Digital Commons Network^™

Review Of Spokane River Model For Washington Department Of Ecology, Chris Berger, Robert Leslie Annear, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This memorandum discusses changes made to the Spokane River model calibration since the original calibration of the model discussed in the following reports: Annear et al. (2001), Berger at al. (2002), Slominski et al. (2002), and Berger et al. (2003). The first group of refinements was made by the Washington Department of Ecology. Additional changes were made by Portland State University (PSU) and were discussed in this report along with the results of two alternative calibrations. The last section displays the original calibration results from Berger et al. (2003) as a basis for comparison to the changes made by Ecology …

Willamette River Basin Temperature Tmdl Model: Boundary Conditions And Model Setup, Robert Leslie Annear, Michael Lee Mckillip, Sher Jamal Khan, Chris Berger, Scott A. Wells

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is developing a TMDL for temperature in the Willamette River basin shown in Figure 1. The study area included the Willamette River and all major tributaries (except the Tualatin River where a TMDL process was already concluded). A large section of the Columbia River was also modeled to provide adequate boundary representation of tidal flows in the lower Willamette River. The Willamette River below the Oregon City Falls in the Portland metropolitan area has a typical diurnal tidal range of 1 m. The development of a dynamic model of temperature and …

Quasioptimality Of Some Spectral Mixed Methods, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Leszek Demkowicz

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we construct a sequence of projectors into certain polynomial spaces satisfying a commuting diagram property with norm bounds independent of the polynomial degree. Using the projectors, we obtain quasioptimality of some spectralmixed methods, including the Raviart–Thomas method and mixed formulations of Maxwell equations. We also prove some discrete Friedrichs type inequalities involving curl.

Environmental Swap Energy And Role Of Configurational Entropy In Transfer Of Small Molecules From Water Into Alkanes, Pavel Smejtek, Robert Campbell Word

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We studied the effect of segmented solvent molecules on the free energy of transfer of small molecules from water into alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane, and hexadecane). For these alkanes we measured partition coefficients of benzene, 3-methylindole (3MI), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (TeCP), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TriBP) at 3, 11, 20, 3, and 47 °C. For 3MI, TeCP, and TriBP the dependence of free energy of transfer on length of alkane chains was found to be very different from that for benzene. In contrast to benzene, the energy of transfer for 3MI, TeCP, and TriBP was independent of the number of carbons …

Prospect Theory And The Cyprus Conflict: Analyzing Decisionmaking In The Turkish Cypriot President, Tarah Marie Wheeler

Political Science Masters Theses

Rauf R. Denktash, the Turkish Cypriot president and leader of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, has made many decisions not to negotiate with his Greek Cypriot counterpart for peace and reunification on the island of Cyprus. Traditional rational choice theories do not explain his willingness to sacrifice political power for his policy goals in risky choices. Prospect theory, a cognitive behavioral theory of decisionmaking, may help to explain why Denktash makes those risky choices by showing that decisionmakers who feel themselves to be in the domain of losses will make risky choices to gain their reference point, the location …

Directed Extended Dependency Analysis For Data Mining, Thaddeus T. Shannon, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Extended dependency analysis (EDA) is a heuristic search technique for finding significant relationships between nominal variables in large data sets. The directed version of EDA searches for maximally predictive sets of independent variables with respect to a target dependent variable. The original implementation of EDA was an extension of reconstructability analysis. Our new implementation adds a variety of statistical significance tests at each decision point that allow the user to tailor the algorithm to a particular objective. It also utilizes data structures appropriate for the sparse data sets customary in contemporary data mining problems. Two examples that illustrate different approaches …

A Comparison Of Modified Reconstructability Analysis And Ashenhurst‐Curtis Decomposition Of Boolean Functions, Anas Al-Rabadi, Marek Perkowski, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Modified reconstructability analysis (MRA), a novel decomposition technique within the framework of set‐theoretic (crisp possibilistic) reconstructability analysis, is applied to three‐variable NPN‐classified Boolean functions. MRA is superior to conventional reconstructability analysis, i.e. it decomposes more NPN functions. MRA is compared to Ashenhurst‐Curtis (AC) decomposition using two different complexity measures: log‐functionality, a measure suitable for machine learning, and the count of the total number of two‐input gates, a measure suitable for circuit design. MRA is superior to AC using the first of these measures, and is comparable to, but different from AC, using the second.

Reversible Modified Reconstructability Analysis Of Boolean Circuits And Its Quantum Computation, Anas Al-Rabadi, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Modified Reconstructability Analysis (MRA) can be realized reversibly by utilizing Boolean reversible (3,3) logic gates that are universal in two arguments. The quantum computation of the reversible MRA circuits is also introduced. The reversible MRA transformations are given a quantum form by using the normal matrix representation of such gates. The MRA-based quantum decomposition may play an important role in the synthesis of logic structures using future technologies that consume less power and occupy less space.

