Digital Commons Network^™

Drinking On A Work Night: A Comparison Of Day And Person-Level Associations With Workplace Outcomes, Brittnie Renae Shepherd

Dissertations and Theses

Alcohol use and misuse is costly for U.S. employers, primarily due to health care expenses and lost work productivity. Despite high costs for organizations, employee alcohol use is understudied within the organizational literature. The scant research conducted largely utilized cross-sectional designs examining differences across individuals, despite prevailing theoretical frameworks describing primarily within-person processes. This study examined the simultaneous within-person and between-person relationships between employee alcohol use and work and well-being outcomes. The separation and comparison of within-person and between-person effects is essential for the evaluation of key theoretical frameworks around employee alcohol use. Additionally, this study investigates one mechanism (i.e., …

"What About The Men? Investigating Alcohol Consumption, Masculinities, And Risky Sex In Peri-Urban Eswatini, Aaron Jackson Levine

Dissertations and Theses

This study focuses on the narratives Swazi men create around drinking, masculinity, and sexual behavior. Alcohol myopia theory, motivational-expectation theory of drinking, and Connell's theory of masculinities were used to create research that details how alcohol and the cultural environment of gendered social drinking intertwine and interact with each other to form the gender structure of eSwatini. Twenty Swazi men were sampled by convenience, given semi-structured interviews, and questioned about their perceived and internal reasoning for the drinking of themselves and others, the observed drinking behaviors of others, their own drinking behaviors, how they viewed women in and accepted women …

Moving Beyond ‘Therapy’ And ‘Enhancement’ In The Ethics Of Gene Editing, Bryan Cwik

Philosophy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since the advent of recombinant DNA technology, expectations (and trepidations) about the potential for altering genes and controlling our biology at the fundamental level have been sky high. These expectations have gone largely unfulfilled. But though the dream (or nightmare) of being able to control our biology is still far off, gene editing research has made enormous strides toward potential clinical use. This paper argues that when it comes to determining permissible uses of gene editing in one important medical context—germline intervention in reproductive medicine—issues about enhancement and eugenics are, for the foreseeable future, a red herring. Current translational goals …

Correlates Of Same-Sex Behavior Disclosure To Health Care Providers Among Black Msm In The United States: Implications For Hiv Prevention, Christina J. Sun, Karin Tobin, Pilgrim Spikes, Carl Latkin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Disclosure of same-sex behavior to health care providers (HCPs) by men who have sex with men (MSM) has been argued to be an important aspect of HIV prevention. However, Black MSM are less likely to disclose compared to white MSM. This analysis of data collected in the United States from 2006–2009 identified individual and social network characteristics of Black MSM (n = 226) that are associated with disclosure that may be leveraged to increase disclosure. Over two-thirds (68.1%) of the sample had ever disclosed to HCPs. Part-time employment (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11–0.95), bisexual identity (AOR = …

Factors Influencing The Use Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Autistic Adults: A Survey Of Community Mental Health Clinicians, Brenna B. Maddox, Samantha Crabbe, Jessica Fishman, Rinad S. Beidas, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Judith Miller, Christina Nicolaidis, David Mandell

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) can improve anxiety and depression in autistic adults, but few autistic adults receive this treatment. We examined factors that may influence clinicians’ use of CBT with autistic adults. One hundred clinicians completed an online survey. Clinicians reported stronger intentions (p = .001), more favorable attitudes (p < .001), greater normative pressure (p < .001), and higher self-efficacy (p < .001) to start CBT with non-autistic adults than with autistic adults. The only significant predictor of intentions to begin CBT with clients with anxiety or depression was clinicians’ attitudes (p < .001), with more favorable attitudes predicting stronger intentions. These findings are valuable for designing effective, tailored implementation strategies to increase clinicians’ adoption of CBT for autistic adults.

