Digital Commons Network^™

A Concept Of Controlling Grover Diffusion Operator: A New Approach To Solve Arbitrary Boolean-Based Problems, Ali Al-Bayaty, Marek A. Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A controlled-diffusion operator for Boolean oracles is designed as a new approach for Grover’s algorithm to search for solutions for arbitrary logical structures of such oracles, since the Grover diffusion operator is not able to find correct solutions for some logical structures of Boolean oracles. We also show that the Phase oracles do not work sometimes correctly using the Grover diffusion operator. Our proposed controlled-diffusion operator relies on the states of output qubit, as the reflection of Boolean decisions from a Boolean oracle without relying on the phase kickback. We prove that on many examples of Boolean and Phase oracles …

The Carbon Crater: Comparing Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions To Historical Planetary Events, Hal T. Nelson, Paul Reynolds, Brian W. Jewett

Public Administration Faculty Publications and Presentations

Equilibrium climate sensitivity modeling relies heavily on paleoclimate records that were affected by meteorite impacts and volcanic explosions. This paper conducts a thought experiment by re-assembling known data and theories to shed new light on anthropogenic carbon waste. Anthropogenic activity, meteorite impacts and volcanic explosions all extract material from the Earth’s crust and deposit it in the atmosphere. This thought experiment tests if the mass of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from 1851 to 2021 is comparable to the mass of atmospheric emissions from historical planetary events. Approximately 3.60 trillion tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalents are converted into volume and …

The Impacts Of A Multimodal Safety Project On North Lombard Street In Portland, Oregon, Jason Anderson

PSU Transportation Seminars

North Lombard Street/US-30 Bypass is a critical corridor in North Portland, serving both commercial and residential interests. This corridor is also ranked 11th in terms of fatal and serious injury crashes in Portland. The Oregon Department of Transportation and the Portland Bureau of Transportation undertook a reconfiguration to improve multimodal safety and accessibility for all users. The reconfiguration happened between North Fiske Ave and North Boston Ave. Improvements included additional curb ramps that meet ADA standards, safer crosswalks with fewer lanes to cross, buffered bike lanes, new pavement and center turn lanes, traffic signals, and RRFBs and median refuge islands. …

Characterizing The Influence Of Metabolism On Steady State Water Exchange In Yeast As A Potential Mri Diagnostic Biomarker, Samantha Mumford

Dissertations and Theses

Under conditions of ionic equilibrium with the environment a cell maintains a constant volume yet rapidly exchanges water molecules with the extracellular space. The rate constant for steady state water efflux, k_io, can be measured using contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (CE-MR). The active water cycling (AWC) hypothesis is puts forward that k_io is primarily influenced by cellular ATP levels and H⁺ ATPase activity at the cell membrane. Due to the correlation between k_io and ATP levels, k_io is thought to be a probable MRI biomarker for metabolic diseases such as cancer. Yet, the molecular …

Win Your Race Goal: A Generalized Approach To Prediction Of Running Performance., Sandhyarani Dash

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We introduce a novel approach for predicting running performance, designed to apply across a wide range of race distances (from marathons to ultras), elevation gains, and runner types (front-pack to back of the pack). To achieve this, the entire running logs of 15 runners, encompassing a total of 15,686 runs, were analyzed using two approaches: (1) regression and (2) time series regression (TSR). First, the prediction accuracy of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network was compared using both approaches. The regression approach demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 89.13% in contrast, the TSR approach reached an accuracy of 85.21%. …

Faculty Senate Monthly Packet October 2024, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Monthly Packets

The October 7, 2024 monthly packet includes the October agenda, appendices, and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held October 7, 2024.

Exploring Teacher Perspectives Of Stem Outreach Sessions, Jennifer M. Jakobi, Rebecca Mccullough, Sabre Cherkowski, Haizley Trevor-Smith

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

Teachers have a responsibility to create and foster engaging learning environments which encourage underrepresented persons in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Outreach programs have been shown to increase STEM engagement of students. We use a positive psychology lens to investigate STEM outreach and teacher wellbeing. This exploratory study uses a survey and focus group to assess how a STEM outreach program can create teacher feelings of support, confidence, and enjoyment. Results demonstrate that most teachers felt more confident in teaching STEM following the STEM-mentor facilitated outreach sessions. The positive benefits to teacher wellbeing from outreach program mentorship, is discussed.

