Digital Commons Network^™

Discrete Elasticity Exact Sequences On Worsey–Farin Splits, Sising Gong, Johnny Guzmán, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Michael Neilan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We construct conforming finite element elasticity complexes on Worsey–Farin splits in three dimensions. Spaces for displacement, strain, stress, and the load are connected in the elasticity complex through the differential operators representing deformation, incompatibility, and divergence. For each of these component spaces, a corresponding finite element space on Worsey–Farin meshes is exhibited. Unisolvent degrees of freedom are developed for these finite elements, which also yields commuting (cochain) projections on smooth functions. A distinctive feature of the spaces in these complexes is the lack of extrinsic supersmoothness at subsimplices of the mesh. Notably, the complex yields the first (strongly) symmetric stress …

Calorimetric Analysis Using Dna Thermal Stability To Determine Protein Concentration, Matthew W. Eskew, Patrick Reardon, Albert S. Benight

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

It was recently reported for two globular proteins and a short DNA hairpin in NaCl buffer that values of the transition heat capacities, Cp,DNA and Cp,PRO for equal concentrations (mg/mL) of DNA and proteins, are essentially equivalent (differ by less than 1%). Additional evidence for this equivalence is presented that reveals this phenomenon does not depend on DNA sequence, buffer salt, or Tm. Sequences of two DNA hairpins were designed to confer a near 20°C difference in their Tm’s. For the molecules, in NaCl and CsCl buffer the evaluated Cp,PRO and C …

Cfa-Treated Mice Induce Hyperalgesia In Healthy Mice Via An Olfactory Mechanism, Yangmiao Zhang, Wentai Luo, Maryt M. Heinricher, Andrey E. Ryabinin

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Social interactions with subjects experiencing pain can increase nociceptive sensitivity in observers, even without direct physical contact. In previous experiments, extended indirect exposure to soiled bedding from mice with alcohol withdrawal-related hyperalgesia enhanced nociception in their conspecifics. This finding suggested that olfactory cues could be sufficient for nociceptive hypersensitivity in otherwise untreated animals (also known as “bystanders”).

Aim

The current study addressed this possibility using an inflammation-based hyperalgesia model and long- and short-term exposure paradigms in C57BL/6J mice.

Materials & Method

Adult male and female mice received intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and were used as stimulus …

Using Biometrics, Behavioral Observations, And Multiple Molecular Techniques To Assess The Impacts Of Changes In Temperature And Salinity On The Common Bay Mussel (Mytilus Trossulus), Casey Martin

Dissertations and Theses

The intertidal zone is a place of rapid and frequent change that is home to a variety of creatures who are essential to the integrity of the habitat. Mussels are robust sessile bivalves that anchor to the rocks of the intertidal. The prominent species on the Oregon Coast, the Common Bay Mussel (Mytilus trossulus), plays an essential role as a coastal food source, water column filter, and barrier to prevent erosion due to wave action. Mytilus trossulus withstands daily shifts in temperature, salinity, and tide, as well as seasonal changes. Global climate change due to excess carbon emissions …

Dependence Among Order Statistics For Time-Transformed Exponential Models, Subhash C. Kochar, Fabio Spizzichino

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Let X₁, ..., X_n be a random vector distributed according to a time-transformed exponential model. This is a special class of exchangeable models, which, in particular, includes multivariate distributions with Schur-constant survival functions. Let for 1 i n, X_i:n denote the corresponding ith-order statistic. We consider the problem of comparing the strength of dependence between any pair of X_i’s with that of the corresponding order statistics. It is in particular proved that for m = 2, ..., n, the dependence of X2:m on X1:m is more than that of X₂ on X …

Editorial: Solutions To Water Crises (Related To Actual Interventions), Jenia Mukherjee, Saket Pande, Melissa Haeffner, Sara Marks, Pieter Van Oel, Matthew Sanderson, Adriana Allen

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Water science has become “pluralistic” (Evers et al., 2017) to collectively (yet differently) understand complex water systems with promising combinations of compatible and complementary disciplines. The contemporary context of water science discusses the more severe water-society challenges of the Anthropocene. Yet, the conversation is not definitive; indeed, there are unending debates between quantitative and qualitative research approaches including methodological choices and accuracies along questions of scales, themes, and politics of funding. Transdisciplinary applications and cross-sectoral engagements offer solution-oriented water just trajectories – scientists, practitioners, and user groups designing and deploying “solutions” related to actual interventions in addressing water …

How To Save Pascal (And Ourselves) From The Mugger, Avram Hiller, Ali Hasan

Philosophy Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this article, we re-examine Pascal's Mugging, and argue that it is a deeper problem than the St. Petersburg paradox. We offer a way out that is consistent with classical decision theory. Specifically, we propose a “many muggers” response analogous to the “many gods” objection to Pascal's Wager. When a very tiny probability of a great reward becomes a salient outcome of a choice, such as in the offer of the mugger, it can be discounted on the condition that there are many other symmetric, non-salient rewards that one may receive if one chooses otherwise.

