Digital Commons Network^™

Visual Category Learning By Means Of Basal Ganglia, Fred H. Hamker, Francesc Villagrasa, Javier Baladron, Henning Schroll, Julien Vitay

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Why Latent Representations In Convolutional Neural Networks Fall Outside Visual Space, Katerina Malakhova

MODVIS Workshop

It is common to compare properties of visual information processing by artificial neural networks and the primate visual system.

Some remarkable similarities were observed in the responses of neurons in IT cortex and units in higher layers of CNNs. Here I show that latent representations formed by weights in convolutional layers do not necessarily reflect visual domain. Instead they are strongly dependent on a choice of training set and cost function.

The most striking example is when an individual unit, which is highly selective to some members of a category is, nevertheless, inhibited by visually similar objects of the same …

Appropriate Kernels For Divisive Normalization Explained By Wilson-Cowan Equations, Jesus Malo, Marcelo Bertalmio

MODVIS Workshop

Cascades of standard Linear+NonLinear-Divisive Normalization transforms [Carandini&Heeger12] can be easily fitted using the appropriate formulation introduced in [Martinez17a] to reproduce the perception of image distortion in naturalistic environments. However, consistently with [Rust&Movshon05], training the model in naturalistic environments does not guarantee the prediction of well known phenomena illustrated by artificial stimuli. For example, the cascade of Divisive Normalizations fitted with image quality databases has to be modified to include a variety aspects of masking of simple patterns. Specifically, the standard Gaussian kernels of [Watson&Solomon97] have to be augmented with extra weights [Martinez17b]. These can be introduced ad-hoc using the intuition …

Divisive Inhibition As A Solution To The Correspondence Problem In Perceptual Grouping, Chien-Chung Chen, Yi-Shiuan Lin, Li Lin

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Model Investigation On Contribution Of Feedback In Distortion Induced Motion Adaptation, Siegfried Wahl, Selam Habtegiorgis, Christian Jarvers, Katharina Rifai, Heiko Neumann

MODVIS Workshop

Motion information is processed in a neural circuit formed by synaptic organization of feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) connections between different cortical areas. However, the contribution of a recurrent FB information to adaptation process is not well explored. Here, a biologically plausible neural model that predicts motion adaptation aftereffect (MAE) induced by exposure to geometrically skewed natural image sequences is suggested. The model constitutes two stage recurrent motion processing within cortical areas V1 and MT [1]. It comprises FF excitatory, FB modulatory and lateral inhibitory connections, and a fast and a slow adaptive synapse in the FF and FB streams, …

A Model Of 1d And 2d Motion Processing In The Primate Brain, Alan Johnston

MODVIS Workshop

Velocity encoding in the primate brain can be modelled by a spatiotemporal gradient approach, with neurons characterized as spatio-temporal derivative operators (Johnston et al. 1999). This strategy works well for moving 1D spatial patterns, but it can produce systematic errors, as it can be overly influenced by the direction of the local spatial gradient of the image brightness. For 2D pattern it is possible to develop a similar spatio-temporal approach, in which the system solves a set of over-determined linear equations directly, to provide an estimate for the 2D image motion. However, in this case the matrix one needs to …

Modeling Emmetropization In An Incessantly Moving Eye, Michele Rucci, Jonathan D. Victor

MODVIS Workshop

Many questions remain unanswered regarding the specific cues and mechanisms for emmetropization, the process by which, during development, the eye adjusts itself so that distant objects are in focus. Research has so far primarily focused on the spatial cues present in the image on the retina, such as the degree of blur. However, eye movements incessantly transform a mostly static scene into temporal modulations, so that the input to the retina is not an image, but a spatiotemporal flow of luminance. Models of retinal input signals indicate that this space-time reformatting caused by eye movements yields additional cues to the …

An Active Efficient Coding Model Of The Development Of Amblyopia, Samuel Eckmann, Lukas Klimmasch, Bertram Shi, Jochen Triesch

