Digital Commons Network^™

Mortar Board: A Century Of Scholars, Chosen For Leadership, United To Serve, Susan R. Komives, Virginia N. Gordon, Jane A. Hamblin

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Mortar Board National College Senior Honor Society has a unique place in the history of higher education and indeed in the history of the United States. Founded in 1918, with inaugural chapters at Cornell University, University of Michigan, The Ohio State University, and Swarthmore College, Mortar Board was the first national organization to honor senior college women. Before women had the right to vote in the United States, Mortar Board members were leading their society to prominence across the country. In a real sense, Mortar Board grew up with the US higher education system and grew in step with women’s …

The Impact Of Colostrum Versus Formula Feeding And Fat Supplementation On Vaginal Lipidome And Uterine Development In Gilts On Postnatal Day 2, Kalynn Harlow

Open Access Theses

Genetic selection for larger litters negatively affected the swine industry by reducing piglet birthweights and survival. Moreover, sow colostrum production did not increase with increased litter size. Colostrum is essential for postnatal piglet growth and development because it provides nutrition, energy and bioactive factors. Milk replacers are available to supplement piglets with limited colostrum intake. However, replacer formulas lack bioactive factors in milk, and have plant-based fats substantially different from maternally derived lipids. Suckled and milk replacer-fed gilts show different patterns of uterine gene expression, and colostrum deprivation results in impaired uterine adenogenesis. Many lipids function as bioactive factors, thus …

Potential For Participatory Big Data Ethics And Algorithm Design: A Scoping Mapping Review, Madisson Whitman, Chien-Yi Hsiang, Kendall Roark

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Ubiquitous networked data collection and algorithm-based information systems have the potential to disparately impact lives around the planet and pose a host of emerging ethical challenges. One response has been a call for more transparency and democratic control over the design and implementation of such systems. This scoping mapping review focuses on participatory approaches to the design, governance, and future of these systems across a wide variety of contexts and domains.

Changing Seasons: A Language Arts Curriculum For Healthy Aging, Denise Calhoun

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Effective communication enhances quality of life. In Changing Seasons: A Language Arts Curriculum for Healthy Aging,Denise Calhoun provides a language-based, interdisciplinary program to help older adults improve their communication skills. Each activity reveals new, creative, and fun ways to get individuals to speak, think, write, engage with others, and use their imagination. As the activities promote meaningful interactions and the creation of a stimulating environment, Changing Seasons underscores the importance of sustaining quality of life as we and those we love age.

Intellectual Philanthropy: The Seduction Of The Masses, Aurélie Vialette

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Intellectual Philanthropy: The Seduction of the Masses by Aurélie Vialette examines the practice of philanthropy in modern Spain. Through detailed studies of popular music, collective readings, dramas, working-class manuals, and fiction, Vialette reveals how depictions of urban philanthropic activities can inform our understanding of interactions in the economic, cultural, religious, and educational spheres, class power dynamics, and gender roles in urban Spanish society.

Indiana’S Agriculture In A Changing Climate: A Report From The Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment, Laura C. Bowling, Melissa Widhalm, Keith A. Cherkauer, Janna Beckerman, Sylvie Brouder, Jonathan Buzan, Otto Doering, Jeffrey Dukes, Paul Ebner, Jane Frankenburger, Benjamin Gramig, Eileen J. Kladivko, Charlotte Lee, Jeffrey Volenec, Cliff Weil

Agriculture Reports

Indiana has long been one of the nation’s leaders in agricultural productivity. Favorable temperatures and precipitation help Indiana farmers generate over $31 billion worth of sales per year, making the state 11th in total agricultural products sold.

Changes to the state’s climate over the coming decades, including increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation amounts and patterns, and rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air will result in several direct and indirect impacts to the state’s agricultural industry.

This report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment (IN CCIA) describes how projected changes in the state’s climate will affect the …

U.S. Government Aviation Safety Information Resources, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Presentation covering U.S. Government aviation safety information resources. Topics addressed include U.S. laws,legislation, regulations, court cases, information resources from agencies such as the Federal Aviation Administration, Transportation Security Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, congressional aviation oversight committees and congressional support agencies including the Congressional Budget Office, Congressional Research Service, and Government Accountability Office.

