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Machine Processing Of Landsat Mss Data And Dma Topographic Data For Forest Cover Type Mapping, Michael D. Fleming, Roger M. Hoffer

LARS Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Attenuation And Speed Of 10 Mhz Ultrasound In Canine Blood Of Various Packed Cell Volumes At 37c, D J. Hughes, L A. Geddes, Charles F. Babbs, J D. Bourland, V L. Newhouse

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

The attenuation coefficient and the speed of 10 MHz ultrasound were determined in canine blood at 37 oC by a differential path length technique. Blood specimens with packed cell volumes (PCV) ranging from 0 to 53% were prepared by separating the cells from the plasma and mixing the two components. The mean attenuation coefficient increased linearly with packed cell volume, the least squares regression function being  (dB/cm) = 0.992 +0.039 PCV with a standard error of the estimate = 0.255. The speed of 10 MHz ultrasound, c, in millimetres per second, increased with packed cell volume, the regression function …

Measurements Of Young's Modulus Of Elasticity Of The Canine Aorta With Ultrasound, D J. Hughes, Charles F. Babbs, L A. Geddes, J D. Bourland

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

We have developed an ultrasonic technique for determining the dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity (E) of the canine aorta in vivo. Young's modulus was measured in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) and the abdominal aorta (AA) of 12 dogs over a range of mean blood pressures from 40-200 mmHg. The vessels were excised and dynamic moduli were determined in vitro postmortem from pressure-volume curves. The data so obtained were compared to the in vivo values. In vivo and in vitro moduli increased exponentially with mean distending pressure (P). The equation of best fit for these data was of the form …

Georgia's Operational Landsat Processing System, N. L. Faust, L. E. Jordan, B. Q. Rado

LARS Symposia

The State of Georgia and the Georgia Institute of Technology have created an exemplary relationship in the formation of a cohesive group for the analysis of Landsat data, its application to real world problems, and its inclusion in applications using geographic data base techniques. This group has evolved over a period of four to five years and lists as its accomplishments several successful demonstration projects using Landsat data, an operational Landsat classification of the entire State of Georgia using 60 classes, the integration of Landsat data into several geographic data bases for use in operational short and long range planning, …

Computer Aided Assessment Of Revegetation On Surface Mine Land Utilizing Color Infrared Aerial Photography, William D. Mcfarland, Terry W. Barney, Chris J. Johannsen

LARS Symposia

A computer based methodology has been developed for assessing the extent of revegetation on surface mined lands utilizing digital image scanning of color infrared (CIR) aerial photography. Digital images, created from CIR photography of coal strip mines, were classified into three categories: bare soil, water and vegetation. The results of repetitive scans were compared to determine precision. Classification accuracy was established by comparing the results to known ground cover quantified by quadrat and area-metering methods of established accuracy. Results indicate that digital image analysis of CIR aerial photography if a feasible tool for measuring the extent of revegetation on surface …

Transformation Of Atmospheric And Solar Illumination Conditions On The Ccrs Image Analysis System, Francis J. Ahern, Philippe M. Teillet, David G. Goodenough

LARS Symposia

A software package for the transformation of atmospheric and illumination conditions (TASIC) has been implemented on the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing's Image Analysis System. This package offers three different transformations: (1) transformation to reflectance units; (2) transformation of illumination conditions; and (3) transformation to radiance units under standard atmospheric and illumination conditions.

Atmospheric parameters can be derived from four different sources. allowing users considerable flexibility. In particular, the method of obtaining atmospheric information from the LANDSAT signals from clear water bodies (Ahern et al. 1977 a, b) has been incorporated as one of the options. It offers high accuracy …

Analyzing Accuracy Attributes Of Landsat And Digital Terrain Tape Data In The Context Of A Digital Geobase Information System, Douglas A. Stow, John E. Estes

LARS Symposia

The major conclusions reached in this research effort are: 1) Landsat derived land cover classification data are, at present, a marginally accurate data source for county-level resource management requirements; and 2) the accuracy of standard product National Cartographic Information Center (NCIC) Digital Terrain Tape data appear to be questionable, again with respect to the information requirements of county level resource managers.

