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Understanding Macroscale Patterns And Processes Of Invasion, Gabriela Nunez-Mir May 2018

Understanding Macroscale Patterns And Processes Of Invasion, Gabriela Nunez-Mir

Open Access Dissertations

The increasing rate of biological invasions and their impacts are one of the major threats in the Anthropocene. However, certain knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of patterns and processes of invasion, despite an extensive body of research dedicated to this phenomenon. Highly-debated topics in invasion ecology could benefit from a macrosystems perspective. Studies performed at the macroscale are able to capture the effect of global-level processes that drive invasions, detect patterns that transcend taxonomic and geographic boundaries, and minimize biases stemming from the specificity of studies performed at more localized scales. Here, I aim to provide novel insights into …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Multiphase Flow Between Rotating And Stationary Disks, Irsha Pardeshi May 2018

Modeling And Simulation Of Multiphase Flow Between Rotating And Stationary Disks, Irsha Pardeshi

Open Access Dissertations

The Clutch in an automotive vehicle transfers power from the engine to the wheels with the speed and torque controlled by a gearbox. To accommodate different speeds and loads, different gear ratios are needed, and the clutch disengages and engages every time those ratios are changed. Since heat is generated when disengaged and when suddenly engaging, lubricating oil is pumped throughout the clutch to cool and to reduce friction. When the clutch is disengaged, drag torque is generated. Drag torque is due to the viscous force from the relative motion between the friction (rotating) disk and the separator (stationary) disk. …

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A Molecular Perspective For The Understanding Of Polymer‒Drug Interactions, Laura Isabel Mosquera Giraldo May 2018

A Molecular Perspective For The Understanding Of Polymer‒Drug Interactions, Laura Isabel Mosquera Giraldo

Open Access Dissertations

Polymers are often used to stabilize amorphous drug formulations enabling the maintenance of high drug supersaturations. However, the molecular mechanism of stabilization is unclear, making the rational design of new polymers challenging. This research has focused on understanding the effectiveness of polymers to inhibit drug crystallization using experimental and computational modeling approaches. This thesis has six sections. The first section reviews the pharmaceutical significance of amorphous solid dispersions. The second section describes a study to evaluate the phase behavior of supersaturated drug solutions of telaprevir, a compound that undergoes glass-liquid phase separation when the amorphous solubility is exceeded. The third …

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Enhancing Mirna Therapeutic Efficacy Through Combinatorial Targeting And Vehicle Free Delivery, Esteban A. Orellana May 2018

Enhancing Mirna Therapeutic Efficacy Through Combinatorial Targeting And Vehicle Free Delivery, Esteban A. Orellana

Open Access Dissertations

New alternative therapies to treat cancer have emerged such as the use of small molecules that target key oncogenic drivers. For instance, clinically relevant tumor suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) that target key oncogenic drivers have been identified as potential therapeutics to treat cancer. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. It has been shown that aberrant miRNA expression, through misexpression of miRNA target genes, can have profound cellular effects leading to a variety of diseases, including cancer. While altered miRNA expression contributes to a cancerous state, restoration of miRNA expression has therapeutic benefits. For …

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A Measure Of Human-Integrated System Performance Under Time-Varying Circumstances, Nguyen-Vang-Phuc Nguyen May 2018

A Measure Of Human-Integrated System Performance Under Time-Varying Circumstances, Nguyen-Vang-Phuc Nguyen

Open Access Dissertations

There are many methods to evaluate a system from given options in discrete or fixed situations (‘circumstance’). However, most systems are operated under time-varying circumstances and it’s not known how to evaluate the best system design when the operator in that system moves between time varying circumstances. In this dissertation, an adaptability model has been formalized using symbolic notion, which is based on learning curve theory and the adaptability measures are proposed. In the first study (‘the demonstration study’), the measures proved that they could be calculated and the learning curves could be plotted in continuous varying-circumstances. In the second …

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Nanoparticles With High Drug Loading And Circulation Stability For Systemic Delivery Of Anticancer Drugs, Joonyoung Park May 2018

