Digital Commons Network^™

Electro- And Photoactivation Of Silver–Iron Oxide Particles As Magnetically Recyclable Catalysts For Cross-Coupling Reactions, Qi Wang, Zhongxia Shang, Haiyan Wang, Alexander Wei

Department of Chemistry Faculty Publications

Colloidal Ag particles decorated with Fe3O4 islands can be electrochemically or photochemically activated as inverse catalysts for C(sp2)–H heteroarylation. The silver–iron oxide (SIO) particles are reduced into redox-active forms by cathodic charging at mild potentials or by short-term light exposure, and can be reused multiple times by magnetic cycling without further activation. A negative shift in the reduction peak is attributed to an overpotential produced by surface Fe3O4 which separates residual Ag ions or clusters from bulk silver. The catalytic efficiency of SIO is maintained even with acid degradation, which can be countered simply by adding water to the reaction …

Covid-19 As A Magnifying Glass: Exploring The Importance Of Relationships As Education Students Learn And Teach Robotics Via Zoom, Jennifer Kidd, Krishnanand Kaipa, Kristie Gutierrez, Min Jung Lee, Pilar Pazos, Stacie I. Ringleb

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Ed+gineering, an NSF-funded program, adapted hands-on robotics instruction for online delivery in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative multiple case study shares the experiences of participating education students in spring 2021 as they collaborated virtually with engineering students and fifth graders to engineer bioinspired robots in an afterschool technology club adapted to be virtual. The online context reduced the education students’ interactions with people other than the engineering students and fifth graders on their team and thus positioned COVID-19 as a metaphorical magnifying glass amplifying the critical role that these relationships played in influencing the project’s outcomes. Through analyzing …

Kaupa Letters: Volume 10, Issue 3, Korean American University Professors Association

KAUPA Letters

No abstract provided.

Abrupt Shift Or Caught Off Guard: A Systematic Review Of K-12 Engineering And Stem Education’S Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Ibrahim Delen, Tugba Yuksel

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

In the past hundred years, there have been a number of pandemics that have affected the entire world, including the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic, and the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. While responses to the most recent H1N1 influenza pandemic remained local, the COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, resulted in long-term school closures all around the world, prompting a sudden shift to distant education by compelling K-12 educators and students to do so. The purpose of this study is to find out how K-12 education studies reacted to the sudden shift in supporting engineering and …

Additive And Synergistic Relations Of Early Mother–Child And Caregiver–Child Interactions And Socioeconomic Outcomes In Adulthood, Robert Duncan, Inga Nordgren, Sara A. Schmitt, Deborah Lowe Vandell

Purdue Center for Early Learning Faculty and Staff Publications

Prior theoretical and empirical studies have linked the first 3 years of children's life with later life outcomes. One primary explanation is the critical role these experiences play in children's early brain development (including their early language and cognitive abilities) and subsequent schooling achievement. The current study is a registered report with two complementary research objectives: (1) examine to what extent stimulating and responsive interactions with mothers and nonparental caregivers during the first 3 years of life show additive or synergistic associations with key socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood (i.e., educational attainment, salary, and employment status), and (2) examine to what …

Community Despite Connection: Resisting The Digital Logics Of Optimization And Failure, Irina Kalinka

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

If a certain brand of aspirational tech-utopian discourse is to be believed, those privileged enough to be plugged into digital information technology are living through a golden age of connection. Platforms claim to facilitate sharing and partaking, bring people together, and bestow upon them new and improved spaces to gather and build communities. While reality differs decidedly from such idealized conceptions, it is nonetheless crucial to ask what kind of guiding vision is being instituted through such representational efforts: namely, the figure of community made operational and optimizable. This project will reject such idealized visions of coherent communities drawn together …

The Social Sinthome, Ryan Engley

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Much of the critical discourse on social media misidentifies its problematic features as bugs, or problems to solve. Supposed solutions to these problems tend to focus on individual actions. We should delete the apps, own our own data, never click on recommended videos, and realize that we are the product. But if predatory algorithms succeed by individuating people—selling people “choice” and “options” as it harvests user data—then an entire online ecosystem arranged through the logic of that design can neither be meaningfully challenged nor effectively understood at the level of the individual alone. Transformative action addressing social media can only …

