Digital Commons Network^™

Geometric Correction Of Erts-1 Digital Multispectral Scanner Data, Paul E. Anuta

LARS Technical Reports

ERTS-1 Multispectral Scanner Data is received from the satellite by NASA, processed, and delivered to users recorded on computer compatible tape and in photographic form. The computer tape form of the data is calibrated and line length adjusted by NASA but no geometric corrections are applied. The system-corrected photographic products are corrected for many geometric distortions including earth rotation effects in addition to the above two corrections. Also, these images are rescaled so that the horizontal and vertical scales are the same. Thus, the digital form of the MSS data contains many geometric distortions and users of this data are …

Calibration Of The University Of Michigan Aircraft Multispectral Scanner Data Using Smoothed Calibration Coefficients, David F. Strahorn, Paul E. Anuta

LARS Technical Reports

A preprocessor (SMCAL) is described which produces a data tape which is calibrated in any desired calibration code with smoothed calibration coefficients. The C1-C0 and C2-C0 values used to gain calibrate each line of data are linearly smoothed over nine lines before and after each line.

Land Use Classification Of Marion County, Indiana By Spectral Analysis Of Digitized Satellite Data, William J. Todd, Marion F. Baumgardner

LARS Technical Reports

Multispectral scanner data, obtained over Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana at an altitude of 915 kilometers, were analyzed by computer-implemented techniques to evaluate the utility of satellite data for urban land use classification. Several land use classes, such as commerce/industry, single-family (newer) residential, trees, and water exhibited spectrally separable characteristics and were identified with greater than 90 per cent accuracy. Difficulties were encountered in the spectral separation of grassy (open, agricultural) areas and multi-family (older) housing. The confusion between these two classes was largely eliminated, however when spectral characteristics of samples (instead of individual data points) were considered. Another solution to …

Data Processing I: Advancements In Machine Analysis Of Multispectral Data, Philip H. Swain

LARS Technical Reports

Research in multispectral data processing at LARS/Purdue is directed at supporting a substantial level of applications research as well as advancing the technology of remote sensing data processing. During the past year significant progress has bean made in both respects. Almost the entire multispectral data analysis process, from data editing to results evaluation, has been impacted, and the new level of technology has been vigorously tested by the data analysis operation associated with the 1971 Corn Blight Watch Experiment. The following discussion of these advancements is organized to follow generally the steps utilized in the multispectral data analysis procedure. In …

Machine Processing For Remotely Acquired Data, D. A. Landgrebe

LARS Technical Reports

This paper is a general discussion of earth resources information systems which utilize airborne and spaceborne sensors. It points out that information may be derived by sensing and analyzing the spectral, spatial and temporal variations of electromagnetic fields emanating from the earth surface. After giving an overview system organization, the two broad categories of system types are discussed. These are systems in which high quality imagery is essential and those more numerically oriented. Sensors are also discussed with this categorization of systems in mind.

The multispectral approach and pattern recognition are described as an example data analysis procedure for numerically-oriented …

Geometric Aspects In Digital Analysis Of Multi-Spectral Scanner (Mss) Data, Edward M. Mikhail, James R. Baker

LARS Technical Reports

Present automated systems of interpretation which apply pattern recognition techniques on MSS data do not fully consider the geometry of the acquisition system. Metric information cannot therefore be extracted from the data at the same time that interpretation is performed. In an effort to improve the usefulness of the MSS data when digitally treated, geometric aspects are analyzed and discussed. Attempts to correct for scanner instabilities in position and orientation by affine and polynomial transformations, as well as by modified collinearity equations are described. Methods of accounting for panoramic and relief effects are also discussed. It is anticipated that reliable …

A Result From Studies Of Transformed Divergence, Philip H. Swain

LARS Technical Reports

The purpose of this memorandum is simply to convey briefly and quickly to LARSYS users a result derived from some recent studies of the relation between transformed divergence and classification accuracy. These studies were carried out under the author's direction by Roger C. King, an undergraduate in Electrical Engineering. A detailed publication describing the investigation will be forthcoming shortly.