Nanoparticles With High Drug Loading And Circulation Stability For Systemic Delivery Of Anticancer Drugs, Joonyoung Park

Open Access Dissertations

Nanoparticles have been pursued as a promising strategy to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of systemic chemotherapy, but clinical translation of nanoparticle drug carriers has been slow. Several reasons account for the tedious progress. From the formulation perspective, drug loading efficiency and circulation stability remain to be improved: Low drug loading increases the amount of co-delivered carrier materials, imposing biological burdens to patients. Poor circulation stability compromises the pharmacokinetic benefits of nanoparticles. To develop nanoparticles with high drug loading efficiency and circulation stability, albumin-coated nanocrystal (“Abxtal”) formulation of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs was developed. Abxtal consists of drug nanocrystals and …

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Synthetically Guided Investigation Of Lanthanide And Actinide Redox And Bonding Properties, Scott A. Pattenaude May 2018

Synthetically Guided Investigation Of Lanthanide And Actinide Redox And Bonding Properties, Scott A. Pattenaude

Open Access Dissertations

The complex bonding and redox properties of actinide elements are much less understood compared to common main group and transition metal elements. This is likely the result of fewer chemical studies, due to the challenges of working with these radioactive elements. Nevertheless, understanding the chemical behavior of these elements, and how they differ from the lanthanide series, is crucial for nuclear materials processing and waste management. Along these lines, the first chapter discusses the interactions of an ONO-chelating redox-active ligand with uranium. Uranium derivatives of a dioxophenoxazine ligand, (DOPOq)2UO2, (DOPOsq)UI2(THF)2, (DOPOcat)UI(THF)2, and Cp*U(DOPOcat)(THF)2 (DOPO = 2,4,6,8-tetra-tert-butyl-1-oxo-1H-phenoxazin-9-olate), have been synthesized from …

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Human Rights Treaty Commitment And Compliance: A Machine Learning-Based Causal Inference Approach, Dan Sin Nguyen Vo May 2018

Human Rights Treaty Commitment And Compliance: A Machine Learning-Based Causal Inference Approach, Dan Sin Nguyen Vo

Open Access Dissertations

Why do states ratify international human rights treaties? How much do human rights treaties influence state behaviors directly and indirectly? Why are some human rights treaty monitoring procedures more effective than others? What are the most predictively and causally important factors that can reduce and prevent state repression and human rights violations? This dissertation provide answers to these keys causal questions in political science research, using a novel approach that combines machine learning and the structural causal model framework. The four research questions are arranged in a chronological order that refects the causal process relating to international human rights treaties, …

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Lightweight Programming Abstractions For Increased Safety And Performance, Leo Osvald May 2018

Lightweight Programming Abstractions For Increased Safety And Performance, Leo Osvald

Open Access Dissertations

In high-level programming languages, programmers do not need to worry about certain implementation details that compilers or interpreters do behind the scenes. However, this oftentimes results in some loss; in the former case, it is the inability to precisely communicate programmer’s intentions to a compiler that compromises safety, and in the latter case, it is the loss of performance because an interpreter needs to do extra work at runtime. Modern languages tend to address this problem differently, albeit rarely without serious limitations. In this dissertation, we develop lightweight programming abstractions whose implementation is practical in multi-paradigm high-level languages such as …

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Optical Signal Processing For Manipulating And Characterizing Time-Frequency Entangled Photons., Ogaga D. Odele May 2018

Optical Signal Processing For Manipulating And Characterizing Time-Frequency Entangled Photons., Ogaga D. Odele

Open Access Dissertations

Time-frequency entangled photons ("biphotons") exhibit joint spectral and temporal correlations that are unattainable with classical light. Besides being deployed for tests of quantum nonlocality, these photonic states are desirable for a unique range of applications that can significantly impact communications and computation. In this dissertation, we describe novel schemes based on spectral and temporal domain processing for manipulating and characterizing broadband biphotons. Implementing frequency-dependent filters, first, we present and demonstrate a technique for controlling the relative delay between a pair of entangled photons, relying on pump frequency tuning and the quantum concept of nonlocal dispersion cancellation. Next, we demonstrate near-field …

