Digital Commons Network^™

White Enriched Bread Vs. Whole Wheat Bread, Sandra D. Simons

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Sampling For Area Estimation: A Comparison Of Full-Frame Sampling With The Sample Segment Approach, Marilyn M. Hixson, Marvin E. Bauer, Barbara J. Davis

LARS Symposia

The objective of this investigation

was to evaluate the effect of sampling on

the accuracy (precision and bias) of crop

area estimates made from classifications

of Landsat MSS data. Full-frame classifications

of wheat and non-wheat for

eighty counties in Kansas were repetitively

sampled to simulate alternative

sampling plans. Four sampling schemes

involving different numbers of samples

and different size sampling units were

evaluated. The precision of the wheat

area estimates increased as the segment

size decreased and the number of segments

was increased. Although the average

bias associated with the various sampling

schemes was not significantly different,

the maximum absolute …

Use Of A Standard Deviation Based Texture Channel For Landsat Classification Of Forest Strata, Thomas L. Logan, Alan H. Strahler, Curtis E. Woodcock

LARS Symposia

A classification procedure for identifying volume homogeneous timber strata from Landsat imagery is under examination in the rugged forest lands of northern California's Klamath National Forest. A unique feature of this procedure is the addition of a texture channel created from Landsat Band 5 by calculating the standard deviation of density values within a 3-by-3 pixel moving window. Once calculated, the standard deviation is scaled, associated with the center location of the 3-by-3 window, and output in spatially registered image format. This synthesized texture channel exhibits low values in areas of continuous canopy cover and higher values in areas of …

Crop-Area Estimates From Landsat; Transition From Research And Development To Timely Results, George Hanuschak, Richard Sigman, Michael Craig, Martin Ozga, Raymond Luebbe, Paul Cook, David Kleweno, Charles Miller

LARS Symposia

The utility of LANDSAT data in developing data in crop-area statistics has been demonstrated by a number of investigators. Generally such studies have had "proof of concept" in a research and development (R&D) mode as their primary objective. Obtaining timely results for consumption by agricultural data users has been of secondary importance in most R&D studies. In contrast, this paper describes recent efforts by the Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service (ESCS) of USDA in developing timely crop-area estimates from LANDSAT with measurable and improved precision. The 1978 Iowa corn and soybean crops were the key items of interest for this …

Thematic Mapper Agricultural Applications Performance -- Speculations And Implications For Research, M. C. Trichel, J. D. Erickson

LARS Symposia

We discuss how performance of the technology used in agricultural applications such as satellite-aided production forecasting as was done in the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) is expected to be improved when using Thematic Mapper (TM) data as opposed to Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data. We place this discussion in the context of eight characteristics of the TM: (1) Spectral band placement and width, (2) spacial resolution, ( 3 ) temporal registration accuracy, (4) radiometric sensitivity, (5) temporal sampling frequency, (6) scan angle, (7) data timeliness, and (8) data volume.

The TM specifications clearly alleviate many of the deficiencies …

Design Challenges Of The Thematic Mapper, L. E. Blanchard, Oscar Weinstein

LARS Symposia

The Thematic Mapper (TM) , currently being developed by Hughes Aircraft Company under contract NAS 5-24200, is a multispectral earth resources sensor that will be launched on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Landsat-D satellite in 1981. The TM will operate in a circular, near-polar orbit at 705 km altitude and will scan a swath of earth 185 km wide. It will generate data at 84.9 Mbps over seven spectral ranges simultaneously and provide classification of crop fields as small as 6 to 10 acres.

One TM component is a moving scan mirror that is active during both the forward …

California Desert Resource Inventory Using Multispectral Classification Of Digitally Mosaicked Landsat Frames, Nevin A. Bryant, Ronald G. Mcleod, Albert L. Zobrist, Hyrum B. Johnson

LARS Symposia

Time and budget constraints have precluded the use of conventional mapping techniques for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to produce a comprehensive resource inventory of the California deserts region as mandated by the California Desert Conservation Act. A Landsat mosaic at full resolution for ten scenes over the California deserts region was used to provide a continuous data base for multispectral thematic classification. Procedures for adjustment of brightness values between frames and the digital mosaicking of the Landsat frames to standard map projections were developed for this task and are discussed.