Two Effective Feature Selection Criteria For Multispectral Remote Sensing, P. H. Swain, R. C. King

LARS Technical Reports

In an earlier study, Swain et al. reported on two statistical separability measures which for multiclass feature selection were shown experimentally to be more reliable than divergence. However, the empirical results of that study together with the best theoretical results in the literature left open some practical questions regarding the quantitative characterization of these separability measures. This paper is concerned with an empirical study aimed at answering such questions. It has been possible to further substantiate that the Jeffreys-Matusita Distance and a saturating transform of divergence are effective feature selection criteria for remote sensing applications. In fact, an explanation as …

Extraction And Classification Of Objects In Multispectral Images, T. V. Robertson

LARS Technical Reports

Presented here Is an algorithm that partitions a digitized multispectral image into parts that correspond to objects in the scene being sensed. The algorithm partitions an image into successively smaller rectangles and produces a partition that tends to minimize a criterion function.

Supervised and unsupervised classification techniques can be applied to partitioned images. This partition- then-classify approach is used to process Images sensed from aircraft and the ERTS-1 satellite, and the method is shown to give relatively accurate results in classifying agricultural areas and extracting urban areas.

Urban Land-Use Mapping By Machine Processing Of Erts-1 Multi Spectral Data: A San Francisco Bay Area Example, Richard Ellefsen, Philip Swain, James Wray

LARS Technical Reports

Results are promising of an experiment to map land use in an urban area by automatic digital processing of ERTS-1 data. Computer-maps of a large segment of the San Francisco-Oakland and San Jose Urbanized Areas have been produced at a scale of 1:24,000 using a segment of an ERTS-1 frame reformatted to correct skewness and scale. An area of some 6,500 square kilometers was also mapped at 1:48,000 (a one-fourth sample). For both scales, urban areas were separated from rural -- using a photo interpretation procedure -- to solve problems of the spectral similarity of functionally different land uses and …

Effect Of Acceleration On Material Properties : Interim Report, Hari D. Sharma

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Mapping Soils, Crops, And Rangelands By Machine Analysis Of Multi-Temporal Erts-1 Data, M. F. Baumgardner, James A. Henderson

LARS Technical Reports

ERTS-1 data, obtained during the period 25 August 1972 to 5 September 1973 over a range of test sites in the Central United States, have been used for identifying and mapping differences in soil patterns, species and conditions of cultivated crops, and conditions of rangelands. Multispectral scanner data from multiple ERTS passes over certain test sites have provided the opportunity to study temporal changes in the scene.

Geometric correction was performed on the digital data for several dates and for several test sites. This made much easier the task of locating specific data points and of comparing the analytical results …

Basic Forest Cover Mapping Using Digitized Remote Sensor Data And Automatic Data Processing Techniques, M. E. Coggeshall, R. M. Hoffer

LARS Technical Reports

Increasing demands on the forest resource will necessitate increasingly more intensive management in the future. In order to achieve this goal, reliable and timely information over large geographic areas will be required. Remote sensing techniques offer much potential for the procurement of such information.

This research, then, was pointed toward study of that potential. Four objectives were established as follows: 1) to determine the optimum number of the available twelve multispectral scanner (MSS) wavelength bands to use for forest cover mapping with automatic data processing (ADP) techniques; 2) to determine the current capability to map basic forest cover using MSS …

Techniques For Computer-Aided Analysis Of Erts-1 Data, Useful In Geologic, Forest And Water Resource Surveys, Roger M. Hoffer

LARS Technical Reports

Forestry, geology. and water resource applications were the focus of this study, which involved the use of computer-implemented pattern-recognition techniques to analyze ERTS-1 data. The results have proven the value of computer-aided analysis techniques, even in areas of mountainous terrain.

Several analysis capabilities have been developed during these ERTS-1 investigations. A procedure to rotate, deskew, and geometrically scale the MSS data results in 1:24,000 scale printouts that can be directly overlayed on 7 1/2 minute U.S.G.S. topographic maps. Several scales of computer-enhanced "false color-infrared" composites of MSS data can be obtained from a digital display unit, and emphasize the tremendous …

Identification Of Agricultural Crops By Computer Processing Of Erts Mss Data, Marvin E. Bauer, Jan E. Cipra

LARS Technical Reports

Quantitative evaluation of computer-processed ERTS MSS data classifications has shown that major crop species (corn and soybeans) can be accurately identified. Preliminary comparisons of acreage estimates from ERTS data and ground-based systems agreed well. The classifications of satellite data over a 2000 square mile area not only covered more than 100 times the area previously covered using aircraft, but also yielded improved results through the use of temporal and spatial data in addition to the spectral information. Furthermore, training sets could be extended over far larger areas than possible with aircraft scanner data. The results demonstrate the potential utility of …