Lacan And The Algorithm, Clint Burnham

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Exploring the development of algorithms in Lacanian theory, specifically the "R schema" in the 1950s, I argue that psychoanalysis, read through contemporary debates about the "algorithmic cult" of Netflix and other avatars of popular culture, can be said to reveal the inhuman, machinic essence of subjectivity. The etiology of algorithms, mathemes, and other formulae and diagrams in Lacan’s oeuvre has been under-studied, in part because for some readers they are not as attractive as his more bravura flourishes of word play as exegetical excess, and in part because they derive largely from the ‘hard’ structuralist moment of his work in …

A New Mechanism For Glymphatic Flow Of Interstitial Fluid In Branched Perivascular Spaces Of The Brain, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

Objective. To explore the biophysics of interstitial tissue fluid flow in the brain, based upon the anatomy and mechanics of the perivascular spaces, in order to better understand how glymphatic flow happens. Methods. The dynamics of fluid flow at cardiac frequencies are investigated in rapidly computable, branched, geometric models of brain tissue at multiple scales. The models are supplied by intermingled trees of penetrating arteries and veins. They include pulsatile changes in intracranial pressure and intravascular pressure, elastic expansion of brain tissue, and nonlinear changes in resistance to flow of cerebrospinal fluid along the axis of the Virchow-Robin space. Resulting …

U.S. Energy Information Administration Information Resources, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Provides information about the resources produced by U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. These resources cover energy statistics for U.S., states, the United States, and foreign countries. They also cover energy products as varied as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, petroleum, and renewable energy.

Towards Generalization Of Deep Learning-Based Plant Disease Identification Under Controlled And Field Conditions, Aanis Ahmad, Aly El Gamal, Dharmendra Saraswat

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Identifying corn diseases under field conditions is crucial for implementing effective disease management systems. Deep learning (DL)-based plant disease identification using deep neural networks (DNN) has been successfully implemented in recent years. Recent work suggests DL models trained on lab-acquired image data do not generalize to similar accuracy levels for identifying diseases in the field. Additionally, most studies have not evaluated the generalizability of DL models for identifying plant diseases from various datasets and diverse imaging conditions. This study evaluates how well DL models generalize across different datasets and environmental conditions for identifying plant diseases using five datasets consisting of …

Serving The Underserved Amid Covid-19: The Case Of A Virtual, Culturally Responsive Summer Engineering Camp, Tonisha B. Lane, Eugenia Vomvoridi-Ivanovic, Leia K. Cain, Selene Willis, Salam Ahmad, Jonathan Gaines

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

The societal disruptions due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic are well noted, especially in the context of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Absent a concerted effort to sustain hands-on learning opportunities in STEM amid the crisis, the consequences of COVID-19 may exacerbate existing inequities and racial disparities among youth of color further stratifying the STEM fields. In the current study, we applied a mixed-method descriptive case study design, using online learning theory and culturally responsive pedagogy as our conceptual framework, to describe how participants experienced this camp, held online due to disruptions of COVID-19, in the southeastern …

Demonstrating Non-Isothermal Vacuum Membrane Air Dehumidification For Efficient Next-Generation Air Conditioning, Andrew J. Fix, Shivam Gupta, James E. Braun, David M. Warsinger

School of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Vacuum membrane air dehumidification has gained significant interest in recent years as a highly efficient means of air dehumidification. Prior theoretical modeling work by the authors 1 introduced the Active Membrane Energy Exchanger (AMX) concept, which combines active heat exchange and vacuum membrane dehumidification into one non-isothermal system, and found that it could outperform other air conditioning technologies under many conditions. However, no experimental literature exists on combining active heat exchangers and vacuum membrane dehumidification. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the dehumidification (mass transfer) performance of the AMX concept relative to isothermal membrane dehumidification through three …

