Digital Commons Network^™

Large-Scale Google Street View Images For Urban Change Detection, Fangzheng Lyu, Xinlin Ma, Yan Song, Eric Zhu, Shaowen Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

Urbanization has entered a new phase characterized by urban changes occurring at a micro-scale and “under the roof”, as opposed to external modifications. These changes, known as urban retrofitting, involve the incorporation of novel technologies or features into pre-existing systems to promote sustainability. Given the limitations of remote sensing images in identifying such urban changes, novel tools need to be developed for detecting urban retrofitting. In this study, we first build a pipeline to collect large-scale time-series urban street view images from Google Street View in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. And we examine the feasibility of utilizing the acquired dataset …

Graph Transformer Network For Flood Forecasting With Heterogeneous Covariates, Jimeng Shi, Vitalii Stebliankin, Zhaonan Wang, Shaowen Wang, Giri Narasimhan

I-GUIDE Forum

Floods can be very destructive causing heavy damage to life, property, and livelihoods. Global climate change and the consequent sea-level rise have increased the occurrence of extreme weather events, resulting in elevated and frequent flood risk. Therefore, accurate and timely flood forecasting in coastal river systems is critical to facilitate good flood management. However, the computational tools currently used are either slow or inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a Flood prediction tool using Graph Transformer Network (FloodGTN) for river systems. More specifically, FloodGTN learns the spatio-temporal dependencies of water levels at different monitoring stations using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) …

How To Treat Alzheimer’S Disease By Boosting Glymphatic Flow: Simulations In A New Computational Model, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

This study exercises a new mathematical model to search for unappreciated therapeutic targets in Alzheimer’s disease. The model describes detailed mechanisms underlying the glymphatic pump mechanism, which removes toxic proteins of Alzheimer’s disease from the interstitial fluid of the brain. It shows that the glymphatic pump is driven by the amplitude of intracranial pressure pulsations in the subarachnoid space, which are correlated with the arterial pulse and modulated by many other factors. Implementing ways to increase intracranial pressure pulses quickly comes to mind as a potential treatment strategy. Specific interventions include drugs that increase arterial pulse volume and small devices …

Cross-Scale Urban Land Cover Mapping: Empowering Classification Through Transfer Learning And Deep Learning Integration, Zhe Wang, Chao Fan, Xian Min, Shoukun Sun, Xiaogang Ma, Xiang Que

I-GUIDE Forum

Urban land cover mapping is essential for effective urban planning and resource management. Thanks to its ability to extract intricate features from urban datasets, deep learning has emerged as a powerful technique for urban classification. The U-net architecture has achieved state-of-the-art land cover classification performance, highlighting its potential for mapping urban trees at different spatial scales. However, deep learning approaches often require large, labeled datasets, which are challenging to acquire for specific urban contexts. Transfer learning addresses this limitation by leveraging pre-trained deep learning models on extensive datasets and adapting them to smaller urban datasets with limited labeled samples. Transfer …

An Agent-Based Modeling Approach To Spatial Accessibility, Alexander C. Michels, Shaowen Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

Place-based spatial accessibility represents the ability of populations within geographic units to access goods and services, and thus is an important indicator for sustainable development. Existing spatial accessibility models treat population as simply demand, calculating statistics or optimizing average cost for the population within each geographic unit, rather than modeling individual decisions. This paper proposes AgentAccess, a general-purpose Agent-Based Model (ABM) for spatial accessibility analysis. An ABM framework brings us closer to reality by simulating individual and imperfect decision-making. We introduce the model and compare its results against existing spatial accessibility models using a case study of hospital beds in …

Solving Geospatial Problems Under Extreme Time Constraints: A Call For Inclusive Geocomputational Education, Coline C. Dony

I-GUIDE Forum

To prepare our next generation to face geospatial problems that have extreme time constraints (e.g., disasters, climate change) we need to create educational pathways that help students develop their geocomputational thinking skills. First, educators are central in helping us create those pathways, therefore, we need to clearly convey to them why and in which contexts this thinking is necessary. For that purpose, a new definition for geocomputational thinking is suggested that makes it clear that this thinking is needed for geospatial problems that have extreme time constraints. Secondly, we can not further burden educators with more demands, rather we should …

