korean American University Professors Association). The one-dimensional preliminary statistical analysis based on the criteria of regions, states, specialties (disciplines), colleges/universities, and rank was performed for the members of 4,052 as of July 20, 2021.

Low-Frequency Noise Control Using Layered Granular Aerogel And Limp Porous Media, Yutong Xue, Amrutha Dasyam, J Stuart Bolton, Bhisham Sharma

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

The acoustic absorption of granular aerogel layers with a granule sizes in the range of 2 to 40 μm is dominated by narrow-banded, high absorption regions in the low-frequency range and by reduced absorption values at higher frequencies. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of developing new, low-frequency noise reduction materials by layering granular aerogels with traditional porous sound absorbing materials such as glass fibers. The acoustic behavior of the layered configurations is predicted using the arbitrary coefficient method, wherein the granular aerogel layers are modeled as an equivalent poro-elastic material while the fibrous media and membrane are modeled …

Vapor-Selective Active Membrane Energy Exchanger For High Efficiency Outdoor Air Treatment, Andrew J. Fix, James E. Braun, David M. Warsinger

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

As much as 40% of the total load on air conditioning systems can be attributed to condensation dehumidification. However, new water vapor-selective membranes present a unique opportunity to greatly reduce the power requirements for moisture removal by avoiding phase change and have thus been ranked as a top alternative to traditional HVAC systems. To date, however, all such systems have relied on the assumption of constant temperature, even terming the technology “isothermal dehumidification.” This work proposes a membrane-based air cooling and dehumidification approach, referred to as the Active Membrane Energy Exchanger (AMX), which is the first to provide simultaneous, yet …

Concomitant Cannabis Misuse And Associations With Depression, Pain And Substance Misuse Among Patients Prescribed Opioids, M. Aryana Bryan, Elizabeth Charron, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde, Jennifer Brown, Udi Ghitza, T. John Winhusen, Gerald Cochran

Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty Publications

Background: Cannabis use is common among individuals with pain who are prescribed opioids, occurring in approximately 10% of this population. This study aims to explore the relationship between non-medical cannabis use and other health risks among individuals filling opioids at community pharmacies. Methods: This study was an exploratory secondary data analysis of a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN)-sponsored study, Validation of a Community Pharmacy-Based Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Risk Screening, examining the relationship between risky cannabis use and depressive symptoms, pain, overdose, and other substance misuse among individuals filling opioid prescriptions in community pharmacies (N = 1440). …

Openness And Diversity, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Predicting Acoustical Performance Of High Surface Area Particle Stacks With A Poro-Elastic Model, Zhuang Mo, Guochenhao Song, J Stuart Bolton, Seungkyu Lee, Tongyang Shi, Yongbeom Seo

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

Because of the high sound absorption they offer at low frequencies, there is a growing interest in high surface area particles and how they might be applied in noise control. Therefore, a model that can accurately predict the acoustic behavior of this type of materials will be useful in relevant applications. A poro-elastic model based on a combination of Biot theory and an existing rigid model of granular activated carbon (GAC) is introduced in the current work. The input parameters for this model consist of a certain number of properties that are known by measurement, and a set of values …

Simulation Of The Frequency Split Of The Fundamental Air Cavity Mode Of A Loaded And Rolling Tire By Using Steady-State Transport Analysis, Won Hong Choi, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

It has been found that when a tire deforms due to loading, the fundamental air cavity mode splits into two due to the break in geometrical symmetry. The result is the creation of fore-aft and vertical acoustic modes near 200 Hz for typical passenger car tires. When those modes couple with structural, circumferential modes having similar natural frequencies, the oscillatory force transmitted to the suspension can be expected to increase, hence causing increased interior noise levels. Further, when the tire rotates, the frequency split is enlarged owing to the Doppler effect resulting from the airflow within the tire cavity. The …

Globalization And The Tango, Yeomin Yoon

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Nft: Emerging Application Trends And Some Outstanding Issues, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

Recently, NFT (Non-Fungible Token) is emerging. It is applied in many areas especially in the digital art. In this article, the concept of NFT, its players in the market, minting and operations, applications, notable NFT artwork, and some controversial outstanding issues will be discussed.