Formulation And Application Of An Economic Model Predictive Control Scheme For Thermostats, Matthew J Ellis, Anas Alanqar

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Within the last ten years, growing pressure to reduce energy consumption of buildings has led to an increased focus on the development and deployment of advanced control strategies. Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) constitutes the majority of the energy consumption of buildings. Model predictive control (MPC) has gained significant attention in HVAC control as it computes the control inputs for a given system by iteratively solving an optimal control problem on-line. The problem formulation accounts for the system operating objective and constraints. Several application studies of MPC applied to buildings have been reported in the literature. These studies have demonstrated …

Economic Sizing Of Batteries For The Smart Home, Xin Jin, Jeff Maguire, Dane Christensen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Growing rooftop photovoltaics (PV) adoption is beginning to challenge the electric power grid in some locations today. During many hours of the year, power is flowing out of PV-enabled buildings and back into grid. When this happens in many homes, the entire feeder voltage is raised significantly, which can be unsafe for grid assets and home appliances. Battery storage provides a good solution to this problem. By storing energy within the home, less energy flows back onto the grid. Scheduling a battery to charge during times a home would otherwise export energy, and discharge when it would otherwise import energy, …

An Agent-Based Control Implementation For The Optimal Coordination Of Multiple Rooftop Units, Xiaodong Hou, Yingying Xiao, Jaewan Joe, Jie Cai, Panagiota Karava, Jianghai Hu, James Braun

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Model predictive control (MPC) has been a popular advanced supervisory control approach for optimizing the operations of building heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, with the objectives of reducing energy consumption and delivering better comfort. However, centralized MPC designs are often 1) not scalable to the increasing sizes of the building systems, 2) not adaptive to subsystem addition/attrition, i.e., ‘Plug-and-Play’ implementation. Agent-based approaches, such as distributed model predictive control (DMPC), are attractive alternative. In this paper, taking a multiple rooftop units (RTU) coordination problem as a case study, we experimentally investigate the energy saving potential by implementing an agent-based DMPC …

Building Flexibility Estimation And Control For Grid Ancillary Services, Veronica Adetola, Fu Lin, Shui Yuan, Haydeen Reeve

International High Performance Buildings Conference

The increased adoption of intermittent renewable energy, such as wind and solar, onto the electrical grid is increasing the need for greater demand flexibility and the development of more advanced demand management solutions. For example, in March 2017 solar and wind set record highs in California, contributing over 49% of its power supply. Furthermore, Hawaii has committed to meeting 100% of its electrical demand from renewables by 2045. This transformation requires solutions to robustly and cost-effectively manage dynamic changes on the grid while ensuring quality of service. Advanced demand response approaches are a key way of enabling this required grid …

An Economic Model Predictive Control Framework For Distributed Embedded Battery Applications, Nishith R. Patel, James B. Rawlings, Matthew J. Ellis, Michael J. Wenzel, Robert D. Turney

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Since building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are significant consumers of primary energy, considerable efforts are being made to improve energy efficiency and decrease energy costs in these applications. Notably, substantial opportunities in the area of HVAC control exist for decreasing energy costs by shifting loads from peak periods to off-peak periods in the presence of time-varying utility prices. This load shifting is also beneficial for power companies since it results in a more constant total load allowing them to operate more efficiently. Economic model predictive control (MPC) has been shown to significantly decrease the energy costs of …

Integrated Platform For Whole Building Hvac System Automation And Simulation, Lina Yang, Yuhui Kuang, Yuan Yuan, Jinlei Ding, Yonghua Zhu

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Integrated optimal control strategies can reduce the overall building HVAC system energy consumption as well as improved air quality resulting in improved health and cognitive function for the occupants. However, it is time consuming to quantitatively evaluate the design-intended building HVAC automation system performance before on-site deployment, because: 1) the building and HVAC system design specs are in 2D or 3D drawings that require significant efforts to develop the system steady state or dynamic models based on them; 2) the building HVAC control strategies are designed and implemented in building automation (BA) system that could not smoothly connect with the …