The principle of transect sampling was adopted as …

Predictability Of Change In Soil Reflectance On Wetting, John B. Peterson, Barret F. Robinson, Robert H. Beck

LARS Symposia

The loss of reflectance from the oven dry state to field capacity for 15 surface soils from Central Indiana, representative of the Mollisol and Alfisol great soil groups, is definitely related to the oven dry reflectances of the soils. A regression analysis of the relationship of the darkening effect of wetting on the reflectance of the soils when dry results in regression curves with R2 values ranging from .9914 to .9291 over the five wavelength bands used, -52-.58 µm, .71 µm, .76 - .90 µm, .90-1.22 µm and 1.50-1.73µm.

Furthermore, striking evidence of the predictability of soil moisture tensions from …

A New Model For Estimating Proportions Of Land Cover Classes Within A Pixel, Curtis E. Woodcock, T. R. Smith, A. H. Strahler

LARS Symposia

A new method for estimating proportions of land cover classes within a pixel (1) specifies a new model for the response of multispectral brightness to varying cover proportions; (2) uses unequal dispersion matrices for the classes; and (3) is executed with a table look-up algorithm suited to discretely-valued digital sensor data. The model provides an alternative to that developed by Horwitz, Nalepka, and others at the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan during 1973-1975, and allows easy sensitivity analysis as well as ready assessment of Type I error.

The model was tested on a winter Landsat image of the southern Sierra …

An Analytical Approach To The Design Of Spectral Measurements In The Design Of Multispectral Sensor, Daniel J. Wiersma, David A. Landgrebe

LARS Symposia

The purpose of the research which led to this paper is to develop an analytical procedure for the design of the spectral channels for multispectral remote sensor systems. An optimum design based on the criterion of minimum mean-square representation error using the Karhunen-Loeve expansion was developed to represent the spectral response functions from a stratum. From the overall pattern recognition system perspective the effect of the representation accuracy on a typical performance criterion, the probability of correct classification, is investigated. Although the analytical technique was developed primarily for the purpose of sensor design it was found that the procedure has …

Using Guided Clustering Techniques To Analyze Landsat Data For Mapping Forest Land Cover In Northern California, Lawrence Fox, Kenneth E. Mayer

LARS Symposia

Three approaches to computer assisted Landsat multispectral classifications are described. The supervised classification technique enables the analyst to focus on land cover categories of interest. The unsupervised approach uses the statistical properties of the image to identify spectrally pure classes. Guided clustering combines the characteristics of both approaches to develop the maximum number of low variance classes for each land cover category defined.

The application of guided clustering to forest land classification is explained. EDITOR software was used to merge and edit spectral statistics to produce the maximum number of low variance, statistically separate classes. Color-infrared aerial photography was used …

Classification Of Areas Using Pixel-By-Pixel And Sample Classifiers, Ravindra Kumar, Madalena Niero, Adalton Paes Manso

LARS Symposia

The purpose of this study was to compare the area classification accuracy of each of the following options of image classification: 1. a pixel-by-pixel maximum likelihood gaussian classifier. 2. a sample classifier based on B-distance (derived from the Bhattacharyya distance). 3. a sample classifier based on the generalized maximum likelihood approach. 4. the pixel-by-pixel "single-cell signature acquisition" option of the Image-100 System. 5. same as option 1, but using the following simple decision rule for classification: if the percentage of pixels classified into the same class, within a given test field, exceeded a threshold value of 60%, they were all …

Pasture/Wheat Surface Temperature Differences: Indicator Of Relative Soil Moisture Differences, Mesley D. Rosenthal, J. C. Harlan, Bruce J. Blanchard, G. Coleman

LARS Symposia

Thermal infrared data can potentially improve crop yield estimates through detection of different crop stress levels. Jackson, et al. (1977) have used thermal data in detecting different levels of moisture stress. An accumulated sum of the crop-air temperature difference through the growing season is indicative of different moisture stress levels and, consequently, wheat yields. Various other studies on different crops have arrived at similar results (Reginato, 1978).

