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Is Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption Persistently Overestimated?, Trey Malone, Chad Fiechter, Zanliang Meng, James Lowenberg‐Deboer, Bruce Erickson, Jay Akridge Mar 2026

Is Precision Agriculture Technology Adoption Persistently Overestimated?, Trey Malone, Chad Fiechter, Zanliang Meng, James Lowenberg‐Deboer, Bruce Erickson, Jay Akridge

Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Precision agriculture is sometimes assumed to diffuse steadily over time, and industry planning frequently extrapolates early adoption trends forward. This study evaluates the accuracy of such expectations by comparing agricultural input dealers' forecasts of future service offerings with the actual levels of offerings that dealerships eventually provided. Using 21 waves of the CropLife-Purdue Precision Agriculture Dealership Survey from 2000 to 2025, we examine expected and realized precision agriculture offerings across 26 technologies. We document systematic and persistent overestimation of adoption: for most technologies, expected diffusion exceeds realized outcomes, with forecast errors becoming especially pronounced as adoption flattened or declined in …


Broccoli Yield Following Varying Ratios Of Barley And Pea Cover Crop Mixtures, Jesen Hosch, Charlie Rohwer Mar 2026

Broccoli Yield Following Varying Ratios Of Barley And Pea Cover Crop Mixtures, Jesen Hosch, Charlie Rohwer

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

While cover crops can provide a variety of services to farmers, there is debate about the benefit of cover crop mixtures compared to monocultures. A barley monoculture, a pea monoculture, and varying ratios of a barley-pea cover crop mixture were planted in spring before broccoli and under-fertilized with nitrogen. Though both broccoli yield and head weight had a positive relationship with the percent peas in a mixture, a fallow control was similar to all treatments but the barley monoculture, which resulted in the lowest yield and head size.


Photoplethysmography For Measuring Cognitive Load In Xr Environments: A Systematic Review, Alya Alshehhi, Qammer H. Abbasi, Rami Ghannam Mar 2026

Photoplethysmography For Measuring Cognitive Load In Xr Environments: A Systematic Review, Alya Alshehhi, Qammer H. Abbasi, Rami Ghannam

School of Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a low-cost, low-power biosensing technology with growing applications in education, particularly for monitoring cognitive load in eXtended Reality (XR) learning environments. Measuring cognitive load is critical for preventing overload and optimising immersive learning, yet existing approaches such as self-reports or Electroencephalography (EEG) are often intrusive, costly or impractical for real-time use. This systematic review is the first to synthesize a decade of research (2015–2025) on the use of PPG for cognitive load measurement in XR. Twenty-three studies were identified and analysed according to PRISMA guidelines, with attention to sensor placement, integration with other modalities, research design, and …


Listening To Your Community: Understanding What Success Means, Kody Leach, Ben Lipps, Aaron Smith Mar 2026

Listening To Your Community: Understanding What Success Means, Kody Leach, Ben Lipps, Aaron Smith

Purdue Road School

How do residents truly feel about their community? In this presentation, leaders will explore the factors that shape quality of life and community identity from public spaces to safety and opportunity. By examining how people rate their own hometowns, participants will uncover insights into what drives satisfaction and engagement. The discussion will focus on how understanding community perceptions can guide better planning, stronger partnerships, and a shared vision for improvement.


Urban Streets That Enhance Quality Of Life, Shan Gunawardena Mar 2026

Urban Streets That Enhance Quality Of Life, Shan Gunawardena

Purdue Road School

While the design of urban streets is important to move traffic safely and efficiently, their impacts to our urban spaces is critical on how these roadways are designed. This presentation will discuss the planning and design of urban streets that improve quality of life and increase property values for all adjacent land uses by evaluating design features such as target speeds, lane widths, lateral clearances and introducing landscaping, green infrastructure and public art.


Small Towns, Big Problems?, Meghan Hinkle, Emily Chen, Nicholas Parsons Mar 2026

Small Towns, Big Problems?, Meghan Hinkle, Emily Chen, Nicholas Parsons

Purdue Road School

Small-town projects can be incredibly rewarding, offering visible, immediate impacts for the community. However, they often come with unique design and environmental challenges. This presentation will explore transportation projects across small towns in Indiana and share key lessons learned to help you avoid common pitfalls on your next small-town project.