Data representation accuracy has been analyzed for Landsat/MSS land cover and NCIC Digital Terrain Tape data. Lands at derived data correctly represented land cover in 71.5% of 200 randomly sampled grid cells verified against low-altitude photography. Only 61% of …

Machine Processing Of Landsat Mss Data And Dma Topographic Data For Forest Cover Type Mapping, Michael D. Fleming, Roger M. Hoffer

LARS Symposia

In forestry, as in many other disciplines involving land management, there exists a definite need for timely, reliable information on which to base resource management decisions. This was emphasized in 1974 through the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act in which the U.S. Congress mandated the U.S. Forest Service to provide information on the condition and productivity of approximately 1.6 billion acres of land, every 10 years. The synoptic view that can be obtained through data from spacecraft altitudes is proving to be of considerable value in developing resource bases, particularly where information over extensive geographic areas is needed. …

An Overview Of The Landsat-D Project With Emphasis On The Flight Segment, Vincent V. Salomonson, A. B. Park

LARS Symposia

In the third quarter of 1981, a new, experimental Earth-resources monitoring system, Landsat-D, is scheduled for launch. The characteristics of this system have been under consideration since about 1970 through a series of study efforts and with the guidance of several advisory groups composed of representatives of federal, state, and local agencies, private industry, and university personnel. From these studies and efforts evolved an Earth resources monitoring system, Landsat-D, that includes several technological advances over the capabilities provided by Landsats 1, 2, and 3. In essence, the Landsat-D system is designed to be a complete, highly automated data gathering and …

Multi-Temporal Classification Of Winter Wheat Using A Growth State Model, Christine A. Hlavka, Stephen M. Carlyle, Ryozo Yokoyama, Robert M. Haralick

LARS Symposia

In this paper we describe a multi-temporal classification procedure for crops in LANDSAT scenes. The method involves the creation of crop signatures which characterize multi-spectral observations as functions of phenological growth states. The phenological signature models spectral reflectance explicitly as a function of crop maturity rather than a function of observation date. This means that instead of stacking spectral vectors of one observation on another, as is usually done for multi-temporal data, we establish for each possible crop category a correspondence of time to growth state which minimizes the smallest difference between the given multi-spectral multi-temporal vector and the category …

Effect Of The Atmosphere On The Classification Of Landsat Data, Tsutomu Morimoto, Ravindra Kumar, Luiz Carlos Baldicero Molion

LARS Symposia

The purpose of this work was to develop a suitable computer program to correct computer compatible tapes, obtained from LANDSAT MSS data, and to study its effect on percentage of correct classification. The LOWTRAN-3 program, developed by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratories and based on a semi-empirical model, was used to calculate the atmospheric transmittance, in conjunction with Turner's model for correction of satellite data for atmospheric interference. It improved the contrast between different natural targets in the MSS LANDSAT data of Brasilia, Brazil. It also improved the classification accuracy of sugar canes by about 9%, in the MSS LANDSAT …

An Image Registration Algorithm Using Sampled Binary Correlation, Ernest W. Cordan, Benjamin W. Patz

LARS Symposia

One of the problems associated with the automatic image processing of satellite photographs such as weather maps is the need for image registration; that is, the fitting of a map that has some translational and rotational bias to a known data base. this paper investigates a least square method of image registration using an image that has been converted into a boundary map with a pixel representation of 1 for land, -1 for water and zero for cloud pixels. A sampled correlation array is constructed about the correlation peak of the binary cross-correlation for the coded satellite map against its …

Extraction Of Soil Information From Vegetated Area, Michikazu Fukuhara, Shigechika Hayashi, Yoshizumi Yasuda, Ichio Asanuma, Yasufumi Emori, Joji Iisaka

LARS Symposia

Mix or influence of vegetation signal on soil information decrease the performance of soil identification and mapping. This paper describes a simple transformation to eliminate the mix or influence of vegetation reflectance on soil reflectance, and to enhance the soil information.

The usefulness of the transformation were investigated and shown by the channel selection based upon the statistical distance between soil classes and by multispectral pattern recognition. The simple transformation was considered to sensitive to the degree of the soil organic matter contents.

A Method For Classifying Multispectral Remote Sensing Data Using Context, Philip H. Swain, Howard J. Stegel, Bradley W. Smith

LARS Symposia

A statistical model of spatial context is described and procedures for classifying remote sensing data using a context classifier are outlined. Experimental results are presented. Because the computational requirements of the context classifier are very large, its implementation on parallel/pipelined multiprocessor systems is being investigated. Some of the special considerations necessary for such implementations are described, with particular reference to implementation on an array of Control Data Corporation Flexible Processors.