Little work has been conducted relating satellite thermal data to moisture stress conditions. One important reason is that the spatial resolution of present satellite thermal data is quite large. For example, one pixel …

Predictability Of Change In Soil Reflectance On Wetting, John B. Peterson, Barrett F. Robinson, Robert H. Beck

LARS Technical Reports

The loss of reflectance from the oven dry state to field capacity for 15 surface soils from Central Indiana, representative of the Mollisol and Alfisol great soil groups, is definitely related to the oven dry reflectances of the soils. A regression analysis of the relationship of the darkening effect of wetting on the reflectance of the soils when dry results in regression curves with R2 values ranging from .9914 to .9291 over the five wavelength bands used, .52-.58 µm, .71 µm, .76 - .90 µm, .90-1.22 µm and 1.50-1.73 µm.

Furthermore, striking evidence of the predictability of soil moisture tensions …

Machine Processing Of Landsat Mss Data And Dma Topographic Data For Forest Cover Type Mapping, Michael D. Fleming, Roger M. Hoffer

LARS Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

A Summery Of Planning Agencies In Indiana, Charles A. Sargent

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Transfer Of Remote Sensing Computer Technology To The Developing World---Case Examples, Charles K. Paul

LARS Symposia

Computerized image processing represents a level of technology sufficiently advanced that the Agency for International Development (AID) has had years of problems attempting to set up the necessary equipment support. The theory of pattern recognition and various software algorithms, such as maximum likelihood, kth nearest neighbor, and supervised clustering, are difficult to teach to remote sensing resource managers and technicians with limited education in mathematics. Computer hardware is relatively complex and, in addition to requiring programming skills, both procedural level, as well as operating systems, also requires training in electronic "trouble-shooting" and computer maintenance to keep systems in operation.

Landsat-2 Data For Inventorying Rangelands In South Texas, James H. Everitt, Arthur J. Richardson, Alvin H. Gerbermann, Craig L. Wiegand, Mario A. Alaniz

LARS Symposia

A 81,000-ha rangeland area in Kenedy and Willacy Counties, Texas, was used to test LANDSAT-2 MSS data from October 17 and December 10, 1975 for inventorying rangeland and various other land-use categories.

Computer land-use classification percentages of land cover for each overpass were compared with photo-estimated percentages from a ground correlated 1:100,000 scale LANDSAT color composite print. We found a highly significant correlation (r = 0.977**) between the photo- and computer-estimated hectarages for the October LANDSAT-2 overpass. The correlation was not significant for the December overpass largely because about half of the most extensive rangeland category (mixed brush) was misclassified …

Termite Control In Existing Structures, Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Cereal Leaf Beetle, David L. Matthew Jr., C. Richard Edwards

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Indiana Corn And Soybeans Basis Patterns (Central Countries), J. Willaim Uhrig, Gary Van Hoozer

Historical Documents of the Purdue Cooperative Extension Service Archive

No abstract provided.

Attenuation And Speed Of 10 Mhz Ultrasound In Canine Blood Of Various Packed Cell Volumes At 37c, D J. Hughes, L A. Geddes, Charles F. Babbs, J D. Bourland, V L. Newhouse

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

The attenuation coefficient and the speed of 10 MHz ultrasound were determined in canine blood at 37 oC by a differential path length technique. Blood specimens with packed cell volumes (PCV) ranging from 0 to 53% were prepared by separating the cells from the plasma and mixing the two components. The mean attenuation coefficient increased linearly with packed cell volume, the least squares regression function being  (dB/cm) = 0.992 +0.039 PCV with a standard error of the estimate = 0.255. The speed of 10 MHz ultrasound, c, in millimetres per second, increased with packed cell volume, the regression function …

Perceptions Of Effective Public Participation In Water Resources Decision Making And Their Relationship To Levels Of Participation, H. R. Potter, H. J. Norville

IWRRC Technical Reports Archive

No abstract provided.

Chemistry Of Phosphorus, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, And Zinc In Indiana Lake And Reservoir Sediments, E. Orme, D. W. Nelson

IWRRC Technical Reports Archive

No abstract provided.