Making Stem Sexy: Solving Civil Engineering’S Workforce Challenges, Tim Anheuser, Dan Mccoy, Patrick Zaharako, Stephanie Wagner Mar 2026

Making Stem Sexy: Solving Civil Engineering’S Workforce Challenges, Tim Anheuser, Dan Mccoy, Patrick Zaharako, Stephanie Wagner

Purdue Road School

A cultural change is necessary to address engineering’s primary workforce challenge: Fewer students are entering the profession as aging workforce is rapidly leaving, and 40% of STEM students switch majors or do not finish. This panel will include energetic discussions and solicit audience feedback with a focus on attracting new talent to the profession through Mentorship, developing Next Generation Leaders, and expanding STEM Curriculum to include New Technology.


Take The Guesswork Out Of Your Small Structures!, Rob Coop, Jason Peters Mar 2026

Take The Guesswork Out Of Your Small Structures!, Rob Coop, Jason Peters

Purdue Road School

Your small structures are valuable assets, which is why having real-time access to your inventory is critical. The presentation will provide case studies on a web-based tool, demonstrating how easy it is to track maintenance of small structures, record deficiencies and safety concerns, evaluate replacement priorities, and generate reports. This information is especially useful for budgeting and allocating funds through a fiscal body.


Public Speaking For Engineers And Public Officials: Revamped, Tim Jensen Mar 2026

Public Speaking For Engineers And Public Officials: Revamped, Tim Jensen

Purdue Road School

The presentation will cover some key do’s and don’ts when presenting topics and ideas to the public as well as local councils or commissions. Learn how to be confident, tell stories, and engage an audience.


The New 11th Edition Of The Indiana Mutcd, Joseph Bruno, David Boruff Mar 2026

The New 11th Edition Of The Indiana Mutcd, Joseph Bruno, David Boruff

Purdue Road School

The updated 11th edition of the Indiana MUTCD released in January of 2026 has many significant changes from the 2011 edition. This presentation provides an overview of the changes from the previous edition and significant variations between the federal MUTCD and the Indiana MUTCD.


Navigating Curb Ramps: Public Right-Of-Way Accessibility Guidelines,Indot, And Local Preferences, Kendall Knoke, Neil Kopper, Joe Streeter Mar 2026

Navigating Curb Ramps: Public Right-Of-Way Accessibility Guidelines,Indot, And Local Preferences, Kendall Knoke, Neil Kopper, Joe Streeter

Purdue Road School

Curb ramps: the more you know, the less you know. In this presentation, dig into the nitty gritty of curb ramp design including how to comply with federal law, how to navigate INDOT’s additional requirements, and how to incorporate local preferences. We will share lessons learned and the City of Bloomington’s local curb ramp preferences so you can know every ramp built in your community is both fully compliant with the law and optimally designed for the end user.


Lessons Learned: Indiana’S First Hybrid Intersection, Nicole Minton, Emily Sprinkle, Jeff Whitaker, Tyler Price Mar 2026

Lessons Learned: Indiana’S First Hybrid Intersection, Nicole Minton, Emily Sprinkle, Jeff Whitaker, Tyler Price

Purdue Road School

This session will highlight Indiana’s first hybrid innovative intersection at TheLloyd4U and Stockwell Avenue, merging a Displaced Left Turn and Boulevard Left Turn. We will share lessons learned from design and implementation, including how collaboration and innovation shaped this unique solution to traffic challenges. A before-and-after perspective will offer practical takeaways for future intersection projects.


Building A Vitalizing Team Culture, Iris Bull, Andrew Cibor Mar 2026

Building A Vitalizing Team Culture, Iris Bull, Andrew Cibor

Purdue Road School

Leaders in the public sector face unique challenges in the recruitment and retainage of productive employees. Administrative staff from the City of Bloomington Engineering Department present an analysis of the strategies they employ to shape a high performing team. They examine mutable and designed aspects of their processes for advertising, interviewing, hiring, onboarding, and exit interviewing. Session participants will be provided tested strategies for stimulating professional growth, fostering intradepartmental collaboration, and building resilient culture.


We’Re Building A Roundabout For Just $1 Million?!??!, Jason Taylor, David Reamer, Clancy Sturgeon Mallott Mar 2026

We’Re Building A Roundabout For Just $1 Million?!??!, Jason Taylor, David Reamer, Clancy Sturgeon Mallott

Purdue Road School

This presentation will highlight an INDOT case study on converting a high-speed, signalized rural intersection at SR 45/SR 445 to a compact roundabout that leverages the existing pavement structure and shoulder capacity to minimize new work and maintenance needs. The design limits footprint growth, avoids new right of way, and targets safer operations with speed-management features, including a proposed reduction of the posted speed. We will share geometry, traffic, and maintenance of traffic considerations as well as development lessons from district and central-office coordination for constructible, low-cost safety improvements.