Data Mining Of Smart Wifi Thermostats To Develop Multiple Zonal Dynamic Energy And Comfort Models Of A Residential Building, Kefan Huang, Abdulrahman Alanezi, Kevin Hallinan, Robert Lou

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Smart WiFi thermostats have gained an increasing foothold in the residential building market. The data emerging from from these thermostats is transmitted to the cloud. Companies like Nest and Emerson Climate Technologies are attempting to use this data to add value to their customers. This overarching theme establishes the foundation for this research. This research seeks to utilize WiFi data from the Emerson Climate Technologies’ Helix test house to: develop a dynamic model to predict real time cooling demand and then apply this model to running ‘what-if’ thermostat scheduling scenarios with the ultimate goal of reducing energy use in the …

A Hierarchical Model Predictive Control Approach For Battery Systems, Ranjeet Kumar, Michael J. Wenzel, Matthew J. Ellis, Mohammad N. Elbsat, Kirk H. Drees, Victor M. Zavala

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Applications in energy systems often require to simultaneously miti- gate long-term peak and short-term electricity costs. The long-term peak electricity demand cost, known as demand charge, constitutes an important component of the electricity bills for large consumption units like building campuses or manufacturing plants. This poses a challenging multiscale planning problem that should make decisions at fine timescales while mitigating long-term costs. We present a hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) approach to tackle this problem in the context of stationary battery systems. The goal is to determine the optimal charge-discharge policy for the battery to minimize the monthly demand charge. …

On The Enhanced Acoustic Design Of The Indoor Environments: Correspondence Of Perceptual Quantities Between Real And Simulated Sound Fields, Chiara Visentin, Nicola Prodi, Francesca Cappelletti, Simone Torresin, Andrea Gasparella

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In the design of indoor spaces where speech communication takes on a central role (e.g., classrooms, conference rooms…), the influence of the sound environment on the occupants’ performance needs to be addressed. In order to guarantee a comfortable communication experience, the acoustic design of such spaces have to ensure, beside a high percentage of correctly heard words (i.e., intelligibility), also a minimal effort in the speech reception process. An effortful listening, as produced for instance by the presence of background noise and/or reverberation, requires the involvement of an increased amount of cognitive resources, and, if sustained over a prolonged period …

Energy Optimization Of An In-Service Commercial Building Chiller Plant Via Extremum Seeking Control, Hoang Dung Vu, Bryan David Keating, Andrew George Alleyne, Kok Soon Chai, Zhenjie Zhang

International High Performance Buildings Conference

In the last 30 years, research into energy optimization via supervisory control of building chiller plants has yielded promising approaches ranging from detailed physics model based optimization to data based or model free optimization. In general, while physics based models tend to require domain expertise and significant calibration effort for implementation, data based and model free approaches require less calibration effort but may be risky to implement due to concerns about robustness to normal variations in environmental conditions and changes to the number of chillers in operation. This paper focuses on rigorous experimental evaluation and verification of model free extremum …

Towards Real Mpc Implementation In An Office Building Using Taco, Filip Jorissen, Damien Picard, Iago Cupeiro Figueroa, Wim Boydens, Lieve Helsen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising alternative to rule-based control since it is more suitable to control increasingly complex buildings and thereby realising energy savings and comfort improvement. Practical implementations are however hampered by the complexity of MPC and the expertise required for developing MPC. Therefore, a toolchain for automated control and optimization (TACO) has been developed that automatically translates an object-oriented Modelica model into an efficient MPC code. Since object-oriented models from the Modelica IDEAS library are used, the expertise requirement and development time are reduced significantly. TACO has, however, not yet been applied to a real building …

A Python-Based Toolbox For Model Predictive Control Applied To Buildings, Javier Arroyo, Bram Van Der Heijde, Alfred Spiessens, Lieve Helsen