Raps Sheet, November 2023, Retirement Association Of Portland State

RAPS Sheet: Monthly Newsletter

No abstract provided.

When Communities Face Drinking Water Crises, Bottled Water Is A 'Temporary' Solution That Often Lasts Years--And Worsens Inequality, Daniel Jaffee

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

As a sociologist, I study the social and environmental effects of the rapid growth of bottled-water consumption in the U.S. and beyond, and how it is linked to distrust of public tap water. In my new book, “Unbottled,” one chapter examines how these dynamics played out in Flint. As its example shows, communities can end up relying on bottled water – often at great expense – for years after a crisis.

Depth And Frequency Dependence Of Geoacoustic Properties On The New England Mud Patch From Reflection Coefficient Inversion, Jiang Yong-Min, Charles W. Holland, Stan E. Dosso, Jan Dettmer

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Muddy sediments cover significant portions of continental shelves, but their physical properties remain poorly understood compared to sandy sediments. This paper presents a generally applicable model for sediment-column structure and variability on the New England Mud Patch (NEMP), based on trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of wide-angle, broadband reflection-coefficient data in this work and in two previously published reflection-coefficient inversions at different sites on the NEMP. The data considered here include higher frequencies and larger bandwidth and cover lower reflection grazing angles than the previous studies, hence, resulting in geoacoustic profiles with significantly better structural resolution and smaller uncertainties. The general sediment-column …

The Impetus Of International Security In European Integration: The Nature Of Eu Common Security And Defense Policy, Osman Goktug Tanrikulu

Dissertations and Theses

This study explores the complicated relationship between security considerations and the European integration process. The research uncovers specific security factors that have shaped the EU integration process. Applying policy alignment and collective efforts for governance, this study offers a methodological improvement to the conventional status quo satisfaction concept within power transition theory.

Findings indicate that external militarized actions targeting European nations only occasionally disrupted integration in the short term. Instead, inner coordination among member states vis-à-vis external actors, promoted integration. During the early stages of integration, alignment with the EU collective was crucial, while aligning with regional leader Germany became …

Parallel Element-Based Algebraic Multigrid For H (Curl) And H (Div) Problems Using The Parelag Library, Delyan Z. Kalchev, Panayot S. Vassilevski, Umberto Villa

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents the use of element-based algebraic multigrid (AMGe) hierarchies, implemented in the Parallel Element Agglomeration Algebraic Multigrid Upscaling and Solvers (ParELAG) library, to produce multilevel preconditioners and solvers for H (curl) and H (div) formulations. ParELAG constructs hierarchies of compatible nested spaces, forming an exact de Rham sequence on each level. This allows the application of hybrid smoothers on all levels and the Auxiliary-Space Maxwell Solver or the Auxiliary-Space Divergence Solver on the coarsest levels, obtaining complete multigrid cycles. Numerical results are presented, showing the parallel performance of the proposed methods. As a part of the exposition, this …

Faculty Senate Monthly Packet October 2023, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Monthly Packets

The October 2, 2023 monthly packet includes the October agenda, appendices, and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held October 2, 2023.

Investigating Evidence In Support Of Validity And Reliability For Data Collected With The Meaningful Learning In The Laboratory Instrument (Mlli), Elizabeth Vaughan, A. Montoya-Cowan, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Meaningful Learning in the Laboratory Instrument (MLLI) was designed to measure students’ expectations before and after their laboratory courses and experiences. Although the MLLI has been used in various studies and laboratory environments to investigate students’ cognitive and affective laboratory expectations, the authors of the instrument reported a discrepancy between the intended factor structure of the MLLI and the factor structure suggested by the data collected in preliminary studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability evidence related to data collected with the MLLI, especially that related to structural validity. Evidence to support …

Accelerating Training Of Mlips Through Small-Cell Training, Jason A. Meziere, Yu Luo, Yi Xia, Laurent Karim Béland, Mark R. Daymond

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

While machine-learned interatomic potentials have become a mainstay for modeling materials, designing training sets that lead to robust potentials is challenging. Automated methods, such as active learning and on-the-fly learning, construct reliable training sets, but these processes can be resource-intensive. Current training approaches often use density functional theory (DFT) calculations that have the same cell size as the simulations that the potential is explicitly trained to model. Here, we demonstrate an easy-to-implement small-cell training protocol and use it to model the Zr-H system. This training leads to a potential that accurately predicts known stable Zr-H phases and reproduces the α-β …

Development Of Prediction Method For Dimensional Stability Of 3d-Printed Objects, Kyung-Eun Min, Jae-Won Jang, Jesik Shin, Cheolhee Kim, Sung Yi