History Of The Interstate System In Indiana, Steven Wuertz Mar 2026

History Of The Interstate System In Indiana, Steven Wuertz

Purdue Road School

A brief history of the Interstate System in Indiana and across the Nation— 1956–2026: 70 years of the Interstate System


Sr 56 Emergency Slide Repair, Michael Flanagan, Bob Tally, Joey Franzino, Meghan Hinkle, Justin Anderson Mar 2026

Sr 56 Emergency Slide Repair, Michael Flanagan, Bob Tally, Joey Franzino, Meghan Hinkle, Justin Anderson

Purdue Road School

This presentation will provide an overview of the design, emergency procurement, and construction of the SR 56 Slide Repair outside of Madison. Despite being planned for the November 2025 letting, this 300-foot-long slide site adjacent to the Ohio River was successfully repaired. In March 2025, slide movement accelerated and SR 56 was closed. The emergency construction contract utilized Stage 3 plans to procure a design-build soil nail wall. We will also discuss how environmental and permit documents were updated for the 600-foot-long repair.


Closing The Loop: How Public Comments Shape Projects, Summer Elmore, Marie Spitler, Andrea Langille, Matt Lee, Joann Wooldridge Mar 2026

Closing The Loop: How Public Comments Shape Projects, Summer Elmore, Marie Spitler, Andrea Langille, Matt Lee, Joann Wooldridge

Purdue Road School

Have you often heard from members of the public that nothing they say matters? This presentation will focus on how the project owner and designer collaborate to actively address concerns from the public. We will discuss several recent transportation project examples where extensive public participation was sought, evaluated, and utilized. Panelists will demonstrate how to prepare successfully for public involvement and incorporate feedback into final project plans.


Iconic Henry Street Bridge In Indianapolis, Marshall Lachecki, Keith Echternach, Mary Appel Mar 2026

Iconic Henry Street Bridge In Indianapolis, Marshall Lachecki, Keith Echternach, Mary Appel

Purdue Road School

The iconic new Henry Street bridge over the White River in Indianapolis is a connection to the west side of downtown Indy.  From the challenging hydraulics requirements to the bridge concepts, design, procurement and through construction and archaeology work, the City has worked with many stakeholders and the public to make this new crossing a success.  This presentation will focus on design elements of the bridge while touching upon other project elements.


You Want To Build What In The River?, Scott Schnell, Chad Hurm, Craig Knies Mar 2026

You Want To Build What In The River?, Scott Schnell, Chad Hurm, Craig Knies

Purdue Road School

This presentation will highlight the construction of a toe-wood shelf built in the Patoka River in Jasper. Topics will include a brief history of local settings, issues to resolve, decisions to construct toe-wood shelf, design and construction of the toe-wood shelf, regulatory permitting, and a status update on project performance.


From Boomers To Zoomers: Closing The Communication Gap, Cassy Bajek, Mindy Peterson Mar 2026

From Boomers To Zoomers: Closing The Communication Gap, Cassy Bajek, Mindy Peterson

Purdue Road School

Effective communications help pave the way for success inside (and outside) the workplace. What we say and how we say it matters. Understanding generational communication can make a real difference in reducing misunderstandings and improving collaboration. This short crash course in understanding Boomers to Zoomers can help improve teamwork, productivity, morale, and the work being produced. Improve your communication and improve your relationships!


Improvements In Waterborne Traffic Paint For Indiana, Joseph Bruno, Andrew Blackburn Mar 2026

Improvements In Waterborne Traffic Paint For Indiana, Joseph Bruno, Andrew Blackburn

Purdue Road School

INDOT has updated its specification for waterborne traffic paints that results in improved durability and the ability to apply traffic paint in colder weather. This presentation provides background on INDOT's waterborne traffic paint specification, a summary of the road trials that INDOT conducted to evaluate different paint specifications, future developments for waterborne traffic paint, and a maintenance perspective on INDOT painting operations.


An Innovative Road Design For A Storm Water Project, Brian Carpenter, Tucker Born, Joe Streeter Mar 2026

An Innovative Road Design For A Storm Water Project, Brian Carpenter, Tucker Born, Joe Streeter

Purdue Road School

Indianapolis DPW has started construction on major drainage improvements in one of its oldest neighborhoods, Fountain Square. Building a 66” storm sewer main along Shelby Street from I-65 into the heart of Fountain Square created design opportunities beyond accommodating the 10-year storm. This session will explore the innovative road design being incorporated into the reconstructed Shelby Street, including an inverted crown, bioretention areas, and cycle track safety improvements.