Rheology Of 3d Printable Ceramic Suspensions: Effects Of Non-Adsorbing Polymer On Discontinuous Shear Thickening, Ria D. Corder, Yuan-Jung Chen, Pattiya Pibulchinda, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Arezoo M. Ardekani, Kendra Erk

School of Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Concentrated suspensions of particles at volume fractions (ϕ) ≥ 0.5 often exhibit complex rheological behavior, transitioning from shear thinning to shear thickening as the shear stress or shear rate is increased. These suspensions can be extruded to form 3D structures, with non-adsorbing polymers often added as rheology modifiers to improve printability. Understanding how non-adsorbing polymers affect the suspension rheology, particularly the onset of shear thickening, is critical to the design of particle inks that will extrude uniformly. In this work, we examine the rheology of concentrated aqueous suspensions of colloidal alumina particles and the effects of adding non-adsorbing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). …

Exploring Barriers To The Adoption Of Internet Of Things-Based Precision Agriculture Practices, Gaganpreet Singh Hundal, Chad Laux, Dennis R. Buckmaster, Mathias J. Sutton, Michael Langemeier

Faculty Publications

The production of row crops in the Midwestern (Indiana) region of the US has been facing environmental and economic sustainability issues. There has been an increase in trend for the application of fertilizers (nitrogen & phosphorus), farm machinery fuel costs and decreasing labor productivity leading to non-optimized usage of farm inputs. Literature describes how sustainable practices such as profitability (return on investments), operational cost reduction, hazardous waste reduction, delivery performance and overall productivity might be adopted in the context of precision agriculture technologies (variable rate irrigation, variable rate fertilization, cloud-based analytics, and telematics for farm machinery navigation). The literature review …

Moving Beyond Dosage And Adherence: A Protocol For Capturing Dimensions Of Active Child Engagement As A Measure Of Fidelity For Social-Emotional Learning Interventions, Brianna L. Devlin, Tanya M. Paes, Elyssa A. Geer, Lindsey M. Bryant, Tracy M. Zehner, Irem Korucu, Kathleen Morse, Robert Duncan, David J. Purpura, Sara A. Schmitt

Purdue Center for Early Learning Faculty and Staff Publications

Social-emotional competencies are important for school-readiness and can be supported through social-emotional learning (SEL) interventions in the preschool years. However, past research has demonstrated mixed efficacy of early SEL interventions across varied samples, highlighting a need to unpack the black box of which early interventions work, under what conditions, and for whom. In the present article we discuss the critical implementation component of active child engagement in an intervention as a potential point of disconnect between the intervention as designed and as implemented. Children who are physically present but unengaged during an intervention may lead to decreased average impacts of …

Adapting A Narrative Curriculum To A Remote Format In The Context Of Socially Distanced Middle School Education Resulting From Covid-19, Jeremiah Pina, Rebecca Mazur, Glenn Ellis, Al Rudnitsky, Beth Mcginnis-Cavanaugh, Sonia Ellis, Isabel Huff, Crystal Ford

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

This paper describes the development of two versions of an NGSS-aligned principles of engineering design unit for use in middle schools. By employing a narrative framework that can help students to connect more deeply with the human contexts and consequences of the engineering design process, our goal was to enhance students’ cognitive and emotional engagement in the learning of engineering design concepts. We first detail the design of an initial version of the unit, titled The Survivorama, which used narrative to enrich a primarily traditional, in-person teaching approach. We then describe the adapted version of the unit, titled the Molasses …

Determining Optimal Traffic Opening Time Through Concrete Strength Monitoring: Wireless Sensing, Zhihao Kong, Na Lu

JTRP Technical Reports

Construction and concrete production are time-sensitive and fast-paced; as such, it is crucial to monitor the in-place strength development of concrete structures in real-time. Existing concrete strength testing methods, such as the traditional hydraulic compression method specified by ASTM C 39 and the maturity method specified by ASTM C 1074, are labor-intensive, time consuming, and difficult to implement in the field. INDOT’s previous research (SPR-4210) on the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique has established its feasibility for monitoring in-situ concrete strength to determine the optimal traffic opening time. However, limitations of the data acquisition and communication systems have significantly hindered the …