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Rational Design Of Pharmaceutical Salt Formulations By Understanding The Mechanism Of Disproportionation, Mitulkumar A. Patel May 2018

Rational Design Of Pharmaceutical Salt Formulations By Understanding The Mechanism Of Disproportionation, Mitulkumar A. Patel

Open Access Dissertations

Salt forms of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are commonly encountered in the pharmaceutical industry. About half of marketed pharmaceutical products contain the salt form of the API. Salt disproportionation, where the salt converts to the free form, is an important concern for pharmaceutical products containing the salt form of a drug. This is because conversion of the salt to the free form decreases the solubility and/or alters the reactivity, potentially resulting in a decrease in product quality. However, many of the factors dictating the tendency of a given salt to undergo disproportionation remain to be elucidated. In particular, the …

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Minimal Area Surfaces Corresponding To Wilson Loops In Gauge Theories, Changyu Huang May 2018

Minimal Area Surfaces Corresponding To Wilson Loops In Gauge Theories, Changyu Huang

Open Access Dissertations

In this dissertation, we study the properties of Wilson loops in strongly coupled gauge theories by using one of the most important results of the AdS/CFT correspondence, namely, that the expectation value of the Wilson loop operator is related to the area of the minimal area surface ending on the Wilson loop. In particular, we concentrate on the main example of AdS/CFT correspondence which is the duality between the N = 4 Super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in 4 dimensions and type IIB string theory in AdS5 × S5 space. In this case, the minimal area surfaces live in Anti de …

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Understanding The Molecular Mechanism Of Arsenic Tolerance And Accumulation In Pteris Vittata, Chao Cai May 2018

Understanding The Molecular Mechanism Of Arsenic Tolerance And Accumulation In Pteris Vittata, Chao Cai

Open Access Dissertations

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that is naturally occurring and widely distributed. The consumption of arsenic-contaminated food and water is threatening the health of millions of people in the world. The fern Pteris vittata is unusual in its ability to tolerate and hyperaccumulate exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic in its fronds. How P. vittata tolerates and accumulates arsenic is fundamentally different from that in angiosperms; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this trait in P. vittata is not well-defined. Because the haploid phase of the fern (the gametophyte) is morphologically simple, easy to grow and also tolerates and hyperaccumulates arsenic, the …

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Depth-Resolved Assessment Of Atherosclerosis By Intravascular Photoacoustic-Ultrasound Imaging, Ayeeshik Kole May 2018

Depth-Resolved Assessment Of Atherosclerosis By Intravascular Photoacoustic-Ultrasound Imaging, Ayeeshik Kole

Open Access Dissertations

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and the incidence is projected to increase by 18% by 2030. Yet, there remains a pressing clinical need for tools to detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that can rupture and lead to major adverse cardiac events. Plaques that are considered most vulnerable for rupture are thin-capped fibroatheromas, which are grossly defined by hallmarks of a thin fibrous cap, a large lipid-rich necrotic core, inflammatory infiltrate, and positive remodeling. These plaques are often structurally non-obstructive to moderately obstructive, thus asymptomatic and clinically unidentifiable with routine angiography and stress testing. …

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Computational Learning For Hand Pose Estimation, Chiho Choi May 2018

Computational Learning For Hand Pose Estimation, Chiho Choi

Open Access Dissertations

Rapid advances in human–computer interaction interfaces have been promising a realistic environment for gaming and entertainment in the last few years. However, the use of traditional input devices such as trackballs, keyboards, or joysticks has been a bottleneck for natural interactions between a human and computer as two points of freedom of these devices cannot suitably emulate the interactions in a three-dimensional space. Consequently, a comprehensive hand tracking technology is expected as a smart and intuitive option to these input tools to enhance virtual and augmented reality experiences. In addition, the recent emergence of low-cost depth sensing cameras has led …

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Computational Optimization Of Networks Of Dynamical Systems Under Uncertainties: Application To The Air Transportation System, Jun Chen May 2018