Writing The World History Textbook: A Global Perspective, Jaeyoon Kim

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Inulin Fermentable Fiber Ameliorates Type I Diabetes Via Il22 And Short-Chain Fatty Acids In Experimental Models, Jun Zou, Lavanya Reddivari, Zhenda Shi, Shiyu Li, Yanling Wang, Alexis Bretin, Vu L. Ngo, Michael Flythe, Michael Pellizzon, Benoit Chassaing, Andrew T. Gewirtz

Department of Food Science Faculty Publications

Nourishment of gut microbiota via consumption of fermentable fiber promotes gut health and guards against metabolic syndrome. In contrast, how dietary fiber impacts type 1 diabetes is less clear.

A Wireguard Exploration, Alexander Master, Christina Garman

CERIAS Technical Reports

Internet users require secure means of communication. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) often serve this purpose, for consumers and businesses. The research aims of this paper were an analysis and implementation of the new VPN protocol WireGuard. The authors explain the cryptographic primitives used, build server and client code implementations of WireGuard peers, and present the benefits and drawbacks of this new technology. The outcome was a functional WireGuard client and server implementation, capable of tunneling all Internet traffic through a cloud-based virtual private server (VPS), with minimal manual configuration necessary from the end user. The code is publicly available.

Detection And Tracking Of Pedestrians Using Doppler Lidar, Xiaoyi Peng, Jie Shan

Lyles School of Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Pedestrian detection and tracking is necessary for autonomous vehicles and traffic manage- ment. This paper presents a novel solution to pedestrian detection and tracking for urban scenarios based on Doppler LiDAR that records both the position and velocity of the targets. The workflow consists of two stages. In the detection stage, the input point cloud is first segmented to form clus- ters, frame by frame. A subsequent multiple pedestrian separation process is introduced to further segment pedestrians close to each other. While a simple speed classifier is capable of extracting most of the moving pedestrians, a supervised machine learning-based classifier …

Integration Of A Smart Grid In The United States, Katie Buchholtz, Cooper Fetters, Cooper Lecomp

Purdue Policy Research Institute (PPRI) Student Policy Briefs

In February 2021, the Texas power grid experienced widespread outages for days during a severe winter storm. The lack of fine control on grid technology and modernized infrastructure left hundreds of thousands of residents freezing in their homes instead of manageable short-term rolling blackouts. The electrical grid in the United States has not sufficiently modernized to keep up with the rise in technology developing throughout the United States.

Without modernization and necessary improvements, limitations in the grid will expose themselves as widespread outages affecting residents, infrastructure, and companies across the United States. Transitioning the United States to a smart grid …

Lethal Autonomous Weapons And Human-In-The-Chain, Ansh Desai, Jacob Harmon, Tanya Khandelwal, Kyle Vandewalle

Purdue Policy Research Institute (PPRI) Student Policy Briefs

Lethal autonomous weapon systems, or LAWS, are weapons that can select a target with the help of sensors and artificial intelligence and attack with little to no human intervention [1]. There are several economic, political, and social benefits to LAWS, but also there are risks and costs. Currently, there are no laws regulating these weapon systems, but most stakeholders are lobbying for a change in policy. This policy brief discusses three different potential states of policies: (1) no new policies to regulate LAWs, (2) a complete ban of LAWs, and (3) strict regulations regarding the use of LAWs. We recommend …

Lack Of Cybersecurity In The United States’ Critical Infrastructure, Dean Santos, Jonathan Kovacev, Kinsey Larson

Purdue Policy Research Institute (PPRI) Student Policy Briefs

Technology has revolutionized the nature of information, remote control, and communication itself, but it has also brought with it tangible dangers. Top minds in the United States, as well as the rest of the world, have seen those dangers and dedicated their work to mitigate them, developing the ideas and policies necessary to protect the nation from those dangers, and yet the actual implementation of safety measures within the nation lags behind.