Development Of A Multiple Water Course Joint Probability Analysis Procedure For Indiana Watersheds, Ankit Ghanghas, Sayan Dey, Venkatesh Merwade

JTRP Technical Reports

The design of hydraulic structures located near a confluence of two streams must take into consideration the flows from both of the streams. A hydraulic structure located on a small tributary that drains into a large river immediately downstream is not just affected by the flow in the tributary, but also by the backwater flow from the downstream river. Currently INDOT uses a tabular summary (Table 1.1 and Table 7.3 in the HEC-22 manual) of joint probabilities of coincident flows in designing hydraulic structures at confluences. However, the source of the table is unknown, and the tabular summary provides coincidental …

Approach To Problem Solving And Use Of Intuition By Engineering Technology Students, Meher Taleyarkhan, Anne M. Lucietto, Natalie L. F. Hobson, Therese M. Azevedo

School of Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Engineering technology students often forgo a methodical approach of solving or answering questions on assignments or exams in favor of an intuition-based approach, emphasizing educated guessing (Broberg et al., 2008). Faculty observations have noted these student solutions often provide explanations, usually sans calculations, to support answers the students believe to be reasonable when in reality deviated from the correct answer. An extensive study was developed to assess several distinctions between student intuition and use of cognition in problem solving, as related to a generalized student population. The study was comprised of a survey and interview. The survey utilized two instruments, …

Data Interpretation Of Automated Plate Load Test (Aplt) For Real-Time In Situ Determination Of Unbound Layer Resilient Modulus, Bianka Pajo, Peter J. Becker, Philippe L. Bourdeau, Marika Santagata

JTRP Technical Reports

This project examined the results of an extensive program of (1) cyclic plate loading tests carried out at Purdue University’s S-BRITE site on two testing strips comprised of a coarse aggregate (Indiana #53) subbase layer compacted over either untreated or cement-stabilized subgrade, and (2) static loading tests conducted on #53 aggregate compacted in a 3.6-foot-deep testing pit. The testing program on the two strips included multistage resilient modulus (MR) tests and extended cyclic performance tests with random distributed loading (RDL) tests on both the subbase and the underlying subgrade. Two of the RDL tests were performed at locations where a …

Growing In Stem: Hands-On Education Via Tower Gardening, Jeffrey A. Nowak, Shelby Johnston-Werling

Indiana STEM Education Conference

Sole use of a textbook as the primary source of learning in the middle school setting has been linked to potentially limit students’ conceptual understanding of complex content (Driscoll et al., 1994), while the positive impact of hands-on learning has been well documented (Ekwueme et al., 2015; Satterthwait, 2010). Ideally, when a textbook is used in conjunction with content applied in a hands-on manner, student engagement and understanding of standards-based content are increased. In a grant funded collaboration between the Northeast Indiana STEM Education Resource Center housed at Purdue University Fort Wayne and an East Allen Community Schools middle school …

Students' Perspectives Of Thinking With Algebra, David Feikes, William S. Walker Iii, Natalie Mcgathey, Bir Kafle, Brandon H. Sorge

Indiana STEM Education Conference

Thinking With Algebra (TWA) is a curriculum development project for college students needing introductory/intermediate algebra. Unique guiding principles of the project are a focus on algebraic structure, mixed review, equity, and a classroom approach emphasizing small-group work and whole-class discussion (Feikes et al., 2022). Results are derived from a survey given to one class of fifteen students taking an intermediate algebra summer course. The paper shares both Likert and open-ended responses. Data demonstrates that the students believed that the TWA curriculum was beneficial.