International High Performance Buildings Conference

A PYTHON-BASED TOOLBOX FOR MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO BUILDINGS Javier Arroyoa,b, Bram van der Heijdea,b,c, Lieve Helsena,b, Alfred Spiessensb,c a University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Leuven, Belgium b EnergyVille, Thor Park, Waterschei, Belgium c VITO NV, Boeretang 200, Mol, Belgium The use of Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Building Management Systems (BMS) has proven to outperform the traditional Rule-Based Controllers (RBC). These optimal controllers are able to minimize the energy use within buildings by taking into account the weather forecast and occupancy profiles. To this end, they anticipate the dynamic behaviour based on a mathematical …

A Study Of Virtual Energy Storage From Thermostatically Controlled Loads Under Time-Varying Weather Conditions, Austin Robert Coffman, Ana Bušić, Prabir Barooah

International High Performance Buildings Conference

We study the problem of coordination of a collection of on/off thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) to act as a “virtual battery”. Virtual Energy Storage (VES) is provided by the collection by either consuming more (charging) or less (discharging) power than the baseline. VES can be an inexpensive alternative to batteries when a large share of the electricity comes from volatile sources such as solar and wind. The level of charging or discharging is dictated by an exogenous power reference signal provided by a balancing authority. In practice, there are many challenges for successful implementation of a virtual battery from a …

Optimization Method For The Chiller Plant Of Central Air-Conditioning System Parameters On Association Rules Analysis For Energy Conservation, Xuan Zhou, Bingwen Wang, Liequan Liang, Junwei Yan, Dongmei Pan

International High Performance Buildings Conference

More than 50% of the total energy consumption of central air-conditioning system is consumed by the central cooling plants. It is crucial to optimize central cooling plants operation parameter settings which is also significant for improving its operating efficiency, reducing the energy consumption, and promoting the overall energy saving of air-conditioning systems. The regular methods of central cooling plants optimization can be divided into three categories: engineering method, mechanism modeling and artificial intelligence modeling. In recent years, with the development of the internet of things, the monitoring and control platform for air-conditioning system provides data mining with mass ground truth …

Large Scale Optimization Problems For Central Energy Facilities With Distributed Energy Storage, Michael J. Wenzel, Mohammad N. Elbsat, Matthew J. Ellis, Matthew J. Asmus, Andrew J. Przybylski, Ryan Baumgartner, John H. Burroughs, Graeme Willmott, Kirk H. Drees, Robert D. Turney

International High Performance Buildings Conference

On large campuses, energy facilities are used to serve the heating and cooling needs of all the buildings, while utilizing cost savings strategies to manage operational cost. Strategies range from shifting loads to participating in utility programs that offer payouts. Among available strategies are central plant optimization, electrical energy storage, participation in utility demand response programs, and manipulating the temperature setpoints in the campus buildings. However, simultaneously optimizing all of the central plant assets, temperature setpoints and participation in utility programs can be a daunting task even for a powerful computer if the desire is real time control. These strategies …

Experimental On-Site Performance And Numerical Analysis Of A Mini Exhaust Air Heat Pump Integrated Into A Low Energy Detached House, Ransy Frédéric, Sartor Kevin, Gendebien Samuel, Lemort Vincent

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Nowadays, the building sector accounts for 40 % of the total EU energy consumption. In that context, the construction sector is today on a critical path to help decarbonize the European economy by 2050. For this purpose, sustainable cooling and heating technologies may be developed and on-site measurements may confirm the performance measured under laboratory conditions. This paper presents the on-site performance of a mini exhaust air heat pump integrated into a low energy detached house situated in Belgium. The system consists of five components: a simple exhaust ventilation system, an exhaust air heat pump, a backup electrical resistance for …

Preliminary Assessment Of A Weather Forecast Tool For Building Operation, José Agustín Candanedo, Jean-Marc Hardy, Étienne Saloux, Radu Platon, Vahid Raissi-Dehkordi, Alexandre Côté

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Although the potential of model predictive control (MPC) for the operation of buildings is widely recognized, as of today its adoption has been rather limited. This is partly due to the lack of user-friendly software tools for MPC, such as tools to facilitate the incorporation of forecast information in building automation systems. In view of this, CanmetENERGY, a research centre of Natural Resources Canada, has developed CanMETEO, a software tool free of charge aimed at obtaining weather forecast data and make it available in a useful and practical format for building operators. CanMETEO, which was released officially in August 2017, …