A Forester's Look At The Application Of Image Manipulation Techniques To Multitemporal Landsat Data, Darrel L. Williams, Mark L. Stauffer, K. C. Leung

LARS Symposia

Registered, multitemporal Landsat data of a study area in central Pennsylvania were analyzed to detect and assess changes in the forest canopy resulting from insect defoliation. Images taken July 19, 1976, and June 27, 1977, were chosen specifically to represent forest canopy conditions before and after defoliation, respectively. Several image manipulation and data transformation techniques, developed primarily for estimating agricultural and rangeland standing green biomass, were applied to these data. The applicability of each technique for estimating the severity of forest canopy defoliation was then evaluated. All techniques tested had highly correlated results. In all cases, heavy defoliation was discriminated …

Landsat-D Data Acquisition And Processing, Pierce L. Smith, William C. Webb

LARS Symposia

A series of evolutionary changes have taken place since the early beginnings of the Landsat (Earth Resources Technology Satellite) program. Since the first satellite launch on July 23, 1972, many tens of thousands of multispectral views of the Earth have been taken and processed at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) data processing facility located at Greenbelt, Maryland. This satellite and the subsequent Landsats 2 and 3 have supplied a continuous flow of data to a widely diverse number of users for the past 6.5 years.

For the first 6 years of operation, all multispectral images were processed as photographic …

Landsat Mss Coordinate Transformations, Berthold K. P. Horn, Robert J. Woodham

LARS Symposia

A number of image analysis tasks require the registration of a surface model with an image. In-the case of satellite images, the surface model may be a map or digital terrain model in the form of surface elevations on a grid of points. We develop here an affine transformation between coordinates of Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) images produced by the Landsat satellites, and coordinates of a system lying in a plane tangent to the earth's surface near the sub-satellite (Nadir) point.

A Parametric Model For Multispectral Scanners, Bijan G. Mobasseri, Clare D. Mcgillem, Paul E. Anuta

LARS Symposia

Efficient acquisition and utilization of remotely sensed data requires an extensive a priori evaluation of the performance of the basic data collection unit, the multispectral scanner. The objective is the development of a fully parametric technique to theoretically evaluate the systems response in any desired operational environment and provide the necessary information in selecting a set of optimum parameters.

In this paper the multispectral scanner spatial characteristics are represented by a linear shift-invariant multiple-port system where the N spectral bands comprise the input processes. The scanner characteristic function, the relationship governing the transformation of the input spatial and hence spectral …

A Non-Interactive Approach To Land Use Determination, Ralph V. Algazi, Gary E. Ford, Doreen I. Meyer

LARS Symposia

In this paper, we report on an operational procedure for use by the Corps of Engineers to acquire land use information for hydrologic planning purposes. The operational constraints preclude the use of dedicated, interactive image processing facilities. The procedure, which is summarized in detail, combines manual interpretation techniques and the batch-mode computer analysis of Landsat digital data. An example of the application of the procedure to an urban watershed is described.

Mapping And Estimating Areal Extent Of Severely Eroded Soils Of Selected Sites In Northern Indiana, C. E. Seubert, M. F. Baumgardner, R. A. Weismiller, F. R. Kirschner

LARS Symposia

The importance of soil conservation and the devastating effects of soil erosion have been noted throughout recorded human history. In the United States it has been estimated that up to two-thirds of the nation's cropland is losing soil at rates up to 5 tons/A (11 mt/ha) while nearly 15% is losing more than 10 ton/A (22 mt/ha) per year. The Soil Conservation Service of the USDA and the Environmental Protection Agency are actively engaged in programs to reduce soil loss and subsequent stream pollution. Rapid methods of pinpointing areas undergoing accelerated erosion are needed to assist in these efforts.