Autistic adults have high rates of anxiety and depression (Buck et al. 2014; Croen et al. 2015), and often do not receive quality mental healthcare for these or other co-occurring conditions (Maddox et al. 2019; Roux et al. 2015; Shattuck et al. …

The Effects Of Sleep On Workplace Cognitive Failure And Safety, Rebecca M. Brossoit, Tori L. Crain, Jordyn J. Leslie, Leslie B. Hammer, Donald M. Truxillo, Todd E. Bodner

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Healthy employee sleep is important for occupational safety, but the mechanisms that explain the relationships among sleep and safety-related behaviors remain unknown. We draw from Crain, Brossoit, and Fisher's (in press) work, nonwork, and sleep (WNS) framework and Barnes' (2012) model of sleep and self-regulation in organizations to investigate the influence of construction workers' self-reported sleep quantity (i.e., duration) and quality (i.e., feeling well-rest upon awakening, ability to fall asleep and remain asleep) on workplace cognitive failures (i.e., lapses in attention, memory, and action at work) and subsequent workplace safety behaviors (i.e., safety compliance and safety participation) and reports of …

Planning For Multiple Shopping Goals In The Marketplace, Jacob Suher, Szu-Chi Huang, Leonard Lee

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Four online grocery‐shopping experiments and one field study using video‐tracking technology at a grocery store document how shoppers’ motivation evolves from the beginning to the end of their shopping trips. We uncover unique motivational patterns as shoppers achieve multiple subgoals (i.e., choose multiple grocery items) to complete their trips: a monotonic decrease in motivation for shoppers with a shopping list versus a curvilinear trend (i.e., decrease then increase) in motivation for shoppers without a list. In addition, we demonstrate how to reverse the observed patterns for shoppers with a list by changing their reference points for tracking progress. The discovery …

Interrogating The Construction And Representations Of Criminalized Women In The Academic Social Work Literature: A Critical Discourse Analysis, Sandra Marie Leotti

Dissertations and Theses

In the United States today, there are 2.3 million people behind bars in jails and prisons. Mass incarceration has swept up the United States to such a degree that we are known globally for holding more people in correctional facilities than any other country in the world. Although women have always, and still do, reflect a smaller proportion of the correctional population, over the last 40 years, their rates of criminalization and imprisonment have far outpaced that of men's. Drastic increases in the criminalization of women are intimately connected to the entrenchment of social disadvantage enabled under neoliberal globalization. Neoliberal …

Situational Context Of Police Use Of Deadly Force: A Comparison Of Black And White Subjects Of Fatal Police Shootings, Shana Lynn Meaney Ruess

Dissertations and Theses

Police use of deadly force is an understudied yet deeply important issue in our society. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in public concern over use of deadly force, particularly when that force is used against people of color. Due to the relative low frequency of deadly force incidents, little is known about when such force is used, or who it is used on. Recent studies have found a racial disparity between white and black subjects of deadly force, with black subjects significantly over represented as a proportion of the population. This study further expands our understanding of police …

Closure Or Censure? Examining The Determinants Of Disclosure Of Sexual Assault Among College Students, Whitney Head-Burgess

Dissertations and Theses

Sexual assault is an ongoing problem on college campuses, with some projections indicating that one in four college women has experienced some sexual coercion or assault during her time at university. Recent national policy has strove to address the problem through legislation like the 2013 Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act. Nonetheless, the crime remains the most underreported in the nation despite policy and law which explicitly defines what constitutes sexual assault. However, most victims of sexual assault will disclose what happened to someone else, even if they choose not to report.

This research examines sexual assault disclosure practices on a …

An Evaluation Of Clackamas County's Transition Center Using Propensity Score Modeling, Alicia De Jong Mckay

Dissertations and Theses

Part of the purpose of Justice Reinvestment Initiatives (JRIs) involve a focus of funds and effort toward implementing practices that increase the chances of successful reintegration of people recently released from incarceration. Similar to other jurisdictions, Oregon's JRI has taken a number of forms of reintegrative efforts. In 2016, JRI funding opened a services hub and reintegration/reentry center in a rural county. The Center offers a central location for reentry services, such as employment and housing assistance, but is not a requirement of an offender's supervision. Relying on the risk-need-responsivity framework, this program aims to reduce recidivism by mitigating barriers …