Computational Optimization Of Networks Of Dynamical Systems Under Uncertainties: Application To The Air Transportation System, Jun Chen

Open Access Dissertations

To efficiently balance traffic demand and capacity, optimization of air traffic management relies on accurate predictions of future capacities, which are inherently uncertain due to weather forecast. This dissertation presents a novel computational efficient approach to address the uncertainties in air traffic system by using chance constrained optimization model. First, a chance constrained model for a single airport ground holding problem is proposed with the concept of service level, which provides a event-oriented performance criterion for uncertainty. With the validated advantage on robust optimal planning under uncertainty, the chance constrained model is developed for joint planning for multiple related airports. …

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Development Of Tandem Mass Spectrometric Methods And Instrumentation For The Structural Elucidation Of Unknown Drug Metabolites Based On Ion/Molecule Reactions, John Yuk Kong May 2018

Development Of Tandem Mass Spectrometric Methods And Instrumentation For The Structural Elucidation Of Unknown Drug Metabolites Based On Ion/Molecule Reactions, John Yuk Kong

Open Access Dissertations

Mass spectrometry has proven to be an invaluable tool for the analysis of compounds in complex mixtures. High resolution mass spectrometry provides elemental compositions of compounds. Tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) utilizing collision-activated dissociation (CAD) or ion/molecule reactions has become a powerful technique for structural elucidation of unknown compounds. Further, the coupling of MSn with a separation technique, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enables the analysis of trace level analytes in complex mixtures. This dissertation focuses on the development of MSn methodologies and instrumentation for the structural elucidation of unknown compounds. While CAD is the most common MSn technique …

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When Perceptions Aren't Shared And Relationships Aren't Parallel: The Curious Case Of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (Fssb), Matthew B. Perrigino May 2018

When Perceptions Aren't Shared And Relationships Aren't Parallel: The Curious Case Of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors (Fssb), Matthew B. Perrigino

Open Access Dissertations

Perspectives which extend study of work-nonwork interface from the individual level of analysis to the workgroup level are dominated by homologous assumptions. These homologous assumptions are characterized by (a) shared perceptions within workgroups and (b) parallel relationships similar in direction and magnitude across levels. I return to the basics of multilevel theory to consider these assumptions more closely, specifically in the context of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). Across three chapters, I present the FSSB Separation Framework. Chapter 1 develops theory to explain not only why within-group variation (i.e., a separation in or relative lack of shared perceptions) regarding FSSB …

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Electrical, Thermoelectric, And Phase-Coherent Transport In Two-Dimensional Materials, Morteza Kayyalha May 2018

Electrical, Thermoelectric, And Phase-Coherent Transport In Two-Dimensional Materials, Morteza Kayyalha

Open Access Dissertations

Over the past few years there has been a growing interest in layered two dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and three dimensional topological insulators (TIs). In this thesis, we experimentally study electrical, thermoelectric, and phase coherent transport in these 2D materials and work on three main projects. First, we investigate the low frequency (f) flicker (also called 1/f) noise of single-layer graphene devices on h-BN along with those on SiO2/Si. We observe that the devices fabricated on h-BN have on average one order of magnitude lower noise amplitude compared with devices fabricated on SiO2/Si despite …

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Authoring Organizational Tensions Within The Roman Catholic Church: Women Religious Organize For Themselves, Jessica A. Pauly May 2018

Authoring Organizational Tensions Within The Roman Catholic Church: Women Religious Organize For Themselves, Jessica A. Pauly

Open Access Dissertations

For centuries women religious have faced an uncomfortable tension with the all-male hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church. This tension is underscored today by the Vatican’s 2008 assessment and subsequent investigation of women religious in the US. Considering this tension-filled context, this study is concerned with the ways in which women religious organize around, alongside, and in some cases against the Church while also supporting the same beliefs and values as the Church. Specifically, this study recognizes NETWORK Lobby for Catholic Social Justice as a unique organizational site operating at the intersection of religion, politics, and authority, and explores how …

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Understanding And Addressing Misconceptions In Introductory Programming: A Data-Driven Approach, Yizhou Qian May 2018