Curriculum Design Of Artificial Intelligence And Sustainability In Secondary School, Jinyi Cai, Mei-Po Kwan, Chunyu Hou, Dong Liu, Yeung Yam

I-GUIDE Forum

Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing numerous sectors with its transformative power, while at the same time, there is an increasing sense of urgency to address sustainability challenges. Despite the significance of both areas, secondary school curriculums still lack comprehensive integration of AI and sustainability education. This paper presents a curriculum designed to bridge this gap. The curriculum integrates progressive objectives, computational thinking competencies and system thinking components across five modules—awareness, knowledge, interaction, empowerment and ethics—to cater to varying learner levels. System thinking components help students understand sustainability in a holistic manner. Computational thinking competencies aim to cultivate computational thinkers to guide …

Simple-G In The Classroom And The Cloud, Elizabeth A. Fraysse, Thomas W. Hertel, Zhan Wang, Iman Haqiqi

I-GUIDE Forum

SIMPLE-G serves as a significant tool for researchers to address sustainability challenges, serving as a Convergence Catalyst for issues related to the global-local-global connections affecting land, water, and food security. This paper explores the pedagogical path of SIMPLE-G in the classroom setting, highlighting its key benefits in interdisciplinary education. Furthermore, we explore the future development of SIMPLE-G for facilitating collaborations between economists and other disciplines as well as increasing accessibility to users through cloud computing.

A Spatiotemporal Synthesis Of High-Resolution Salinity Data With Aquaculture Applications, Dong Liang, Jeremy M. Testa, Cassie Gurbisz, Lora A. Harris

I-GUIDE Forum

Technological advancement and the desire to better monitor shallow habitats in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, United States led to the initiation of several high-resolution monitoring programs such as ConMon (short for “Continuous Monitoring”) measuring oxygen, salinity, and chlorophyll-a at a 15-minute frequency. These monitoring efforts have yielded an enormous volume of data and insight into the condition of the tidal water of the Bay. But this information is underutilized in documenting the fine-scale variability of water quality, which is critical in identifying the link between water quality and ecological responses, partly due to the challenges in integrating monitoring data collected …

Reducing Uncertainty In Sea-Level Rise Prediction: A Spatial-Variability-Aware Approach, Subhankar Ghosh, Shuai An, Arun Sharma, Jayant Gupta, Shashi Shekhar, Aneesh Subramanian

I-GUIDE Forum

Given multi-model ensemble climate projections, the goal is to accurately and reliably predict future sea-level rise while lowering the uncertainty. This problem is important because sea-level rise affects millions of people in coastal communities and beyond due to climate change's impacts on polar ice sheets and the ocean. This problem is challenging due to spatial variability and unknowns such as possible tipping points (e.g., collapse of Greenland or West Antarctic ice-shelf), climate feedback loops (e.g., clouds, permafrost thawing), future policy decisions, and human actions. Most existing climate modeling approaches use the same set of weights globally, during either regression or …

Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among A National Sample Of U.S. Adults, Ivan D. Mendoza, Jorge A. Banda, Zachary Giano, Randolph D. Hubach

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Few studies have examined the role adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have on specific diet patterns. This study assessed the association between ACEs and daily fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). Data were derived from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) which surveys 50 states and three U.S. territories. Participants who completed the ACEs module were included in the analyses (N = 106,967). Total ACEs included the summed responses from the domains of abuse, household challenges, and neglect. FVI was reported by number of times consumed per day. The two fruit items included fruit (fresh, frozen, and canned) and fruit …

Student Preferences For Reference Services At A Remote Biological Station Library, Thom Gerrish, Scott Martin

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

During the 2020 and 2021 summer semesters, the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) transitioned to hybrid classes that were primarily distance learning with two-week inperson sections. The library offered both synchronous and asynchronous reference assistance over the summer term. An analysis showed that students favored using the UMBS LibGuide over synchronous virtual reference help via Zoom. Students further preferred face-to-face interactions over virtual formats, and their preference for LibGuide assistance may carry into the post- COVID-19 classroom. This finding suggests that students prioritize convenience and immediacy over personalized assistance in the Zoom platform. Thus, in providing reference assistance to …

Applications Of Generative Ai Technologies As A Simulator In Cybersecurity, Young B. Choi

KAUPA Letters

As AI technologies continue to be applied in various domains, their application in education is becoming a globally significant issue. This paper aims to explore the implementation of Generative AI technologies as a simulator in teaching and learning within the on campus and online classroom settings with Cybersecurity example scenarios.