Elevation Of Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold In Dogs By Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Charles F. Babbs, Gkw Yim, S J. Whistler, W A. Tacker, L A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs upon the threshold delivered energy (TDE) and threshold peak current (TPC) for electrical ventricular defibrillation by damped sinusoidal shocks were investigated in 25 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. TDE and TPC were increased by the three antiarrhythmic drugs tested. Bolus injections produced a transient rise, and continuous infusions produced a steady rise in defibrillation threshold. The maximal percent elevations in mean defibrillation threshold during the 60 minutes after intravenous drug treatment in groups of n = 5 dogs were: Treatment % increase in TDE % increase in TPC Lidocaine bolus (3 mg/kg) 48 26 Lidocaine (0.5 mg/Kg/min) 99 45 …

Measurements Of Young's Modulus Of Elasticity Of The Canine Aorta With Ultrasound, D J. Hughes, Charles F. Babbs, L A. Geddes, J D. Bourland

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

We have developed an ultrasonic technique for determining the dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity (E) of the canine aorta in vivo. Young's modulus was measured in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) and the abdominal aorta (AA) of 12 dogs over a range of mean blood pressures from 40-200 mmHg. The vessels were excised and dynamic moduli were determined in vitro postmortem from pressure-volume curves. The data so obtained were compared to the in vivo values. In vivo and in vitro moduli increased exponentially with mean distending pressure (P). The equation of best fit for these data was of the form …

Georgia's Operational Landsat Processing System, N. L. Faust, L. E. Jordan, B. Q. Rado

LARS Symposia

The State of Georgia and the Georgia Institute of Technology have created an exemplary relationship in the formation of a cohesive group for the analysis of Landsat data, its application to real world problems, and its inclusion in applications using geographic data base techniques. This group has evolved over a period of four to five years and lists as its accomplishments several successful demonstration projects using Landsat data, an operational Landsat classification of the entire State of Georgia using 60 classes, the integration of Landsat data into several geographic data bases for use in operational short and long range planning, …

Computer Aided Assessment Of Revegetation On Surface Mine Land Utilizing Color Infrared Aerial Photography, William D. Mcfarland, Terry W. Barney, Chris J. Johannsen

LARS Symposia

A computer based methodology has been developed for assessing the extent of revegetation on surface mined lands utilizing digital image scanning of color infrared (CIR) aerial photography. Digital images, created from CIR photography of coal strip mines, were classified into three categories: bare soil, water and vegetation. The results of repetitive scans were compared to determine precision. Classification accuracy was established by comparing the results to known ground cover quantified by quadrat and area-metering methods of established accuracy. Results indicate that digital image analysis of CIR aerial photography if a feasible tool for measuring the extent of revegetation on surface …

Transformation Of Atmospheric And Solar Illumination Conditions On The Ccrs Image Analysis System, Francis J. Ahern, Philippe M. Teillet, David G. Goodenough

LARS Symposia

A software package for the transformation of atmospheric and illumination conditions (TASIC) has been implemented on the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing's Image Analysis System. This package offers three different transformations: (1) transformation to reflectance units; (2) transformation of illumination conditions; and (3) transformation to radiance units under standard atmospheric and illumination conditions.

Atmospheric parameters can be derived from four different sources. allowing users considerable flexibility. In particular, the method of obtaining atmospheric information from the LANDSAT signals from clear water bodies (Ahern et al. 1977 a, b) has been incorporated as one of the options. It offers high accuracy …

Estimation Of Soil Moisture Status And Actual Evapotranspiration Using Remotely-Sensed Data, R. J. Gurney

LARS Symposia

Two digital models are described which relate soil surface temperatures estimated from aerial radiometric measurements to average daily soil moisture status and actual evapotranspiration. Both models estimate times series of surface temperatures from meteorological and soil measurements. The surface temperatures estimated using the models and the radiometer are compared, and the parameters of the models optimized until the differences are small. The parameters are carefully chosen to have unique relationships with soil moisture status and actual evapotranspiration, which may then be found.

The numerical models are expensive to implement, as are the models of atmospheric effects which must be used …