In the meantime, as U.S. critical infrastructure remains woefully unprotected, the nation opens itself up to a plethora of cyber-attacks. These attacks can cause damage in many ways. …

The Future Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Gavin Burn, Joshiah Probst, Quintin Lemire

Purdue Policy Research Institute (PPRI) Student Policy Briefs

Since the first use of modern chemical weapons in World War I, Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs) have improved drastically in lethality and longevity. These advances in weapons production, coupled with civilian industries that can be rapidly converted to produce these weapons, provide a serious concern to the future of global security. For these reasons, further action is needed by stakeholders, specifically the United Nations (UN) and global superpowers, to curtail the development, proliferation, and WMDs utilization, for both domestic and international peace and prosperity. Following are two ways the future security of WMDs can be addressed by the aforementioned …

Second And Fifth Graders’ Use Of Knowledge-Pieces And Knowledge-Structures When Solving Integer Addition Problems, Mahtob Aqazade, Laura Bofferding

Purdue Center for Early Learning Faculty and Staff Publications

In this study, we explored second and fifth graders’ noticing of negative signs and incorporation of them into their strategies when solving integer addition problems. Fifty-one out of 102 second graders and 90 out of 102 fifth graders read or used negative signs at least once across the 11 problems. Among second graders, one of their most common strategies was subtracting numbers using their absolute values, which aligned with students’ whole number knowledge-pieces and knowledge-structure. They sometimes preserved the order of numbers and changed the placement of the negative sign (e.g., −9 + 2 as 9 – 2) and sometimes …

Developing A Rigorous Measure Of The Pre-School Home Mathematics Environment, Abbie Cahoon, Tony Cassidy, David J. Purpura, Victoria Simms

Purdue Center for Early Learning Faculty and Staff Publications

Children begin pre-school with varying levels of school readiness. Those children who enter pre-school with better foundational mathematics skills are more likely to succeed in school than those who do not. This initial variation in early mathematics suggests that experiences outside of the school setting, namely the home environment, may support learning and development. This study aims to systematically develop a comprehensive home mathematics environment questionnaire that reliably assesses the experiences of pre-school children (i.e., 3–5-year-olds) following recent recognised scale development and validation methods. Four studies were used to develop and validate the Pre-school Home Mathematics Questionnaire (PHMQ). Study 1 …

Next Directions In Measurement Of The Home Mathematics Environment: An International And Interdisciplinary Perspective, Caroline Byrd Hornburg, Giulia A. Borriello, Melody Kung, Joyce Lin, Ellen C. Litkowski, Jimena Cosso, Alexa Ellis, Yemimah A. King, Erica Zippert, Natasha J. Cabrera, Pamela Davis-Kean, Sarah Eason, Sara A. Hart, Iheoma U. Iruka, Jo-Anne Lefevre, Victoria Simms, María Inés Susperreguy, Abbie Cahoon, Winnie Wai Lan Chan, Sum Kwing Cheung, Maria Coppola, Bert De Smet, Leanne Elliott, Nancy Estévez-Pérez, Thomas Gallagher-Mitchell, Nicole Gardner-Neblett, Camilla Gilmore, Diana Leyva, Erin A. Maloney, George Manolitsis, Gigliana Melzi, Belde Mutaf-Yıldız, Gena Nelson, Frank Niklas, Yuejuan Pan, Geetha B. Ramani, Sheri-Lynn Skwarchuk, Susan Sonnenschein, David J. Purpura

Purdue Center for Early Learning Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper synthesizes findings from an international virtual conference, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), focused on the home mathematics environment (HME). In light of inconsistencies and gaps in research investigating relations between the HME and children’s outcomes, the purpose of the conference was to discuss actionable steps and considerations for future work. The conference was composed of international researchers with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds. Presentations and discussions during the conference centered broadly on the need to better operationalize and measure the HME as a construct – focusing on issues related to child, family, and community …

Commitment Behaviour In The World Trade Organization's Trade Facilitation Agreement, Russell Hillberry

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

We use a new database of commitments made during the process of ratifying the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) to study variation in countries’ commitment behaviour. The TFA is a novel World Trade Organization agreement because it allows developing countries to select commitments from a menu of best practices in trade facilitation, rather than to consent, or not, to a comprehensive package of negotiated commitments. The operation of this á la carte approach to concluding trade agreements is worthy of study in its own right, but the commitment data also offer a high-level description of progress in an international effort to …

How Libraries Responded In The Early Days Of The Pandemic: A Study Of The Lis Literature, Jane Kinkus Yatcilla, Sarah Young

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

As we emerge from an unprecedented pandemic that saw closure of libraries, schools, and universities worldwide, we can begin to assess potential lasting impacts on institutions, professions and communities. Through a rapid bibliometric study of COVID-19-related library publishing, we provide a first glimpse into the impacts of the pandemic on library operations, services, collections, and the workforce. We identified and analyzed 237 journal articles published in 2020 about libraries and the pandemic. These articles indicate broad cross-sectoral, global impacts on libraries and librarianship. Our analysis provides a baseline for future research on lasting effects of the pandemic on the field.