Molecular Basis Of Manufacturing, Stephen Byrn, Kari Clase

The Proceedings of the BIRS Community

This paper describes the Biotechnology Innovation and Regulatory Science course named The Molecular Basis of Manufacturing. This course covers drug manufacture including excipients, basic formulation, basic DOE analysis, and analysis of the final drug product (typically tablets or capsules). Molecular interpretation of formulations is discussed. The modules in the course are described as well as other course materials including quizzes and discussion questions. This paper will assist with the development of course in this area throughout the entire world.

Early Childhood Education Language Environments: Considerations For Research And Practice, Jennifer Finders, Ella Wilson, Robert Duncan

Department of Human Development and Family Sciences Faculty Publications

The importance of developing early language and literacy skills is acknowledged by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a global human rights issue. Indeed, research suggests that language abilities are foundational for a host of cognitive, behavioral, and social–emotional outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to provide experiences that foster language acquisition across early learning settings. Central to these efforts is incorporating assessments of language environments into research and practice to drive quality improvement. Yet, several barriers may be preventing language environment assessments from becoming widely integrated into early education. In this brief, we review evidence on …

Hmoob Eldership As Pedagogy: Reclaiming Hmoob Knowledge As Hmoob Education, Thong Vang

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

For centuries non-HMoob people and scholars have sought to label and define who HMoob people are, but this paper reclaims and repositions HMoob people as agentic and reinforces our people’s power to define themselves as we have for centuries. This paper also addresses problematic discourse about HMoob people and HMoob education, such as “peb HMoob tsis muaj kev kawm”1 or “peb tsis muaj kev txawj hab kev ntse le lwm paab lwm pawg.”2 Departing from such deficit discourse, this paper explores HMoob eldership as pedagogy as one way that HMoob people have valid knowledge systems. HMoob eldership as pedagogy examines …

Hmong Narratives As Testimony, Pa N. Vue

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

Refugees are often depicted in studies and popular media as helpless and in need of rescuing. In the song “Hmoob Zaj,” which was released on YouTube in 2019, Hmong rapper Shong Lee humanizes Hmong refugee experiences by sharing a story that has been “secreted” (M. Vang, 2021, p. 10) by the U.S. government. Through the public archiving of this story on YouTube, Lee presents what Espiritu (2014) calls an “oppositional narrative” (p. 163) that speaks back to the empire. He asserts a critical stance to challenge the dominant narrative, validate the experiential knowledge of Hmong people, contribute to Hmong collective …

A New Empirical Law For The Prediction Of The Zero-Lift Pitching Moment Coefficient Of Swept And Tapered Wings, Mondher Yahyaoui

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

A new empirical law for the prediction of the zero-lift pitching moment coefficient of trapezoidal wings with linear twist and constant taper and sweep in subsonic flow is introduced. This law is quite general in that it does not rely on the use of charts and spans the normal range of values of taper ratio, aspect ratio, and sweep for subsonic aircraft. It does not, however, accommodate different airfoils along the wingspan and only positive sweep has been considered. The empirical law was first derived for the incompressible regime and then an additional empirical law for the compressibility effect has …

Spin-Acoustic Control Of Silicon Vacancies In 4h Silicon Carbide, Jonathan R. Dietz, Boyang Jiang, Aaron M. Day, Sunil A. Bhave, Evelyn L. Hu