Transportation Decarbonization: A State Perspective, Tara Weidner

PSU Transportation Seminars

Oregon continues to be a leader in Transportation Decarbonization efforts nationally. The webinar will outline the state’s transportation GHG reduction roadmap, developed in 2012 to tackle legislatively mandated GHG reduction goals, with associated GHG targets for the state’s 8 metropolitan areas. Learn how this north star has guided our collective efforts within the state. How monitoring and new initiatives and regulations have kept us on course to these ambitious goals. And what actions remain to close the gap, both systematic changes at state and local levels, as well as individual choices by private firms and households. Actions that will both …

The Hydraulically Smooth Limit Of Flow Over Surfaces With Spanwise Heterogeneity, Haosen Xu, George Ilhwan Park, Xiang Yang, Xiaowei Zhu

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Wall slip is conventionally obtained through riblets or grooves. As riblets are macroscopic objects, it is usually not practical to discuss slip patterns at the hydraulically smooth limit. Per Nikuradse, the smooth limit is when the characteristic length of the surface pattern is comparable to the viscous length scale. Recent studies show the possibility of slip at the microscopic scale, making slip patterns at the hydraulically smooth limit relevant. In this study, we leverage a high-fidelity pseudo-spectral code and study flow over surfaces featuring alternating strips of slip and no-slip wall conditions. The wavelength of the surface pattern, denoted as …

Bht-Qaoa: The Generalization Of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm To Solve Arbitrary Boolean Problems As Hamiltonians, Ali Al-Bayaty, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

A new methodology is introduced to solve classical Boolean problems as Hamiltonians, using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). This methodology is termed the “Boolean-Hamiltonians Transform for QAOA” (BHT-QAOA). Because a great deal of research and studies are mainly focused on solving combinatorial optimization problems using QAOA, the BHTQAOA adds an additional capability to QAOA to find all optimized approximated solutions for Boolean problems, by transforming such problems from Boolean oracles (in different structures) into Phase oracles, and then into the Hamiltonians of QAOA. From such a transformation, we noticed that the total utilized numbers of qubits and quantum gates …

Characterization Of A Carbon Fiber Based Broadband Microwave Absorber, Ha Tran, Branimir Pejcinovic, Robert Doneker, Kent Thompson, Adithya Ramachandran

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper reports the development and characterization of a novel ultra-wideband microwave absorber material (MAM) based on vertically aligned carbon fibers and ferrite beads. This specific material combination and manufacturing process allows MAM design that is thin, lightweight, and broadband. The material is prepared using a flocking process in which its components are electrostatically deposited on top of an adhesive substrate. Distinct material properties of the substrate and materials layers require characterization done with two separated layers. The microwave absorption characteristics are studied first by rectangular waveguide measurements at X and Ku bands that yield complex electric permittivity and magnetic …

Holistic Methodologies For Fusing The Material And The Ideological: Tracing The Sociotechnical Imaginaries That Enable The World’S Fastest Supercomputer, Sarah Read, Jordan Firth

English Faculty Publications and Presentations

When the Aurora supercomputer launches at Argonne National Laboratory it will operate at the exascale and be one of the fastest supercomputers in the world. We have been invited by Argonne to do field work to understand both the day-to-day processes that maintain supercomputing (e.g. user documentation, government reporting, user testing) and the sociotechnical national imaginaries [11], –in particular the increasingly tense global competition between the US and China in the supercomputing race–that shaped the development of Aurora. This article proposes our work-in-progress methodological approach that accounts for both higher-level imaginaries and the everyday practices of supercomputing. We also describe …

H2d: Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Learning Framework For Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction, Ran Zhang, Xuezhi Wang, Sheng Wang, Kunpeng Liu, Yuanchun Zhou, Pengfei Wang