Modified Reconstructability Analysis For Many-Valued Functions And Relations, Anas Al-Rabadi, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

A novel many-valued decomposition within the framework of lossless Reconstructability Analysis is presented. In previous work, Modified Recontructability Analysis (MRA) was applied to Boolean functions, where it was shown that most Boolean functions not decomposable using conventional Reconstructability Analysis (CRA) are decomposable using MRA. Also, it was previously shown that whenever decomposition exists in both MRA and CRA, MRA yields simpler or equal complexity decompositions. In this paper, MRA is extended to many-valued logic functions, and logic structures that correspond to such decomposition are developed. It is shown that many-valued MRA can decompose many-valued functions when CRA fails to do …

State-Based Reconstructability Analysis, Martin Zwick, Michael S. Johnson

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reconstructability analysis (RA) is a method for detecting and analyzing the structure of multivariate categorical data. While Jones and his colleagues extended the original variable‐based formulation of RA to encompass models defined in terms of system states, their focus was the analysis and approximation of real‐valued functions. In this paper, we separate two ideas that Jones had merged together: the “g to k” transformation and state‐based modeling. We relate the idea of state‐based modeling to established variable‐based RA concepts and methods, including structure lattices, search strategies, metrics of model quality, and the statistical evaluation of model fit for analyses based …

Reconstructability Analysis Detection Of Optimal Gene Order In Genetic Algorithms, Martin Zwick, Stephen Shervais

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

The building block hypothesis implies that genetic algorithm efficiency will be improved if sets of genes that improve fitness through epistatic interaction are near to one another on the chromosome. We demonstrate this effect with a simple problem, and show that information-theoretic reconstructability analysis can be used to decide on optimal gene ordering.

A Comparison Of System Dynamics And Agent-Based Simulationapplied To The Study Of Cellular Receptor Dynamics, Wayne W. Wakeland, Edward J. Gallaher, Louis Macovsky, C. Athena Aktipis

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Cellular receptor dynamics are often analyzed using differential equations, making system dynamics (SD) a candidate methodology. In some cases it may be useful to model the phenomena at the biomolecular level, especially when concentrations and reaction probabilities are low and might lead to unexpected behavior modes. In such cases, agent-based simulation (ABS) may be useful. We show the application of both SD and ABS to simulate non-equilibrium ligand-receptor dynamics over a broad range of concentrations, where the probability of interaction varies from low to very low. Both approaches offer much to the researcher and are complementary. We did not find …

Using Design Of Experiments, Sensitivity Analysis, And Hybrid Simulation To Evaluate Changes To A Software Development Process: A Case Study, Wayne Wakeland, Robert H. Martin, David Raffo

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hybrid simulation models combine the high-level project issues of System Dynamics models along with the detailed process representation of discrete event simulation models. Hybrid models not only capture the best of both of these simulation paradigms, but they also are able to address new issues that are important in managing complex real-world development projects that neither the System Dynamics nor Discrete Event simulation paradigms are able to address alone.

In order to reap the full benefits from a simulation model, a structured approach for analyzing model results is necessary. The recommended approach is a combination of the Design of Experiments …

A Transformation Based Algorithm For Ternary Reversible Logic Synthesis Using Universally Controlled Ternary Gates, Marek Perkowski, Eric Curtis

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper a synthesis algorithm for reversible ternary logic cascades is presented. The algorithm can find a solution for any reversible ternary function with n inputs and n outputs utilizing ternary inverter gates and the new (quantum realizable) UCTG gates which are a powerful generalization of ternary Toffoli gates and Generalized Ternary Gates [4]. The algorithm is an extension of the algorithm presented by Dueck, Maslov, and Miller in [3]. A unique feature of this algorithm is that it utilizes no extra wires to generate the outputs. A basic compaction algorithm is defined to improve the results of the …

Mutual Benefits Of Teacher/Scientist Partnerships, Marion Dresner, Erin Starvel

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

University ecologists, science educators and natural resource agency scientists have been working with science teachers in a partnership called "Teachers in the Woods". Teachers work with field scientists to implement a variety of ecological research and monitoring projects on federal agency land. Scientists and teachers were interviewed to obtain insights into the benefits of this partnership. These partnerships generated greater teacher knowledge of local ecological communities and processes and fostered a mutual respect for the work of both classroom teachers and scientists.