Gender And The Voir Dire Process, Tasha Ann Lane

Dissertations and Theses

The jury selection process (also known as voir dire) has been examined previously in many ways, including racial impacts. Previous research suggests the need for more examination of how and if gender impacts the voir dire process. The lack of knowledge about how gender impacts voir dire might also have implications for public respect and trust in the court system. For example, theories of procedural justice suggest that individual experiences with the legal system affect whether they view the entire legal system as being legitimate. This is important because this perception then impacts how the public interact with the system. …

Fuse: People With Frequent Utilization Of Public Services In Clackamas County, Oregon: Potential Service Enhancements, Karen Cellarius, Marisa Zapata, Eric Einspruch, Cameron Mulder, Thuan Duong, Aliza Tuttle

Homelessness Research & Action Collaborative Publications and Presentations

The goal of this study was to answer five very specific questions about individuals with high service utilization and the systems that serve them. The data for this study comes from administrative system data, informational conversations and meetings with community partners, formal interviews with service providers, and interviews with consumers with frequent service utilization.

Limitations: The rates of mental illness, addiction and homelessness are likely to be higher than they appear in this report due to the way these characteristics were gathered or recorded in system databases. Historically marginalized populations are increasingly underrepresented in datasets.

The Impact Of Framing On Acceptance Of Cultured Meat, Christopher Bryant, Courtney Dillard

University Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cultured meat can be produced from growing animal cells in-vitro rather than as part of a living animal. This technology has the potential to address several of the major ethical, environmental, and public health concerns associated with conventional meat production. However, research has highlighted some consumer uncertainty regarding the concept. Although several studies have examined the media coverage of this new food technology, research linking different frames to differences in consumer attitudes is lacking. In an experimental study, we expose U.S. adults (n = 480) to one of three different frames on cultured meat: “societal benefits,” “high tech,” and “same …

Training Needs Of Peer And Non-Peer Transition Service Providers: Results Of A National Survey, Pauline Jivanjee, Leigh Grover, Kristin Thorp, Brie Masselli, Johanna Bergan, Eileen Brennan

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Participatory action research processes guided a national online survey of service providers working with transition age youth with mental health challenges. The survey investigated transition service providers’ ratings of the importance of competencies and skills, self-assessed need for training in these competencies and skills, their preferred training modalities, and obstacles to engaging in training. The 254 participants identified trauma-informed care, understanding youth culture, promoting natural supports, and using culturally responsive practices as most important training needs. Age, years in current job, years in transition work, and race/ethnicity predicted training needs regarding some competencies and skills. Peer providers expressed preferences for …

Parasocial Relationships With Podcast Hosts, Mikhaela Nadora

University Honors Theses

This study is a deductive thematic analysis of podcast hosts' attributes that explores how parasocial relationships (PSR) might be cultivated with listeners. The author analyzes five episodes of a podcast, Stuff You Should Know, and use its transcriptions to code for themes of identification, conversation practices, and authenticity to suggest ways PSR is developed by the podcast's hosts.

Results found host behaviors suggest how listeners may react to them. The combination of the effect of social deixis while describing personal characteristics suggest listeners may feel physically and emotionally closer to the hosts. Listeners may also see them as more trustworthy …

Convivial Clothing: Engagement With Decommodified Fashion In Portland, Or, Sarah Guldenbrein

Dissertations and Theses

In a capitalist system demanding perpetual accumulation, producers invest significant resources into proving the superiority of new products over existing ones. When the normative concept is "better" rather than "good" consumers can never reach a sense of sufficiency. One countermovement is that of degrowth. Degrowth scholars advocate for a voluntary and democratic transition to a post-growth future. This thesis contributes to the emerging literature on degrowth by examining alternatives to "fast fashion," an industry with a huge environmental impact and notoriously high turnover. Drawing on participant observation and semi-structured interviews with participants in Portland, Oregon's clothing swaps and Repair …

Culturally Responsive Social Work Methods For Use With Indigenous Peoples, Sara Davidson Cowling

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

The history of the American social work profession and its interactions with Indigenous people is fraught with cultural erasure. Social workers have been complicit and outright participatory in various forms of settler state violence, especially in the form of forced cultural assimilation through the Indian Adoption Project and Indian Residential schools. While these institutions are now closed, and federal law ostensibly prevents such harms from recurring, Indigenous people are often rightfully suspect of social workers and the work they do. To avoid perpetuating American settler state violence, social workers need to approach their work with a solid analysis of the …

2019 Commencement Program, Israel Bayer, Doreen Dodgen-Magee, Yasuhisa Iida, Rick Miller, Nanette Reid

Commencement Archives 2010-19

The program for the Portland State University 2019 Commencement ceremonies, held June 14, 15, and 16, 2019.