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Bulk acoustic resonators can be fabricated on the same substrate as other components and can operate at various frequencies with high quality factors. Mechanical dynamic metrology of these devices is challenging as the surface information available through laser Doppler vibrometry lacks information about the acoustic energy stored in the bulk of the resonator. Here we report the spin-acoustic control of naturally occurring negatively charged silicon monovacancies in a lateral overtone bulk acoustic resonator that is based on 4H silicon carbide. We show that acoustic driving can be used at room temperature to induce coherent population oscillations. Spin-acoustic resonance is shown …

Connecting With The Outside World: Psychosocially Supportive Aspects Of Operational Communication Between Isolated Crews In Space And Mission Control On The Ground, Dennis J. Frederiksen

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

Radio-based communication between crew members in space and mission control centers on the ground has the operational purpose of supporting the safe and effective execution of missions in space. Space-to-ground communication also, however, constitutes one of the relatively few interpersonal relationships astronauts have during missions and in addition to its operational purpose, this communication can support astronauts’ wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to identify psychosocially supportive aspects of operational space-to-ground communication between astronauts in space and spacecraft communicators on the ground. Through qualitative analysis of authentic mission communication, this paper identifies two supportive aspects and develops a terminology …

Teaching And Collecting Technical Standards: A Handbook For Librarians And Educators, Chelsea Leachman, Erin M. Rowley, Margaret Phillips, Daniela Solomon

Purdue Information Literacy Handbooks

Technical standards are a vital source of information for providing guidelines during the design, manufacture, testing, and use of whole products, materials, and components. To prepare students—especially engineering students—for the workforce, universities are increasing the use of standards within the curriculum. Employers believe it is important for recent university graduates to be familiar with standards. Despite the critical role standards play within academia and the workforce, little information is available on the development of standards information literacy, which includes the ability to understand the standardization process; identify types of standards; and locate, evaluate, and use standards effectively.

Libraries and librarians …

Observation Of Self-Patterned Defect Formation In Atomic Superfluids–From Ring Dark Solitons To Vortex Dipole Necklaces, Hikaru Tamura, Cheng-An Chen, Chen-Lung Hung

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Unveiling nonequilibrium dynamics of solitonic and topological defect structures in a multidimensional nonlinear medium is a current frontier across diverse fields. One of the quintessential objects is a ring dark soliton (RDS), whose dynamics are expected to display remarkable interplay between symmetry and self-patterned topological defect formation from a transverse (snake) instability, but it has thus far evaded full experimental observations. Here, we report an experimental realization of RDS generation in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid trapped in a circular box. By quenching the confining box potential, we observe an RDS emitted from the edge and its peculiar signature in the …

Service Dogs: A Scoping Review Of Interdisciplinary Research, K. Lynn Pierce, Nancy A. Dreschel

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Despite a long history of service dogs (SDs) being paired with human partners as a systematic intervention and increasing numbers of and roles for SDs, there remains a lack of empirical knowledge and professional guidance regarding the implementation of SDs into treatment plans for individuals with disabilities. The purpose of this scoping review was to review the peer-reviewed literature specific to SDs and their handlers, to identify successful search term strategies, and to determine in what disciplines research is being conducted. Terminology used in referring to service dogs continues to be a challenge. Through a series of preliminary searches, search …

Optimization Of Extreme Ultra-Violet Light Emitted From The Co2 Laser-Irradiated Tin Plasmas Using 2d Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations, Atsushi Sunahara, Ahmed Hassanein, Kentaro Tomita, Shinichi Namba, Takeshi Higashiguchi

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

We studied Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) emission characteristics of the 13.5 nm wavelength from CO2 laser-irradiated pre-formed tin plasmas using 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Our results indicate that when a CO2 laser irradiates pre-formed tin plasma, the heated plasma expands towards the surrounding plasma, steepening the density at the ablation front and lowering the density near the laser axis due to the transverse motion of the plasma. Consequently, the laser absorption fraction decreases, and the contribution to EUV output from the ablation front becomes dominant over that from the low-density plasmas. We estimated that an EUV conversion efficiency of 10% from …

An Analysis Of Aerodynamic Design Issues Of Box-Wing Aircraft, Paul Jemitola, Paul Okonkwo