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fused deposition modeling (FDM), as one of the additive manufacturing processes, is known for strong layer adhesion suitable for prototypes and end-use items. This study used a multiple regression model and statistical analysis to explore the dimensional accuracy of FDM objects. Factors such as inclination angle, layer thickness, support space, and raster angle were examined. Machine learning models (Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN)) predicted dimensions using 81 datapoints. The mean squared dimensional error (MSDE) between the measured and designed surface profiles was selected as an output for the dimensional accuracy. Support spacing, …

Effective Entity Augmentation By Querying External Data Sources, Christopher Buss, Jasmin Mousavi, Mikhail Tokarev, Arash Termehchy, David Maier, Stefan Lee

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Users often want to augment and enrich entities in their datasets with relevant information from external data sources. As many external sources are accessible only via keyword-search interfaces, a user usually has to manually formulate a keyword query that extract relevant information for each entity. This approach is challenging as many data sources contain numerous tuples, only a small fraction of which may contain entity-relevant information. Furthermore, different datasets may represent the same information in distinct forms and under different terms (e.g., different data source may use different names to refer to the same person). In such cases, it is …

Auxiliary Features-Guided Super Resolution For Monte Carlo Rendering, Qiqi Hou, Feng Liu

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper investigates super-resolution to reduce the number of pixels to render and thus speed up Monte Carlo rendering algorithms. While great progress has been made to super-resolution technologies, it is essentially an ill-posed problem and cannot recover high-frequency details in renderings. To address this problem, we exploit high-resolution auxiliary features to guide super-resolution of low-resolution renderings. These high-resolution auxiliary features can be quickly rendered by a rendering engine and at the same time provide valuable high-frequency details to assist super-resolution. To this end, we develop a cross-modality transformer network that consists of an auxiliary feature branch and a low-resolution …

Forest Fire Effects On Snow Storage And Melt Across Scales Of Forest Recovery In The Western Oregon Cascades, Megan Nicole Guinn

Dissertations and Theses

Snow is the largest component of water storage in the western United States, it serves as a key moisture source for forested ecosystems and is fundamentally linked to streamflow and nutrient cycling. Snow is vulnerable to climatic warming, and a key consequence of declining mountain snowpack is the escalation in wildfire frequency, extent, intensity, and duration across the seasonal snow zone. Fire modifies the spatial extent of snow in watersheds, reducing snow water storage and timing of melt across burned forests. Forested mountain ecosystems and water supplies are facing shifts in their structure, function, and succession. Previous research has focused …

Design And Characterization Of 2.4ghz Antennas For Wireless Sensor Applications, Luis Zogby Brennan

Dissertations and Theses

Wireless sensor networks benefit greatly from advances in circuit integration and miniaturization. However, antennas are bound to specific geometries both in terms of fundamental limits and their response to immediate surroundings. As such, various successful techniques for antenna miniaturization must still be carefully tested and characterized as part of the design process of a sensor system. The work presented here fully characterizes a number of miniaturized 2.4GHz antennas and successfully integrates designs into a sensor system using the highly integrated Single Chip Micro Mote (SCµM), which uses a crystal-less radio design resulting in the requirement of only a …

Modeling Leaf-Level Transpiration: Exploring The Consequences Of Assumed Saturated Vapor Pressure In Leaves, Danlyn L. Brennan

Dissertations and Theses

Understanding the dynamics of water transport through leaf intercellular airspaces (IAS) and its impact on transpiration is crucial for accurate predictions of plant water use and ecosystem response to changing climates. This study investigates the implications of assuming undersaturation of water vapor in the IAS for transpiration predictions and explores potential modifications to standard modeling approaches.

A dynamic 1D soil-plant-atmosphere continuum using a stomatal optimization model (SPAC-SOT) framework was used to simulate the response of tree species, P. edulis, to prolonged drought and varying environmental conditions. Comparisons between two model assumptions (saturated vs. undersaturated IAS) reveal notable differences in …

Wasted Space, Ryan Martyn

Dissertations and Theses

This paper performs a spatial analysis of Portland, Oregon, with a focus on identifying and utilizing "wasted space," such as parking lots and vacant land, as strategic opportunities to enhance the completeness of the city. The planning concept of a "complete neighborhood" is defined as a locality that offers residents access to all essential aspects of daily life within a convenient walking distance. This notion encompasses elements, such as walkability, accessibility to essential services and amenities, sustainability, and equity. The objective of this study is to provide a more precise definition of the planning concept of a complete neighborhood and …

A Field, Petrological, And Geochronological Investigation Of The Chief Joseph Dike Swarm, Mary Joyce Mass

Dissertations and Theses

The Columbia River Basalt Group is the youngest continental flood basalt province in the world and covers an aerial extent of 210,000 km² covering Oregon, southern Washington, and eastern Idaho. Eruptions occurred between approximately 17 million and 6 million years ago, with 92% of eruptions occurring within the first million-year interval. Aside from mapping and some bulk compositional data, few studies have focused on the Chief Joseph dike swarm in NE Oregon, the main eruptive center of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Prior to this study there were no published age dates for the Chief Joseph dike swarm.