Understanding And Addressing Misconceptions In Introductory Programming: A Data-Driven Approach, Yizhou Qian

Open Access Dissertations

With the expansion of computer science (CS) education, CS teachers in K-12 schools should be cognizant of student misconceptions and be prepared to help students establish accurate understanding of computer science and programming. This exploratory design-based research (DBR) study implemented a data-driven approach to identify secondary school students’ misconceptions using both their compilation and test errors and provide targeted feedback to promote students’ conceptual change in introductory programming. Research subjects were two groups of high school students enrolled in two sections of a Java-based programming course in a 2017 summer residential program for gifted and talented students. This study consisted …

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Exact Solution Of The Dimer Model On The Square And Triangular Lattice, Dražen Petrovi¢ May 2018

Exact Solution Of The Dimer Model On The Square And Triangular Lattice, Dražen Petrovi¢

Open Access Dissertations

In this thesis we give an exact solution of the dimer model on the square and triangular lattice with different boundary conditions. Concretely, we being by discussing Kasteleyn’s contribution to the dimer model studies. We then prove the Pfaÿan Sign Theorem for the dimer model on a triangular lattice embedded in the torus. More specifcally, we prove that the Pfaffan of the Kasteleyn periodic-periodic matrix is negative, while the Pfaÿans of the Kasteleyn periodic-antiperiodic, antiperiodic-periodic, and antiperiodic-antiperiodic matrices are all positive. The proof is based on the Kasteleyn identities and on small weight expansions. Finally, we obtain the full asymptotic …

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Quantifying Carbon And Water Dynamics Of Terrestrial Ecosystems At High Temporal And Spatial Resolutions Using Process-Based Biogeochemistry Models And In Situ And Satellite Data, Yang Qu May 2018

Quantifying Carbon And Water Dynamics Of Terrestrial Ecosystems At High Temporal And Spatial Resolutions Using Process-Based Biogeochemistry Models And In Situ And Satellite Data, Yang Qu

Open Access Dissertations

To better understand the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon cycle and their feedbacks to the global climate system, process-based ecosystem models that are used for quantifying net carbon exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere need to be improved. My research objective is to improve the model from following aspects: 1) Improving parameterization and model structure for carbon and water dynamics, 2) improving regional model simulations at finer spatial resolutions (from 0.5 degree to 0.05 degree or finer), 3) developing faster spin-up algorithms, and 4) evaluating high performance model simulations using fast spin-up technique deployed on …

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An Investigation Of Micro-Surface Shaping On The Piston/Cylinder Interface Of Axial Piston Machines, Ashley Busquets May 2018

An Investigation Of Micro-Surface Shaping On The Piston/Cylinder Interface Of Axial Piston Machines, Ashley Busquets

Open Access Dissertations

Presently, axial piston machines of the swash plate type are commonly used in industry due to their many benefits. However, with recent technological advancements in hydraulic hybrid powertrains and displacement-controlled actuation, the application of such machines has been broadened demanding a more cost-effective reliable and efficient, yet versatile machine. The fluid film geometry of the lubricating interfaces is a very complex and sensitive phenomena that must simultaneously fulfill a competing bearing and sealing function. Therefore, the design process of such machines is a difficult process while tightly constrained manufacturing tolerances are essential thereby increasing the initial production costs. Accordingly, virtual …

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Morphological Changes Of Neuronal Growth Cones By Intracellular Signaling And Cell Culture Conditions, Yuan Ren May 2018

Morphological Changes Of Neuronal Growth Cones By Intracellular Signaling And Cell Culture Conditions, Yuan Ren

Open Access Dissertations

Proper wiring of neurons is key to the functionality of nervous system. This is achieved by a highly motile structure referred to as the neuronal growth cone located at the tip of axons and dendrites during both development and regeneration. The morphology of growth cone is a product of both intracellular signaling pathways and extracellular factors, and is closely linked with neuronal outgrowth. Studies of how growth cone morphology is changed by key regulatory proteins and by cell culture conditions are therefore important in elucidating the mechanisms of neurite regeneration. In the first part of this thesis, we identified a …