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Accurately predicting Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) is critical to designing effective drug combination therapies. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered DDI prediction approaches have emerged as a new paradigm. However, most existing methods oversimplify the complex hierarchical structure within molecules and overlook the multi-source heterogeneous information external to molecules, limiting their modeling and predictive capabilities. To address this, we propose a Hierarchical Heterogeneous graph learning framework for DDI prediction, namely H2D. H2D employs an internal-toexternal, local-to-global hierarchical perspective, exploiting intramolecular multi-granularity structures and inter-molecular biomedical interactions to mutually enhance across hierarchical levels. Extensive experimental results demonstrate H2D’s effectiveness on three …

Tabular Data-Centric Ai: Challenges, Techniques And Future Perspectives, Yanjie Fu, Dongjie Wang, Hui Xiong, Kunpeng Liu

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tabular data are the most widely used data formats in almost every application domain, such as, biology, ecology, and material science. The purpose of tabular data-centric AI is to use AI to augment the predictive power of tabular data to get better AI. Tabular data-centric AI is essential because it can reconstruct distance measures, reshape discriminative patterns, and improve data AI readiness (structural, predictive, interaction, and expression levels), which is significant in industries and real-world deployments. Therefore, our tutorial is designed to capture the interest of professionals with expertise in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data mining, as well as …

The Sphere Of Exposure: Centering User Experience In Community Science Air Monitoring, Marisa Westbrook, Valentina Serrano-Salomón, Jay Pecenka, Sumit Sankhyan, Aniya K. Hollo, Shelly L. Miller, Esther Sullivan

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Community science has increased in popularity in communities where residents hope to investigate the relationship between environmental issues and personal health. This study partnered with neighborhoods in the most polluted residential zip code in the US to conduct community science air quality monitoring. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews after two monitoring deployments to understand participants’ subjective experiences of pollution exposure, their engagement with low-cost air quality monitors, and their data interpretation. We utilize the environmental health concept ‘exposure experience’ to analyze how participants use personal monitors, understand their data, and reinterpret their pollution exposure as a result. We further explore …

The Water-Climate Nexus: Intersections Across Sectors, Thushara Gunda, Alida A. Cantor, Emily Grubert, Angela R. Harris, Yolanda J. Mcdonald

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

Water security and climate change are important priorities for communities and regions worldwide. The intersections between water and climate change extend across many environmental and human activities. This Primer is intended as an introduction, grounded in examples, for students and others considering the interactions between climate, water, and society. In this Primer, we summarize key intersections between water and climate across four sectors: environment; drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene; food and agriculture; and energy. We begin with an overview of the fundamental water dynamics within each of these four sectors, and then discuss how climate change is impacting water and …

Exploring The Relationship Between Covid-19 Transmission And Population Mobility Over Time, Tanmoy Bhowmik, Naveen Eluru

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explores the dynamic relationship between COVID-19 transmission and transportation mobility, with an emphasis on understanding the time-varying bidirectional interplay across the different phases of the pandemic. To gain insight into this relationship, we analyzed county-level data on transmission and mobility patterns from the United States over a 74-week period using a comprehensive list of factors including: temporal factors, socio-demographics, health indicators, health care infrastructure attributes, and spatial factors. For our analysis, we proposed a simultaneous econometric model system that explicitly accounts for the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 transmission and mobility patterns while also accounting for the influence of …

Flexible Load Conformance: A Work-In-Progress White Paper, Dana Paresa, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Utilities have used residential loads for providing grid services to utility customers for decades, particularly for demand response. However, the number of customers participating in such programs remains low. New Flexible Load Management strategies for providing grid services have the potential to accelerate customer participation. Efforts to improve customer participation and experience will result in increased load balancing capacity of demand response, which will benefit both customers and electric utilities. This white paper investigates whether current smart grid devices (specifically water heaters) can provide needed services while meeting ANSI/CTA-2045 standard requirements.

Improved Parameters Of Anand Model And Advanced Fea Technique For Low-Cycle Fatigue Life: Finite Element Analysis Models For Pb-Free Solder And Pb Solder In Real Life Ball Gird Ally Package, Hamidreza Nahavandi

Dissertations and Theses

The present study uses the finite element method to evaluate the fatigue life of solder joints of plastic ball grid array packages (PBGA) under thermal-cycling conditions. A Series of precise 3D FE models for solder joints of plastic ball grid array packages is created to improve reliability prediction accuracy. Damage parameters are obtained from the FEA results and used to estimate solder balls’ thermal fatigue life. The Coffin-Manson equation is employed. The predicted thermal fatigue lives are discussed in detail.