Doreen Dodgen-Magee gave the commencement address to the Graduate School of Education ceremony on June 14, 2019.

Rick Miller, Yasuhisa "Yaz" Iida, and Nanette Reid delivered keynote addresses to the School of Business ceremonies on June 15, 2019.

Israel Bayer gave the commencement address and received an honorary doctorate during the Professional Schools ceremony on June 16, 2019.

Impulsivity In Science: Students' Beliefs In Their Science Abilities With And Without Adhd Symptomology, Deza'rae M. Collins, Lisa Marriott

University Honors Theses

Impulsivity has been negatively associated with students’ beliefs in their abilities in science (e.g., science self-efficacy). Impulsivity and risk tasking are known to be characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but it is unknown whether science self-efficacy is altered in students exhibiting ADHD symptomology. STEM beliefs (i.e. science, technology, engineering, and math) were hypothesized to be more challenging for impulsive and risky students who exhibited symptoms of ADHD, since that the fields require the practice of repetitive tasks and coordinated attention to task performance. Impulsivity, ADHD symptomology, and risk taking behavior were assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 612 …

Use Of Connectotyping On Task Fmri Data Reveals Dynamic Network Level Cross Talking During Task Performance, Valeria Vazquez-Trejo, Binyam Nardos Phd, Bradley Schlaggar Md, Phd, Damien Fair Pa-C, Phd, Oscar Miranda-Dominguez Phd

University Honors Theses

Task functional MRI (fMRI) has greatly impacted our understanding of brain functioning, enabling the identification of brain areas associated with particular tasks. Current methods of fMRI analysis only display regional differences in activation. We propose that there are also dynamic functional connectivity changes occurring between systems which support the performance of a task.

A recently developed method, termed connectotyping, is able to efficiently model functional brain connectivity and has the potential to track changes in brain dynamics in individuals. Our work aims to use connectotyping to reveal the progression of temporal brain connectivity patterns in task fMRI.

Twenty-four participants (12 …

Interventions In Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Examining Factors That Lead To Improved Glycemic Control, Christopher E. Larsen

University Honors Theses

Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes puts adolescents at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, reduced brain mass, and reduced life expectancy among other symptoms. Clinically, behavioral interventions are staged for patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. Meta-analyses of these interventions have yielded non-significant differences in overall glycemic control, and have yet to identify any significant moderators of outcomes. The goal of this study was to update and improve upon past meta-analyses, and evaluate potential moderators. 28 RCTs of behavioral interventions in type 1 diabetes evaluating glycemic control were identified. Variables within interventions were collected and reviewed systematically, separating interventions …

Barriers To Community Gardening In Portland, Or, Jullian Michael Schrup

University Honors Theses

This paper analyzes structural, social and cultural barriers to community gardening in Portland, Oregon. Both the majority of Portland's demographics and the majority of its community gardeners are white, with much of the minority populations being progressively gentrified and displaced outside of the urban center. Exasperating this displacement is Portland's uneven investment in sustainable and green infrastructure in a process currently being studied as eco-gentrification. In tandem with the eco-gentrification literature, there is growing evidence that urban agriculture and community gardens disproportionately benefit white middle-class individuals through exclusionary spaces that omit minority participation. Portland's community garden participation of black and …

A Literature Review Evaluating The Efficacy Of Meditation As An Adjunctive Method For Managing Chronic Lower Back Pain, Alison M. Wyckoff

University Honors Theses

This thesis is a comprehensive review of the literature on the efficacy of meditation an adjunctive treatment for chronic lower back pain management. Nine published studies were identified by a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature. The studies vary methodologically in their organization and designs as well as by sample size, with the largest study including 282 participants and the smallest including 8 participants. The studies were compared and contrasted based on experimental design, measured outcomes or assessments, and research findings. The main outcomes measured across the studies included changes in functional mobility, pain bothersomeness, acceptance and awareness, and changes in …