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Calderón's Musical Message: The Importance Of The Auditory Over The Visual, Laura Ramiro Moreno May 2018

Calderón's Musical Message: The Importance Of The Auditory Over The Visual, Laura Ramiro Moreno

Open Access Dissertations

Calderón de la Barca, a highly philosophical and religious playwright, focused the final part of his career on experimenting with musical court theater. My dissertation explains the motivation behind Calderón’s implementation of music in his theatrical productions and the situation that led him to create the new dramatic genre of zarzuela. This project analyzes the evolution of early modern musical theater in Spain by observing musical elements that are reflected in the text and related to characters and themes in the plays. A reflection on musical conventions in European theater, through the use of cognitive theories, studies on music and …

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Communicating The Importance Of Careers: Gainful Employment, Organizational Discourse, And The Role Of Higher Education, Shelly L. Robinson May 2018

Communicating The Importance Of Careers: Gainful Employment, Organizational Discourse, And The Role Of Higher Education, Shelly L. Robinson

Open Access Dissertations

This research examines student understandings of the relationships between higher education and career since the implementation of the Gainful Employment Rule. The Gainful Employment Rule states that education and training programs lead to degrees or prepare students for "gainful employment” in an occupation (USDOE, 2014). Policymakers during President Obama’s administration sought to provide better oversight with increased accountability for low performing colleges and universities and enhance transparency related to the student loan debt crisis by implementing protections for students as consumers of education. These guidelines initially were designed moreso for community colleges and proprietary institutions of higher education but the …

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Mechanism Of Adipose Tissue Specific Response To Heat Stress In Pigs., Huan Qu May 2018

Mechanism Of Adipose Tissue Specific Response To Heat Stress In Pigs., Huan Qu

Open Access Dissertations

Heat stress (HS) is a major problem facing the swine industry all over the world, especially during the hot summer months. The two major reasons pigs are highly susceptible to elevated ambient temperature are that they have substantial subcutaneous fat layer that serves as a barrier against effective heat dissipation and their lack of functional sweat glands on their skin surface for evaporative heat loss. Paradoxically, HS results in increased fat deposition in pigs. However, the fundamental causes of the increased adiposity during HS are unknown. Therefore, we conducted several in vivo and in vitro experiments to elucidate the precise …

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Evaluating The Effect Ofsnap-Ed On Household Food Securitystatus And Dietary Intake Of Snap-Ed-Eligible Participants In Indiana., Rebecca Lynn-Anne Rivera May 2018

Evaluating The Effect Ofsnap-Ed On Household Food Securitystatus And Dietary Intake Of Snap-Ed-Eligible Participants In Indiana., Rebecca Lynn-Anne Rivera

Open Access Dissertations

High prevalence of food insecurity and poor diet quality characterize the US low-income population qualifyingfor the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) when compared with higher income populations. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) is a federal nutrition education program available at no cost to the income-eligible population with the goal to improve diet qualitybypromoting adherence to the DietaryGuidelines for Americans (DGA) through nutrition education while also supporting the goal of SNAP to improve food security. Limited evidence suggests that SNAP-Ed improves diet-related outcomes such as food security, intake of fruits and vegetables, and other targeted positive health behaviors over short-term …

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Postfledging Habitat Associations Of Mature Forest Birds With Early Successional Habitat In South-Central Indiana, Patrick J. Ruhl May 2018

Postfledging Habitat Associations Of Mature Forest Birds With Early Successional Habitat In South-Central Indiana, Patrick J. Ruhl

Open Access Dissertations

In comparison to the nesting ecology of North American breeding birds, the postfledging period which occurs between nesting and fall migration is a poorly understood stage of avian life history. The postfledging period represents a critical stage for fledgling survival and nutrient acquisition for both fledglings and adults undergoing pre-basic molt preceding fall migration. During this time, many birds use habitat types that differ from their natal habitat; however, the specific factors driving postfledging habitat associations and foraging preferences remain unclear because birds are more cryptic, singing and moving less frequently in the postfledging period. Some birds that require mature …

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