An Interpretation Of A Geologic Map Of Fannin County, Texas, Prepared By Adp Techniques From Erts Mss Data, J. A. Henderson, J. V. Gardner, J. E. Cipra

LARS Technical Reports

Multispectral scanner data, collected by ERTS-1 from an area in northeast Texas underlain by structurally simple cretaceous sedimentary rocks, were analyzed using several automatic data processing techniques. Training areas for the computer analysis were selected in three ways using: (1) an unsupervised classifier, (2) the unsupervised classifier to further refine training areas, and (3) available ground information. The first two methods utilize the capability of the unsupervised classifier to group resolution elements with similar spectral properties. With the imagery produced by these procedures, several geologic features can be identified. The most easily recognizable features are streams and other water bodies. …

Statistical Separability Of Spectral Classes Of Blighted Corn, R. Kumar, L. Silva

LARS Technical Reports

The purpose of this study was to determine the statistical separability of multispectral measurements from corn having varying levels of southern corn leaf blight severity. Multispectral scanner data in twelve spectral channels in the wavelength range 0.4 to 11.7 µm were analyzed for ten selected flightlines of the 1971 Corn Blight Watch Experiment. A total of 168 corn fields having 18,804 sample points were analyzed. The blight rating information for these fields were available.

Maximum average transformed divergence between spectral classes (found by LARSYS Cluster Algorithm) of all possible pair of blight levels, maximized over a subset of channels, was …

An Analysis Of Milwaukee County Land Use By Machine-Processing Of Erts Data, W. Todd, P. Mausel, M. F. Baumgardner

LARS Technical Reports

The identification and classification of urban and suburban phenomena through analysis of remotely-acquired sensor data can provide information of great potential value to many regional analysts. Such classifications, particularly those using spectral data obtained from satellites such as the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) orbited by NASA, allow rapid, frequent and accurate general land use inventories that are of value in many types of spatial analyses. In this study, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin was classified into several broad land use categories on the basis of computer analysis of four bands of ERTS spectral data (ERTS Frame Number

E1017-16093). Categories identified …

Multitemporal Geometric Distortion Correction Utilizing The Affine Transformation, R. A. Emmert, C. D. Mcgillem

LARS Technical Reports

In the analysis of multitemporal remotely sensed imagery, it is necessary to place these data into registration. To implement this operation the data are divided into subimages, and the misregistration between the data subsets is modeled by an affine transformation. The properties of the Fourier transform of a two-dimensional function under the affine transformation are given, and examples of these relations between the spatial and spatial frequency domains are shown. Techniques for the estimation of the coefficients of the distortion model using the spatial frequency information are developed, and an example of the use of this method for the correction …

Spectral Mapping Of Soil Organic Matter, S. J. Kristof, M. F. Baumgardner, C. J. Johannsen

LARS Technical Reports

Multispectral remote sensing data were examined for use in the mapping of soil organic matter content. Computer-implemented pattern recognition techniques were used to analyze data collected in May 1969 and May 1970 by an airborne multispectral scanner over a 40-km flightline. Two fields within the flightline were selected for intensive study. Approximately 400 surface soil samples from these fields were obtained for organic matter analysis. The analytical data were used as training sets for computer implemented analysis of the spectral data. It was found that within the geographical limitations included in this study, multispectral data and automatic data processing techniques …

Evaluation Of Safety Improvements At Highway - Railway Grade Crossings : Interim Report, Thomas Allan Butcher

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

System Standards For Drivers, Vehicles And Highways, Henry H. Wakeland

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Indiana State Highway Report 1971-1972 (Part Ii), R H. Harrell

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Roadside Services For The Tourist, Ross T. Shoaf

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Statistics Interpreted, R D. Pavlovich

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Studded Tires On Pavement Wear And Traffic Safety, C K. Preus

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Traffic Safety Needs In Indiana, Albert E. Huber

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

The City Engineer And Indiana Municipal Law, Christian J. Litscher

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Statute Requirements For Office Of County Surveyor In Indiana, John G. Mcentyre

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Traffic Protection For Highway Work Areas, W A. Frick

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.