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Consistent Saliency Benchmarking: How One Model Can Win On All Metrics, Matthias Kümmerer, Thomas S.A. Wallis, Matthias Bethge

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Predicting The Fixation Density Over Time, Heiko H. Schütt, Lars O. M. Rothkegel, Hans A. Trukenbrod, Ralf Engbert, Felix A. Wichmann

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Discovery Of Activities Via Statistical Clustering Of Fixation Patterns, Jeffrey B. Mulligan

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

The Year In C-Span Archives Research: Volume 4, Robert X. Browning

The Year in C-SPAN Archives Research

C-SPAN is the network of record for US political affairs, broadcasting live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated, and decided––without editing, commentary, or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view.

The C-SPAN Archives, located adjacent to Purdue University, is the home of the online C-SPAN Video Library. The Archives has copied all of C-SPAN's television content since 1987. Extensive indexing, captioning, and other enhanced online features provide researchers, policy analysts, students, teachers, and public officials with an unparalleled chronological and internally cross-referenced record …

Indiana's Future Forests: A Report From The Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment, Richard Phillips, Songlin Fei, Leslie Brandt, P. David Polly, Patrick A. Zollner, Michael Saunders, Keith Clay, Louis Iverson, Melissa Widhalm, Jeffrey Dukes

Forest Reports

Over the next century, rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns across the Midwest will likely have profound consequences for Indiana’s forests. Such changes include shifts in the distributions and abundances of trees, understory plants and wildlife, as well as changes to the environmental, economic and cultural benefits these forests provide. This report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment (IN CCIA) examines the direct and indirect impacts that climate change is expected to have on Indiana’s forests. The report specifically addresses forest regeneration, forest composition, tree growth and harvest, wildlife habitat and forest products.

Maintaining Indiana's Urban Green Spaces: A Report From The Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment, Heather Reynolds, Leslie Brandt, Melissa Widhalm, Songlin Fei, Burnell Fischer, Brady Hardiman, Donovan Moxley, Eric Sandweiss, James Speer, Jeffrey Dukes

Urban Green Spaces Reports

Cities use green infrastructure, including forests, community gardens, lawns and prairies, to improve the quality of life for residents, promote sustainability and mitigate the effects of climate change. These and other kinds of green spaces can decrease energy consumption, increase carbon storage and improve water quality, among other benefits.

More than 70 percent of Hoosiers reside in urban settings, and green infrastructure can provide significant economic advantages. In Indianapolis, for example, urban forests provide a $10 million annual benefit through stormwater control, carbon sequestration, energy reduction and air pollution filtration.

However, just like human-built infrastructure, urban green infrastructure will be …

Tinkering With Logo In An Elementary Mathematics Methods Course, Keri Duncan Valentine

Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning

With an increased push to integrate coding and computational literacy in K–12 learning environments, teacher educators will need to consider ways they might support preservice teachers (PSTs). This paper details a tinkering approach used to engage PSTs in thinking computationally as they worked with geometric concepts they will be expected to teach in K–5. Experiences programming in Logo to construct authentic artifacts in the form of two-dimensional geometric graphics not only supported PSTs’ understanding of core geometric and spatial concepts, but also helped them to make connections between mathematics and computational literacy. Artifacts and discourse are discussed as they relate …

Ascertaining The Impact Of P–12 Engineering Education Initiatives: Student Impact Through Teacher Impact, Marissa H. Forbes, Jacquelyn F. Sullivan, Denise W. Carlson

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

The widespread need to address both science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education and STEM workforce development is persistent. Underscored by the Next Generation Science Standards, demand is high for P–12 engineering-centered curricula. TeachEngineering is a free, standards-aligned NSF-funded digital library of more than 1,500 hands-on, design-rich K–12 engineering lessons and activities. Beyond anonymous site-user counts, the impact of the TeachEngineering collection and outreach initiatives on the education of children and their teachers was previously unknown. Thus, the project team wrestled with the question of how to meaningfully ascertain classroom impacts of the digital engineering education library and—more broadly—how to …