Students' Information Literacy Skills At The School Of Communication, Public Management And Tourism (Polytechnic Institute Of Bragança, Portugal): Evaluation And University Library Role, Marisa Borges, Liliana Esteves Gomes, Clarisse Do Céu Pais

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

Having Information Literacy (IL) skills is essential for the student's academic, professional and personal development. According to the guidelines of the European Higher Education Area, abilities and skills related to research, evaluation, management, use and dissemination of information are required. This research aims to present the results of the study carried out at the School of Communication, Public Management and Tourism - Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. The following data collection instruments were used: IL-HUMASS questionnaire and interviews. The questionnaire sample obtained represents 94.4% of the student’s population enrolled in the academic year 2018/2019. Results reveal that information research is ranked …

We Are Partners! - Connecting Through Collaboration And Engagement With Communities At Smu Libraries, Wei Xia

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

Increasingly today, libraries are competing for attention in the digital world and need to demonstrate their value to their communities. Singapore Management University Libraries (SMU Libraries) proactively initiate, engage, and collaborate with its internal and external communities and expand easy access to relevant, responsive resources that furthers the needs of the SMU community. These initiatives are aligned with the university’s strategies of integration, industry, innovation, and internationalization. Research librarians at SMU Libraries too, are re-inventing themselves by working closely with their faculty, students, and the external community to make significant impact on the quality of research, teaching, and learning. They …

The Hive: A Love Story Or When Two Libraries Become One, Janine Downes

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

An active embodiment of the concept of the Civic University, The Hive in Worcester is the UK’s first fully integrated public and university library. This paper will explore the partnership and dialogic approaches that led to its creation and subsequent success and examine to what degree Calhoun’s assertion that universities should “educate citizens in general, to share knowledge, to distribute it as widely as possible” has been fulfilled and whether that has resulted in a contribution to the public good. To do this I will explore the literature of the public good of universities and the civic university. This alongside …

Library Services As Partner: Bringing Students And The Public Together To Deliver Impact, Alan Brine, Elizabeth Wheelband

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

This paper discusses the creation of a permanent, centre for research and education in a UK university, open to the public and delivered in collaboration with its students and the public. Library Senior Leadership Team presented a business case to develop a new centre at De Montfort University an underutilised area on campus. This area contains parts of a fourteenth century collegiate church, once at the heart of medieval Leicester and was part of the earliest of the predecessor institutions of the University. Grounded in De Montfort University’s central objectives of serving the community and the public good, the proposals …

Choosing Readings: Portuguese Academic Library Users' Preferences For Printed Books Or E-Books, Tatiana Sanches, Luiza Baptista Melo, Isabel Sá, Célia Cruz

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

The emergence of e-books as resources of scientific information in university libraries has been imposing at the pace of technology, with advantages such as portability, cost or accessibility, assuming that e-reading is being well received and appropriated by library users, who can access scientific information from anywhere. However, recent studies from prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, pointed to the resurgence of paper reading preferences. This study analyses the behavioural trends in the use of scientific information from these two media: printed books and e-books and the way university libraries users choose to use it, particularly in the pandemic context. To …

Three Strategic Pillars: Finnish University Libraries' Network Fuelling Open Science And Access To Research-Based Information, Anne Lehto, Minna Abrahamsson-Sipponen, Tommi Harju, Susanna Parikka, Pia Södergård

Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences

In the fast-developing landscape of open science, university libraries need to constantly keep up to date in order to provide expert services that meet the current and future needs of researchers, students, and anyone in need of research-based information. Joint actions are needed both nationally and internationally. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that open science currently only gives partial access to research information. A significant part of the information resources are behind paywalls, and as library premises have been closed for the public walk-in access, the information resources have not been accessible to a wider audience. The Finnish University Libraries’ …