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The potential of the joined/box-wing aircraft as an environmentally friendly airliner that is capable of meeting current and future emission thresholds led to the investigation of this concept. This study reviews the evolution and current trends in the aerodynamic design of the box-wing aircraft with specific emphasis on box-wing theory, airfoil characteristics, and aerodynamic issues of the box-wing aircraft. The study was undertaken to highlight the distinct features of the box-wing configuration which make it very attractive for future airliners. The study reveals that the box-wing aircraft possesses a significant aerodynamic advantage over conventional aircraft. The box-wing aircraft configuration is …

A General Effectiveness-Ntu Modeling Framework For Membrane Dehumidification Systems, Andrew J. Fix, James E. Braun, David M. Warsinger

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Selective membrane dehumidification is a promising technology for energy efficient air dehumidification in buildings and has been ranked as a top alternative technology by the Department of Energy. One critical area that needs to be addressed is system modeling that incorporates device mass transfer characteristics and sizing. This work develops, validates, and applies a simple effectiveness-number of transfer units (𝜀−𝑁TU) modeling framework for dehumidification technologies that can be used to predict performance and determine required membrane area for a wide range of technologies, including energy recovery ventilators, vacuum membrane dehumidification, and desiccant dehumidifiers. Although the 𝜀−𝑁TU method is a well-established …

On A Central Problem Of The Human Placenta Project, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

This brief technical note describes a design concept for a low-cost, painless, noninvasive monitor of total placental blood flow during the third trimester of pregnancy. The approach may offer an overlooked solution to a central problem of the human placenta project. A systems level biophysical analysis shows that jets of blood flow emerging from spiral arteries in the placenta generate characteristic 1/f or “pink noise” which is routinely audible, but typically ignored, during fetal phonocardiography. The amplitude of the 1/f noise, recorded at a standardized location in an individual patient, is a measure of total placental blood flow that is …

Changes In Highway Expenditures And Revenues In An Era Of Cavs, Volume B: Road Users, Rachel N. Labi, Jalen Smith, Jelin Sabu, Samuel Labi

Center for Connected and Automated Transportation

At the current time, road agencies and city authorities are considering various stimuli (legislations, policies, programs, and infrastructure investment projects) to support or facilitate electric, connected, and/or automation vehicle (ECAV) transportation. A candid and comprehensive assessment of such stimuli is possible only after due consideration of not only the benefits but also costs of each alternative option to each stakeholder. The road user, one of the key stakeholders of any stimulus, refers to an individual vehicle owner, user of a shared vehicle service, or commercial vehicle fleet owner. This report first presents a general evaluation framework that considers road user …

Exploring The Prospective Role Of Connected Vehicles In Monitoring And Response To Pandemics And Disasters, Mohammadhosein Pourgholamali, Aishwarya Sharma, Zhongnan Ye, Hessam Arefkhani, Eric J. Dietz, Samuel Labi

Center for Connected and Automated Transportation

In the era of connectivity and automation, the prospective vehicular applications of these technologies go beyond transportation operations and traffic management. Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are capable of centralized control, information sharing through connectivity, and integrated surveillance. Also, CAVs are readily amenable to innovative design concepts, including disease detection devices in the interior design that could inherently help reduce the propagation of infectious disease. The first chapter of this study attempts to shed light on the operation of CAVs during a pandemic to decrease the infection risk in a community. In this regard, a literature review on the fundamental …

Design And Management Of Highway Infrastructure To Accommodate Cavs, Samuel Labi, Tariq U. Saeed, Mohammadhosein Pourgholamali, Zainab Abidemi Saka, Kumares Sinha

Center for Connected and Automated Transportation

Over the past century, landmark advancements in vehicle technology have motivated road agencies to carry out changes in their road infrastructure design and management processes to accommodate these advancements. The advent of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), however, poses infrastructure challenges that could be more profound compared to those faced in the past. This study first discusses AV issues and concepts that could influence the scope and types of roadway infrastructure design and management in the AV era. These issues include AV technology readiness, the levels of vehicle autonomy, the stages of AV operations, and stakeholder roles. The study discusses AV demand …