How To Shape Attitudes Toward Stem Careers: The Search For The Most Impactful Extracurricular Clubs, Fethiye Ozis, Ali Osman Pektas, Mustafa Akca, Daniel’Le April Devoss

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

It is well known that strong extracurricular STEM programs provide multiple arenas for students to expand on classroom curriculum, complementing STEM skills with creative thinking and open-ended problem solving. It has been shown that there is a relationship between the number of STEM clubs students participated in and their choice of STEM major (Sahin, 2013). Considering financial problems, including budget cuts, it gets really challenging for schools to provide a plethora of clubs. For this reason, it would be very beneficial for K–12 schools to know if certain clubs are more effective in changing attitudes toward STEM majors, and therefore …

‘‘Lend A Hand’’ Project Helps Students: Improved Spatial Visualization Skills Through Engaging In Hands-On 3-D Printed Prosthetics Project During A 9th Grade Engineering Course, Shaunna Smith, Kimberly Talley

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Research shows that high spatial ability is linked to success and persistence in STEM. Empirical investigations often report a gender gap in favor of male students. The purpose of this research study was to assess changes to 9th grade engineering students’ spatial visualization skills through engagement in a nine-week collaborative 3-D printed prosthetics project embedded within their existing ‘‘Beginning Concepts of Engineering’’ course curriculum. Using concurrent mixed methods, this study examined pre-/post-test scores on the Revised Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations (Revised PSVT:R) in connection with gender, course grades, and level of involvement in the project. Both male and female …

Teamwork Makes The Dream Work: Purdue's Impact Course Transformation Faculty Learning Community, Karen Neubauer, Wanju Huang, Rachel Fundator, Hua Cai, Nicole Hands, Mark Zimpfer, Xiumin Diao, Jason B. Reed

IMPACT Presentations

Describes the collaborative faculty learning community established within a specific IMPACT team from the Spring 2017 Cohort. Describes the IMPACT course redesign program and experiences of the individual faculty fellows working within the team to redesign their courses.

Institutionalization Of Quality Management Systems In The Central Registry Of The Central Drug Control Laboratory, National Agency For Food And Drugs Administration And Control, Nigeria, Abigail Ekeigwe, Kari Clase Prof., Stephen Byrn

BIRS Symposium

No abstract provided.

Separation Of Closely-Spaced Acoustics Sources In An Under-Determined System With Convex Optimization, Tongyang Shi, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

The ability to identify acoustical source locations accurately is critical when performing sound field reconstructions. In previous work, a monopole-based, iterative equivalent source method, wideband acoustical holography, has proven able to provide accurate noise source location in complex machines even when the number of measurements was far smaller than the number of parameters that needed to be determined in the model (see: Tongyang Shi, Yangfan Liu and J. Stuart Bolton, “Diesel engine noise source visualization with wideband acoustical holography,” SAE paper 2017-01-1874). However, at some stage, when acoustical sources are too closely spaced, the current algorithm has difficulty in separating …

Measuring And Analyzing Agility Of An Enterprise Through Dmaic Six Sigma, Chad Laux, Gaganpreet Singh Hundal

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

Assessment of organizational Agility creates a problem due to inexact boundaries by which Agility is defined, and the variation depending on type of enterprise. This paper proposes how Six Sigma DMAIC approach may be utilized to address this gap. The agility assessment framework curve developed for information development systems used in this research has synergies with DMAIC phases of Six Sigma. This logic forms the basis of forming metrics to measure and analyze agility of an enterprise through DMAIC Six Sigma.

Agile Six Sigma – A Descriptive Approach, Panteha Alipour, Chad Laux, David Hoffa, Lonnie Bentley

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

Organizations are more dynamic, competitive and uncertain than in the past; therefore, they must be highly flexible in order to provide an agile condition for responsiveness to customer changes. This paper aims to explain how being Agile can improve the Six-Sigma methodology and explore how Agile and Lean Six Sigma (LSS) principles work together. We will outline the benefits of their relation with each other.