Improving Developers' Understanding Of Regex Denial Of Service Tools Through Anti-Patterns And Fix Strategies, Sk Adnan Hassan, Zainab Aamir, Dongyoon Lee, James C. Davis, Francisco Servant

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Regular expressions are used for diverse purposes, including input validation and firewalls. Unfortunately, they can also lead to a security vulnerability called ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service), caused by a super-linear worst-case execution time during regex matching. Due to the severity and prevalence of ReDoS, past work proposed automatic tools to detect and fix regexes. Although these tools were evaluated in automatic experiments, their usability has not yet been studied; usability has not been a focus of prior work. Our insight is that the usability of existing tools to detect and fix regexes will improve if we complement them …

An Empirical Study Of Pre-Trained Model Reuse In The Hugging Face Deep Learning Model Registry, Wenxin Jiang, Nicholas Synovic, Matt Hyatt, Taylor R. Schorlemmer, Rohan Sethi, Yung-Hsiang Lu, George K. Thiruvathukal, James C. Davis

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are being adopted as components in software systems. Creating and specializing DNNs from scratch has grown increasingly difficult as state-of-the-art architectures grow more complex. Following the path of traditional software engineering, machine learning engineers have begun to reuse large-scale pre-trained models (PTMs) and fine-tune these models for downstream tasks. Prior works have studied reuse practices for traditional software packages to guide software engineers towards better package maintenance and dependency management. We lack a similar foundation of knowledge to guide behaviors in pre-trained model ecosystems.

In this work, we present the first empirical investigation of PTM reuse. …

On The Fast Prediction Of The Aerodynamic Performance Of Electronics Cooling Fans Considering The Effect Of Tip Clearance, W. Zhao, S. Wasala, T. Persoons

CTRC Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Usability Evaluation Of A Community Pharmacy Health Information Exchange Interface Prototype, Katelyn N. Hettinger, Margie E. Snyder, Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde, Alissa L. Russ-Jara

Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty Publications

Objective
Few community pharmacies have access to health information exchange (HIE) data. We conducted a first-of-its-kind usability evaluation of an HIE interface prototype (referred to throughout as the “HIE-Pioneer mock-up”) developed with pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to aid future implementation in community pharmacies.

Methods
Community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were recruited to complete usability evaluations with the HIE-Pioneer mock-up. Each usability evaluation lasted up to 60 minutes. System usability scale (SUS) scores were collected from each participant following each usability evaluation session and summarized with descriptive statistics. Usability evaluation videos were reviewed for common usability attributes, such as the impact …

Teachers' Instructional Strategies In Integrated Stem Education, Yousef Alrashdi, Paul A. Asunda

Indiana STEM Education Conference

Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (iSTEM) education has been regarded as a model that provides students with skills necessary for future careers and enhances the economy of nations. Although there is a considerable body of research on the effective educational approaches in iSTEM education including problem-based and project-based learning, the ways teachers implement these approaches remain ambiguous due to a paucity of consensus about how to effectively use iSTEM approaches in classrooms (Thibaut et al., 2018). Additionally, there is a need for further investigation to understand teachers’ instructional strategies and practices in iSTEM education (Bush, 2019). To fulfill this …

Integrated Stem: Impact Of Engineering Design And Computer Science In Stem Labs, Jason Morphew, Ruben Lopez, Amir Bralin, Ravishankar Chatta Subramaniam, Sanjay Rebello, Carina Rebello

Indiana STEM Education Conference

By integrating physics laboratories with engineering design and computer science, students apply physics principles to ill-structured and complex problems, engage in knowledge transfer, and gain interest in STEM. The introductory physics labs at Purdue have been updated to include engineering design and computer science principles that ground physics in authentic problems. Integrated labs have been evaluated using student perception post-surveys, student course performance, interviews, and case-study observations. Preliminary results indicate that integrated physics labs promote transfer, enhanced metacognitive skills, student interest, and motivation.

Achieving Equity And Excellence: A Multilevel Modeling Of The Relationships Among School Climate, Students’ Motivation, And Achievement With Timss 2019, Yao Yang, Tugce Karatas, Tybresha Ebony Glass

Indiana STEM Education Conference

This study examined the effects of students’ motivational factors and school climate factors on eighth-grade math and science achievement in the U.S. using data from the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Two-level, cross-sectional hierarchical linear models were developed to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant variation in math and science achievement across schools. Only students’ confidence in math and school SES had statistically significant effects on students’ math achievement. School location and school SES had statistically significant effects on science achievement.