Us 20.1 In Amish Community Corridor, Elkhart County, Jen Goins, Mike Koch, Mike Wigger Mar 2026

Us 20.1 In Amish Community Corridor, Elkhart County, Jen Goins, Mike Koch, Mike Wigger

Purdue Road School

This presentation highlights a case study that covers a 4-mile rural road reconstruction from two to five lanes through poor soils, wetlands, and an Amish community. With 100+ driveways, endangered species, and limited drainage, the project required creative solutions to balance environmental, cultural, and engineering challenges.


Prioritizing Municipal Pavements With Data, Mark St. John, Jack Sinton, Peter Flynn Mar 2026

Prioritizing Municipal Pavements With Data, Mark St. John, Jack Sinton, Peter Flynn

Purdue Road School

The Indianapolis Department of Public Works has developed a new data-driven approach to prioritize pavement resurfacing needs in Indianapolis. The approach considers pavement condition, traffic, citizen feedback, and safety, and it relies on both real-world and modeled data. This presentation will outline how the scoring process was developed, what these scores tell us, and how we can use them for real-world decision-making.


Targeting Speed In Design: A Safe System Approach, Kevin Mckeel Mar 2026

Targeting Speed In Design: A Safe System Approach, Kevin Mckeel

Purdue Road School

To achieve a truly Safe System and eliminate severe crash outcomes on public roadways, transportation agencies must systematically manage the transfer of kinetic energy. Case studies from Hillsborough County, Florida, explore how incorporating the Safe Speed element of the Safe System Approach assists in delivery of context-sensitive vehicle speeds, a key factor in reducing the kinetic energy in collisions. Attendees will learn practical strategies for identifying and achieving safe target and design speeds.


Developing The Central Indiana Vulnerable Road User Assessment, Dan Malsom, Andrea Miller Mar 2026

Developing The Central Indiana Vulnerable Road User Assessment, Dan Malsom, Andrea Miller

Purdue Road School

The Indianapolis Metropolitan Planning Organization (IMPO) is developing Central Indiana’s first ever regional Vulnerable Road User (VRU) Assessment. This presentation will present the scope, methodology, assessment results, and lessons learned from the process. We will focus on how the IMPO VRU Assessment differs from the region’s overall Safe Streets and Roads for All planning and the Statewide VRU Assessment INDOT completed in 2023, as well as why communities might want to consider conducting their own assessments.


Us 31 Limited Access: Coordination And Land Challenges, Andrea Langille, Jennifer Beck, Michael Kuehl, Adam Burns Mar 2026

Us 31 Limited Access: Coordination And Land Challenges, Andrea Langille, Jennifer Beck, Michael Kuehl, Adam Burns

Purdue Road School

This session will explore the US 31 Limited Access Conversion project, offering key insights into planning, stakeholder coordination, and right-of-way acquisition. We will explore the project’s complexities, including business access impacts, excess land management and disposal, and unintended consequences that emerged throughout the process.


Taking Advantage Of Utility Coordination With Alternate Delivery, Sandra Jones, Theresa Mendoza, Shandra Huettl, Tricia Graham Mar 2026

Taking Advantage Of Utility Coordination With Alternate Delivery, Sandra Jones, Theresa Mendoza, Shandra Huettl, Tricia Graham

Purdue Road School

Indianapolis DPW has started construction on major drainage improvements in one of its oldest neighborhoods, Fountain Square. This urban neighborhood has 150+ years of utilities, trolley tracks, and other nderground infrastructure hiding underneath the streets. Design of a large diameter storm sewer along Shelby Street required a robust utility coordination effort to minimize risk and delays. This session will explore the benefits of utility coordination efforts under the alternative delivery method that DPW used to procure construction.


Field Implementation Of Lidar For Traffic Signal Detection, Vincent Divaccaro, Jay Grossman, Charles Mckenzie Mar 2026

Field Implementation Of Lidar For Traffic Signal Detection, Vincent Divaccaro, Jay Grossman, Charles Mckenzie

Purdue Road School

Elkhart County deployed a LiDAR system in fall 2025 for traffic signal detection to replace an aging video system. In this presentation, we will share results of the test implementation, notes on field implementation, integration of the system in signal operations, and comments on system operation and performance since installation.


Management Of Roadway Network Restrictions, Philip Labrash, James Reitz, Ethan Black Mar 2026

Management Of Roadway Network Restrictions, Philip Labrash, James Reitz, Ethan Black

Purdue Road School

Fort Wayne Public Works managed more than 2,100 requests to restrict its roadway network in 2024 and was projected to do so again in 2025. This presentation will provide an overview of the permitting system and describe common restriction requests such as construction, utility installations, building maintenance, festivals, and special events. The City has developed a multifaceted communications strategy to convey restrictions to the public which includes development of an interactive website, geographically customizable daily email bulletins, and interlocal coordination.