Gaps Between Industry Needs And Lean Six Sigma In Higher Education, Jing Lu, Chad Laux, Elizabeth Cudney, Margaret Phillips

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the current gaps between industry needs and higher education on Lean Six Sigma (LSS) from the published literature. Industry exhibits constant changes in workforce and practitioner needs of professionals, making the development and management of educational pathways difficult. This research focuses on identifying if current LSS curriculum in higher education prepares students adequately, based upon specific industry current and more importantly, emerging needs.

The Application Of Lean Six-Sigma In Food Security And Food Safety: A Lss Strategy For Small Holder Farmers, Chad Laux, Rohit Sabharwal

Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study is to urge smallholder farmers and regional food production companies of developing nations, with particular focus on SHF’s to increase their food production by switching to LSS (Lean Six Sigma) tools to ensure optimal production, improved storage and handling of food quality.

Fibrous Material Microstructure Design For Optimal Structural Damping, Yutong Xue, J Stuart Bolton

Publications of the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories

It is shown here that properly designed fibrous media (e.g., glass or polymeric fibers) can be used to damp structural vibration as well as to absorb sound. The materials can then be multi-functional, reducing the number of elements required to achieve a specified level of noise and vibration performance. Past work demonstrated that layers of fibrous media placed on panels can damp the panel motion by removing energy from the nearfield acoustical motion generated by the panel vibration. The current study focused on designing the fibrous medium to ensure optimal vibration damping in a particular application. First, a method of …

The Value And Feasibility Of Farming Differently Than The Local Average, Cooper Morris, Kevin Dhuyvetter, Elizabeth A. Yeager, Greg Regier

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

The purpose of this research is to quantify the value of being different than the local average and feasibility of distinguishing particular parts of an operation from the local average. Kansas crop farms are broken down by their farm characteristics, production practices, and management performances. An ordinary least squares regression model is used to quantify the value of having different than average characteristics, practices, and management performances. The degree farms have distinguished particular parts of their operations from the average, and how consistently they distinguish their cost, yields, and prices from the average are also analyzed. Farms’ relative size, workers …

Economic Impact Of Beef Cattle Best Management Practices In South Texas: Stocking Strategies During Drought, Alan M. Young, Megan K. Clayton, Joe C. Paschal, Steven L. Klose

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

In a drought situation, forage is normally reduced due to lack of adequate moisture. Moreover, the availability of hay may become limited, and hay prices often escalate. Cow-calf producers are faced with the integral decision to maintain their herds and supplemental feed or reduce the herd to minimize feeding requirements and costs. The management decision to maintain versus destock can significantly impact producer profits and financial position. This paper illustrates the financial implications of alternative management stocking strategies in a drought situation optimizing profitability of ranching operations.

Beer To Stay: Brewed Culture, Ethnicity, And The Market Revolution, Brian Alberts

Open Access Dissertations

This dissertation traces the brewing industry’s development in Chicago and Cincinnati to examine how German immigrant participation, both as producers and consumers, helped their respective communities negotiate the economic and ethnic terms of American citizenship. Between 1840 and 1880, lager beer in the United States became a transnationally-constructed immigrant product with significant ethnocultural implications for German brewers and drinkers. Serving as both a cultural handhold connecting immigrants to their European roots as well as a means of economic engagement within a transitioning American economic landscape, beer became an immediate and distinctive feature of coalescing ethnic neighborhoods in urban centers throughout …

A Trust Management Framework For Decision Support Systems, Yefeng Ruan

Open Access Dissertations

In the era of information explosion, it is critical to develop a framework which can extract useful information and help people to make “educated” decisions. In our lives, whether we are aware of it, trust has turned out to be very helpful for us to make decisions. At the same time, cognitive trust, especially in large systems, such as Facebook, Twitter, and so on, needs support from computer systems. Therefore, we need a framework that can effectively, but also intuitively, let people express their trust, and enable the system to automatically and securely summarize the massive amounts of trust information, …