Identifying With Remida: Early Childhood Educators’ Experiences With Reuse Materials In Reggio Emilia Inspired Identity Studies, Michelle Angela Domingues

Dissertations and Theses

Mainstream approaches to identity studies in early childhood education (ECE) are problematic from both social constructivist and early childhood education for sustainability perspectives. Mainstream approaches are influenced by behaviorist theories of developmental psychology literature which privilege individual identity, whereas emerging discourses in identity theory trend toward discussing the multiplicity of social identities. Alternatively, and in contrast to traditional behaviorist and cognitive learning theories, cultural centers like Reggio Emilia, Italy’s Remida Creative Recycling Center promote reuse material projects that socially construct identities in Reggio’s Municipal Infant/Toddler Centers and Preprimary Schools by giving value to waste materials through offering such materials in …

Examining The Development And Classroom Dynamics Of Student Disaffection Over Multiple Time Periods: Short-Term Episodes And Long-Term Trajectories, Emily Anne Saxton

Dissertations and Theses

Student disaffection, a pervasive problem in middle school classrooms, is costly not only for disaffected students themselves (e.g., declines in GPA, high school drop out) but also for their teachers (e.g., stress-related health outcomes). Despite its importance, however, open questions remain regarding both the development of disaffection during early adolescence and the classroom dynamics that underlie changes in disaffection. This dissertation includes two free-standing manuscripts that explore these open questions regarding the development and classroom dynamics of disaffection. Each focuses on different developmental time scales and employs different methodological approaches to examine these important, but unanswered questions.

Drawing from a …

Family Linked Workplace Resources And Contextual Factors As Important Predictors Of Job And Individual Well-Being For Employees And Families, Jacquelyn Marie Brady

Dissertations and Theses

The inextricable ties between work and family have been extensively studied, however, with both societal and organizational change there is a continuing need for organizational research to elucidate the effects work can have on family, individual, and job well-being. Through three studies, this body of work demonstrates the role of supervisors, psychological contextual factors, and workplace work-family resources for improving employee and spouse family well-being and employee psychological and job well-being. This dissertation drew upon data from the Study for Employment Retention of Veterans (SERVe) and the Work-family Health Network (WFHN). Study 1 investigated the link between a supportive supervisor …

Chart Review Observing Depression And Anxiety In A Cohort Of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Patients, Megan N. Feely

University Honors Theses

Previous work has shown that elderly women with chronic or infectious disease are at an especially high risk for mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Although, Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is a common lung disease in Oregon, little research has been published on fundamental epidemiological measures such as prevalence, or incidence, populations risks, and disease comorbidities. The objective of the study is to build a rationale for screening for anxiety and depression in NTM patients through a review of current literature of other lung diseases. Additionally, this project includes a chart review that shows the proportion of patients with …

Cultivating A Community Of Resilience For Transgender Collegians Through The Practice Of Sustainable Leadership, Beau Gilbert

Leadership for Sustainability Education Comprehensive Papers

Transgender students have always existed in communities of higher education yet are just now beginning to be acknowledged and included within the context of academia. This has primarily led to the development of campus resource centers intended to protect these students and provide safe spaces on campus. While this is a crucial support system for universities to provide, the framework described herein envisions a future where transgender students can practice resilience and feel a sense of belonging anywhere within their college community. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, this paper highlights the need for a sustainable and campus-wide approach …

Exotic Dancers Experiences With Occupational Violence In Portland, Oregon Strip Clubs, Harley J. Paulsen, Ericka Kimball

PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal

Portland, Oregon takes the lead in the highest strip clubs per capita, however, strip clubs in Portland have gone unregulated, allowing for poor management and oversight of health and safety issues. When violence and exploitation occurs, exotic dancers have scarce resources to turn to due to the continued stigma of being a sex worker. Past research has explored limited issues related to exotic dancers, including drug use, sexually transmitted infections, and mental health problems, but few have questioned what safety measures are needed to protect women in this industry. Through a personal and intersectional lens this study explores exotic dancer’s …