The …

The Effect Of Laboratory Compaction On The Shear Behavior Of A Highly Plastic Clay After Saturation And Consolidation : Interim Report, James M. Johnson, C. W. Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Traffic Speed Report No. 108 : Interim Report, Richard Philip Guenthner, George K. Stafford

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Raising Load Limits On Pavements And Bridges In Indiana, Eldon J. Yoder, Benjamin Colucci-Rios, J. John Fraczek, James A. Skees

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Study Of The Segmental Box Girder Bridge At Turkey Run: Construction, Instrumentation, And Data Collection : Interim Report, Stephen P. Wanders, Douglas Windslow, Charles D. Sutton

JTRP Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Atmospheric Effects On Band-Ratioing In Vegetation Monitoring From Satellites, J. Otterman, S. G. Ungar, R. K. Kiang

LARS Symposia

An approximate, explicit expression has been previously developed for the Earth-atmosphere system nadir beam reflectivity as [equation] where r is the object pixel reflectivity, a the effective reflectivity of the sure rounding terrain, µ the cosine of the solar zenith angle, and g(µ) is the anisotropy of atmospheric scattering to zenith from the direct beam. B, F and W respectively are the backward scattering, forward scattering and absorption optical thickness.

Equation (1) is accurate only for the limiting cases of low optical thickness, (Q/µ,) << 1, and should not generally be used for quantitative correction of atmospheric effects. This expression affords good insight into atmospheric effects on reflective infrared to red band ratioing for monitoring and mapping vegetation. The Landsat bands applicable for this purpose are MSS-7 (0.8-l.lµm) and MSS-5 (0.6-0. 7µm). The ratio of MSS-7 to MSS-5 increases with canopy thickness and plant vigor.

Under good visibility conditions (aerosol vertical optical thickness 0.05 to 0.15, less than 30mm water vapor, …

A System For Processing Landsat And Other Georeferenced Data For Resource Management Applications, Sidney L. Whitley

LARS Symposia

The NASA Earth Resources Laboratory (ERL) at the National Space Technology Laboratories, NSTL Station, MS, has developed a transferable system for processing Landsat and disparate data with capabilities for digital data classification, georeferencing, overlaying, and data base management. This system is known as the Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS). The versatility of the system has been demonstrated with applications in several disciplines. A description is given of a low-cost data system concept that is suitable for transfer to one's available in-house minicomputer or to a low-cost computer purchased for this purpose. Software packages are described that process Landsat data …

A Comprehensive Computer-Aided Soil Map Obtained Via Satellite Mss Data, S. J. Kristof

LARS Symposia

Geometrically corrected and temporally registered Landsat data collected over Vigo and Tippecanoe Counties, Indiana have been used to produce computer-aided soil maps at 1:24,000 scale.

A tabulation was made of selected soil properties such as soil color tones, drainage parameters, available water capacity, water permeability, erosion, drought resistance, organic matter content, fertilizer and lime requirement, and topography. These observations were recorded and used as a basis for grouping soil mapping units into a "comprehensive, interpretive" computer map using the "Printresults" LARSYS processor. Soil maps obtained with such data have considerable implications in agricultural planning, in utilization of land resources, and …

Imagenet - An Image Analysis Network, P. R. Pearl

LARS Symposia

The launching of the first LANDSAT satellite in 1972 suddenly provided us with a vast amount of relatively cheap remotely sensed data. It was hoped that this freely available data would initiate a dramatic improvement in our ability to map and to monitor the earth's surface. A considerable amount of effort has been expended in demonstrating the potential effectiveness of LANDSAT in solving some of the more pressing requirements of the various resource disciplines. In spite of the apparent success of some of these demonstrations, the operational use of LANDSAT data has not lived up to expectations.

Many factors have …

The Use Of Landsat Multispectral Data To Derive Land Cover Information For The Location And Quantification Of Non-Point Source Water Pollutants, Henry F. Fostel, James E. Manley, James P. Ormsby

LARS Symposia

The Regional Planning Council (RPC) provides a clearinghouse and advisory service to the city and five surrounding counties of the Baltimore region (Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, and Howard counties and Baltimore City.) The RPC staff is divided into various technical divisions providing support in the numerous aspects of modern planning. A great portion of this work is indirect response to the requirements of various Federal programs and legislation. In early 1976, the RPC received a Water Quality Planning Grant under the Federal Clean Water Act Amendments of 1972 (PL-92-500, Section 208). The work program for this grant required a …

Texture Analysis By Space Filter And Application To Foresttype Classification, Joji Iisaka

LARS Symposia

This paper describes a new method for defining textural properties of images by applying various types of space filters which have the same functions as "field stop" of an optical filter.