This …

Community Adaptations To Wildfire Risk In Central Oregon, Usa: An Empirical Study Of Inclusionary Practices In Collaborative Wildfire Risk Mitigation, Liam Resener

Dissertations and Theses

Adverse impacts of wildfire in Western North America have become increasingly present through the 21^st century, driven by landscape changes imposed by colonists in the 19^th and 20^th centuries. Community adaptations to wildfire will be necessary through the 21^st century to restore landscapes and protect the safety and livelihoods of people who live in at-risk areas. Wildfire risk extends across countless environmental and social systems, and individuals have competing ideas about what constitutes that risk and how to best adapt to it. As resources are being allocated to community adaptations, important questions emerge about the values …

The Influence Of Polystyrene Microplastics On Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Kaitlyn Marie Baker

Dissertations and Theses

Mass production of plastic within the past decade has led to over 100 billion tons of plastics being added to the world’s oceans through rivers and effluent disposal and decomposition. For marine environments, the sudden and constant growth of microplastics (plastics 1 µm to 5 mm in diameter), is of particular concern to top-predatory fish such as steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), who passively or actively uptake microplastics while consuming prey. Previous research has demonstrated clear detrimental impacts of microplastic accumulation in bivalves, seabirds, and zebrafish, including decreased diet, reproduction rates, and metabolism, as well as increased rates of …

Exploring Nonprofit Views On Water Management And Conservation Strategies, Jillian Marie Farley

Dissertations and Theses

Valuing water resources presents a multitude of methodological and theoretical challenges, including economics, biodiversity, and cultural significance. Information is not readily available on the individuals working every day on water resource management and how they navigate such a complex topic. This project is designed to help all parties better understand the opinions of individuals working for nonprofit organizations and Watershed Councils in the State of Oregon about current methods of water resource conservation. The results reflect respondents’ personal views on the process and practices of valuing water and are designed to prompt deeper discussions between the organizations, communities, and policymakers. …

Inventory Of Glaciers And Perennial Snowfields Of The Conterminous Usa, Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Glenn, Christopher Mcneil

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This report summarizes an updated inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields of the conterminous United States. The inventory is based on interpretation of mostly aerial imagery provided by the National Agricultural Imagery Program, US Department of Agriculture, with some satellite imagery in places where aerial imagery was not suitable. The inventory includes all perennial snow and ice features ≥ 0.01 km². Due to aerial survey schedules and seasonal snow cover, imageries acquired over a number of years were required. The earliest date is 2013 and the latest is 2020, but more than 73 % of the outlines were …

Instructors At A Crossroad: Perceptions Of Collaboration And Support Intersect With Intentions To Implement A Cure, Justin Berl

Dissertations and Theses

An ongoing crisis of student drop-off from undergraduate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education has led to a sustained call over the last 15+ years for the increased implementation of updated practices in undergraduate STEM education. Though over the past few decades many researchers have developed and analyzed the efficacy of various evidence-based teaching practices (EBTPs) designed to improve the state of undergraduate STEM education throughout the country, the rate at which these EBTPs are implemented in undergraduate STEM classrooms remains low.

In order to better understand the specific factors that affect individual instructors' efforts to implement EBTPs, we …

Structure-From-Motion Derived Snow Cover In Burned Forests Of The Western Oregon Cascades, Siobhan Ciafone

Dissertations and Theses

Forest fire occurrence in the western US has increased rapidly since the 1980s, and most western US fires occur in the seasonal snow zone. Burned forests influence snow accumulation and melt patterns for years following fire, and understanding drivers of variability in snow cover across a burned landscape at the basin-scale is necessary for accurate hazard prediction and water resource forecasting. Basin-scale surveys of snowpack are possible with remote sensing, but accurate sensing methods such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) are often cost-prohibitive. In the last decade, structure-from-motion (SfM), an optical remote sensing technique, has emerged as an affordable …

Race And Income As Predictors Of Trust In Flood Mitigation Strategies, Wendy Nathaly Sangucho Loachamin

Dissertations and Theses

Trust plays a central role in coastal flooding management because the support or opposition to costly mitigation strategies depends, in part, on how much stakeholders trust in the effectiveness of these strategies. Despite the importance of trust in the approval of flood mitigation strategies, trust is rarely measured. Furthermore, Environmental Justice (EJ) studies have consistently shown that BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Color) and low-income communities are more vulnerable to environmental hazards. Therefore, if these communities are more exposed to flooding, we hypothesize they will have less trust in flood mitigation strategies to protect them; yet trust is understudied …