Due to marketing and legislative pressures, Pb-free solder is fast becoming a reality in electronic manufacturing. The industry has concluded …

Strategies To Mitigate Electrostatic Charging During Coffee Grinding, Joshua Méndez Harper, Robin E. Bumbaugh, Christopher H. Hendon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Summary: Coffee grinding generates electrostatically charged particles, causing clumping, spark discharge, and beyond. When brewing, the particle aggregates affect liquid-solid surface accessibility, leading to variable extraction quality. Here, we study four charge mitigation strategies. De-electrification is readily achieved by adding small amounts of water to whole beans or by bombarding the grounds with ions produced from a high-voltage ionizer. While these techniques helped reduce visible mess, only water inclusion was found to impact coffee extracts prepared as espresso. Wetting whole beans with less than 0.05 mL/g resulted in a marked shift in particle size distribution, by preventing clump formation and …

2024 Summer Proceedings Teuscher Lab, Teuscher Group, Christof Teuscher, Chelsea Ogbede, Lauren Sanday, Sofia Vargas, Artem Arefev

altREU Projects

How will computation evolve in the coming years? What problems can be tackled using artificial intelligence, in a world increasingly driven by data? And how can that data be used to better inform our decisions as a society? In this unique collection of research projects, each chapter represents a distinct work undertaken by a single individual or a group of students as part of the altREU program led by Christof Teuscher. The projects, rooted in applications of artificial intelligence and innovative computation techniques, examine impactful solutions to numerous pressing challenges affecting communities around the world.

Regiongrow3d: A Deterministic Analysis For Characterizing Discrete Three-Dimensional Landslide Source Areas On A Regional Scale, Nicolas W. Mathews, Ben A. Leshchinsky, Benjamin B. Mirus, Michael J. Olsen, Adam M. Booth

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Regional-scale characterization of shallow landslide hazards is important for reducing their destructive impact on society. These hazards are commonly characterized by (a) their location and likelihood using susceptibility maps, (b) landslide size and frequency using geomorphic scaling laws, and (c) the magnitude of disturbance required to cause landslides using initiation thresholds. Typically, this is accomplished through the use of inventories documenting the locations and triggering conditions of previous landslides. In the absence of comprehensive landslide inventories, physics-based slope stability models can be used to estimate landslide initiation potential and provide plausible distributions of landslide characteristics for a range of environmental …

A Systematic Unified Approach For Addressing Temporal Instability In Road Safety Analysis, Kazi Redwan Shabab, Tanmoy Bhowmik, Mohamed H. Zaki, Naveen Eluru

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Multivariate models are widely employed for crash frequency analysis in traffic safety literature. In the context of analyzing data for multiple instances (such as years), it becomes essential to evaluate the stability of parameters over time. The current research proposes a novel approach, labelled the mixed spline indicator pooled model, that offers significant enhancement relative to current approaches employed for capturing temporal instability. The proposed approach entails carefully creating independent variables that allow us to measure parameter slope changes over time and can be easily integrated into existing methodological frameworks. The current research effort compares four multivariate model systems: year …

Machine Learning Framework For Predicting Reliability Of Solder Joints, Robert Lee Jones

Dissertations and Theses

This paper presents the techniques and framework to produce an explainable machine learning model for predicting the reliability of solder joints exposed to thermal cycle testing. While machine learning techniques have become prevalent for many engineering and data analysis tasks, the complexity of the model occludes valuable information which can be used to refine the data, tune model parameters, and aid in scientific discovery. By exposing the relationships within the model, users can have greater confidence in the use and employment of it. The purpose of this study is to show how useful relationships can be obtained from a traditional …

Single-Stage Three-Phase Buck-Boost Dc/Ac Converter Design, Analysis, And Validation, Daisy Delgado-Zaragoza