Identifying Peer Groups In A Multifamily Residential Building For Eco-Feedback Design, Sang Woo Ham, Panagiota Karava

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Most residential energy saving strategies require occupants’ participation because they control building and mechanical systems and pay their utility in general. One effective way to increase their participation is to motivate them to change their behaviors by providing relevant information and benefits in their interests. This paper presents baseline energy consumption characteristics in a multifamily housing for eco-feedback design. Although previous studies have proven the energy savings of eco-feedback and smart technology, the results were often mixed or weak because the building, mechanical, geographical, and demographical characteristics were different among houses to make a solid comparison, and the collection of …

A New Control Framework For The Visual Environment Based On Low-Cost Hdr Luminance Acquisition, Michael Kim, Iason Konstantzos, Athanasios Tzempelikos

International High Performance Buildings Conference

This study introduces a new control framework, based on a low-cost programmable luminance acquisition (HDR) sensor placed on the interior surface of the window. The new sensor, photometrically and geometrically calibrated, can capture luminance and geometry details of potential glare sources within its entire visual span in real time, while also providing feedback about transmitted illuminance. Real-time processing of the sensor data enables an alternate, low-cost glare sensing system that can be directly used in daylighting controls and building automation systems. This novel framework is the first proposed solution to address direct and reflective glare in a straightforward and efficient …

Critical Opportunity Areas For Building Performance, Domenique Lumpkin, Joseph Sinfield, Travis Horton

International High Performance Buildings Conference

Green buildings are a proposed holistic solution to reduce energy consumption while simultaneously improving an array of factors affecting the indoor quality of life for building occupants. However, green building performance varies and may not achieve intended design goals. Research has concluded that no single factor determines the actual energy performance of buildings. To deliver energy-efficient buildings an integrated design that considers climate, technology, operation and maintenance and occupant behavior should be implemented. This work aimed to employ a holistic lens to relate human-building interaction and building performance characteristics. Specifically, systems theory and complex-problem solving techniques were employed to capture …

Occupant Behavior Driven Buildings-To-Grid Integration Framework For Large Commercial Buildings, Zhaoxuan Li, Bing Dong, Hannah Fontenot

International High Performance Buildings Conference

This paper proposes and develops an occupancy-based control and optimization framework for reducing energy consumption and cost within the context of Buildings-to-Grid (BtG) integration. A mathematical framework of large-scale integration, control and optimization of solar powered buildings with battery energy storage system and the grid is proposed and demonstrated. Building MPC formulations are designed based on appropriately linearized large commercial building conditioning and battery system models. A high-level linearized grid distribution network is also developed via IEEE standard grid systems with 9, 14, and 30 buses. The final decentralized utility-scale BtG integrations with battery storages, photovoltaics generations, different grid systems, …

Modelica Household Dishwater Model With External Heat Loop, Stephen L. Caskey, Eckhard A. Groll

International High Performance Buildings Conference

With the United States being the world’s second largest consumer of primary energy, research into areas of significant consumption can provide large impacts in terms of the global energy consumption. Buildings account for 41% of U.S. total energy consumption with the residential sector making up a majority. Household appliances account for the second largest site energy consumption at 27%, after the HVAC system for the U.S. residential sector. Thermally integrating residential appliances by leveraging waste heat recovery goes outside U.S. federal standards and has not been adequately explored by connecting all residential appliances. Limited studies exist focused only on single …

Applying User Experience (Ux) Principles To Net Zero Energy Buildings, Megan M Switzer, William Hutzel, Hazar Dib, Jason Ostanek

International High Performance Buildings Conference

As buildings have become more complex, interpreting building performance becomes challenging. A Building Automation System (BAS) has hundreds of data points that monitor performance but the data is frequently under-utilized. Over 20% of a building’s energy is wasted through energy inefficiencies that go undetected. Building controls are not going to get easier, but methods are being developed to simplify monitoring building performance. An Energy Dashboard is a graphic interface for a BAS that simplifies the monitoring and control of a building. An energy dashboard automatically tracks building energy use to help detect overconsumption patterns or malfunctioning equipment. Energy dashboards allow …