Dissertations and Theses

Three-phase DC/AC power converters enable several applications including photovoltaic systems, electric traction inverters, uninterruptible power supplies, and utility systems. The classical three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) topology only operates in voltage step-down or buck mode of operation. Increasing number of applications including transformer-less photovoltaic systems, battery cells, fuel cells, and traction motors require a wide range of input and output voltage range. Therefore, a DC/AC power converter topology capable of voltage buck and boost operation will enable wider operating range resulting in efficient and higher performance system designs. This thesis presents a single-stage bidirectional power flow DC/AC inverter topology capable …

Application Of Participatory Process Mapping To Evaluate Environmental Decision-Making And Implementation, Karissa Courtney, Emily Rabung, Jennifer Brousseau, Antony S. Cheng, A. Paige Fischer, Harrison Fried, Matthew Hamilton, Federico Holm, Jordan Inskeep, Max Nielsen-Pincus, Multiple Additional Authors

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Environmental governance outcomes hinge on the design and implementation of management decisions. Yet, available research methodologies can be limited in their ability to capture the complexity of decision-making and implementation processes and in turn predict and explain environmental governance outcomes. We present participatory process mapping as a method for examining the pathways that emerge and evolve over time that result in natural resource management decisions and on-the-ground outcomes, as perceived by participants in collaborative processes. The approach leverages a large-N comparative design, participatory diagraming within semi-structured interviews, and mental modeling toward a method that can fit into both quantitative and …

An Evaluation Of Sediment Transport In The Columbia River Basin: Before And After System-Wide Flow Regulation, Patrick Alan Haluska

Dissertations and Theses

Erosion and sediment transport are ubiquitous in every riverine ecosystem. Aquatic habitat eroded and sediment removal for infrastructure require deposition of upstream material to maintain morphodynamic equilibrium. A large percentage of total sediment transport occurs during relatively brief high flow events throughout the water-year. Dams are known to modify the ability for streams to freely transport sediment. Depending on the river size and dam type, downstream movement of sediment can be inhibited or completely eliminated. On the Columbia River, 14 dams are situated between the tidal-zone to the headwaters in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The main uses of the dams …

Thermal Regimes Of Beaver Impacted Stream Reaches In The Tualatin River Basin, Miles Mayer

Dissertations and Theses

Climate change and urbanization are expected to cause major changes to hydrologic regimes over the Pacific Northwest Region. The Tualatin River Basin, an area of the Pacific Northwest just west of Portland, OR has been subjected to considerable water-quality issues, including stream temperature. As ecosystem engineers, beavers have the potential to mitigate stream degradation and, consequently, there is increasing interest in beaver-related restoration. However, different conclusions have been found on beaver dam impacts to stream thermal regimes. These differences have been attributed to geographical differences in study location and variability in methods and investigated spatiotemporal scales. We investigated summer thermal …

How Can Dei Training Change The Culture Of An Organization To Achieve Belonging And Retain Diverse Employees?, Kaisa S. Holt

University Honors Theses

Studies show the need for innovation and higher productivity yields can be best achieved through workforce heterogeneity. Creating effective DEI training frameworks is crucial for belonging, sustainable social well-being and enacting real change. This is key to proactively shifting our current system from one that responds to the need for DEI on a surface level to something that is regenerative. The aim of this review is to evaluate characteristics and enhancements added to evidence-based DEI training between 2020 and 2024. Studies were identified using the Portland State advanced database of academic journals on the DEI training and impacts of the …

A Configurable Real-Time Event Detection Framework For Power Systems Using Swarm Intelligence Optimization, Umar Farooq, Midrar Adham, Mohammed Alsaid, Robert B. Bass

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Power system balancing authorities are routinely affected by sudden frequency fluctuations. These frequency events can take the form of negligible frequency deviations or more severe emergencies that can precipitate cascading outages, depending on the severity of the disturbance and efficacy of remedial action schema. It is imperative to arrest such disturbances quickly by activating primary frequency control measures. This manuscript proposes a configurable event detection framework using optimization methods to tune a detection algorithm to detect events as specified by experts from a Balancing Authority. The utility of the detection framework is demonstrated using a regression-based frequency event detection algorithm …