Relationships Between Needle Nitrogen Concentration And Photosynthetic Responses Of Douglas-Fir Seedlings To Elevated Co2 And Temperature, James D. Lewis, Melissa S. Lucash, David M. Olszyk, David T. Tingey

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

• Here we examined correlations between needle nitrogen concentration ([N]) and photosynthetic responses of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings to growth in elevated temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO₂]).
• Seedlings were grown in sunlit, climate-controlled chambers at ambient or ambient+3.5^° C and ambient or ambient +180 μmol mol^-1 CO₂ in a full factorial design. Photosynthetic parameters and needle [N] were measured six times over a 21-month period.
• Needle [N] varied seasonally, and accounted for 30–50% of the variation in photosynthetic parameters. Across measurement periods, elevated temperature increased needle [N] by 26% and light-saturated …

Coastal Lakes Aquatic Plant Survey Report, Mary Pfauth, Mark Sytsma

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Invasive, non-indigenous plants can degrade water quality and fish habitat when they invade lakes, ponds, and streams. Changes in plant community architecture in lakes due to invasion by canopy-forming invasive aquatic plants can result in loss of native plant biodiversity and reduction of the structural complexity of the underwater habitat. Differences in photosynthetic biochemistry between non-indigenous and native plants can result in large diurnal pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations.

Team Teaching In An Online Environment: Effects On Instructors And Students, Cheryl White Sundberg, Michael R.L. Odell, Dennis W. Sunal, Allison Mays, Wendy Perry Ruchti

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

As demand for online programs and courses increase, institutions of higher education are faced with the challenge of delivering sufficient numbers of high quality online courses to meet the demand. Team teaching is one avenue to address harriers and assist faculty in retooling to deliver online courses. Team teaching can take several forms but always includes sharing responsibility of planning and providing instruction and feedback for the same students by two or more teachers. This study included participants enrolled in a graduate online earth science for in-service middle school teachers at three major research universities located in the Northwest, Midwest, …

A Characterization Of Hybridized Mixed Methods For Second Order Elliptic Problems, Bernardo Cockburn, Jay Gopalakrishnan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we give a new characterization of the approximate solution given by hybridized mixed methods for second order self-adjoint elliptic problems. We apply this characterization to obtain an explicit formula for the entries of the matrix equation for the Lagrange multiplier unknowns resulting from hybridization. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions under which the multipliers of the Raviart–Thomas and the Brezzi–Douglas–Marini methods of similar order are identical.

Pperfgrid: A Grid Services-Based Tool For The Exchange Of Heterogeneous Parallel Performance Data, John Jared Hoffman

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis details the approach taken in developing PPerfGrid. Section 2 discusses other research related to this project. Section 3 provides general background on the technologies utilized in PPerfGrid, focusing on the components that make up the Grid services architecture. Section 4 provides a description of the architecture of PPerfGrid. Section 5 details the implementation of PPerfGrid. Section 6 presents tests designed to measure the overhead and scalability of the PPerfGrid application. Section 7 suggests future work, and Section 8 concludes the thesis.

Technology Forecasting Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Oliver Lane Inman

Dissertations and Theses

The ability to anticipate future capabilities of technology products has broad implications for organizations. Technological forecasting allows management to improve resource allocation, make better staffing decisions, and more confidently plan facilities and capital expenditures. Technology forecasting may also identify potential new markets and opportunities, such as finding ways to exploit current technology beyond its originally intended purposes.

Modern technology forecasters use an array of forecasting methods to predict the future performance of a technology, such as time-series analysis, regression, stochastic methods, and simulation. These quantitative methods rely on the assumption that past behavior will continue. Shortcomings include their lack of …

A Tale Of The Children: Challenges To Learning And Teaching In Idaho, And Why Some Children Will Be Left Behind, Terry Armstrong

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

Teachers are under many stressors from forces seeking to improve education. In Idaho, there are numerous factors beyond educators' control that threaten to undermine success for all children. This article, prepared by eighteen distinguished Idaho public school teachers, outlines variables attendant to school failure for many Idaho children. Teachers need to act as advocates for improving the social climate that impinges on learning.

In addition to the main author, this article was prepared by Cohort Groups III and IV of the Thomas Wright Fellows, University of Idaho:

Cohort III
John Baillie
Kelly Gillie
Katholyn Howell
Ace Marcellus
Ann McLellan
Katherine …

Exact Synthesis Of 3-Qubit Quantum Circuits From Non-Binary Quantum Gates Using Multiple-Valued Logic And Group Theory, Guowu Yang, William N. N. Hung, Xiaoyu Song, Marek Perkowski

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We propose an approach to optimally synthesize quantum circuits from non-permutative quantum gates such as Controlled-Square-Root–of-Not (i.e. Controlled-V). Our approach reduces the synthesis problem to multiple-valued optimization and uses group theory. We devise a novel technique that transforms the quantum logic synthesis problem from a multi-valued constrained optimization problem to a permutable representation. The transformation enables us to utilize group theory to exploit the symmetric properties of the synthesis problem. Assuming a cost of one for each two-qubit gate, we found all reversible circuits with quantum costs of 4, 5, 6, etc, and give another algorithm to realize these reversible …

Synthesis Of Reversible Circuits From A Subset Of Muthukrishnan-Stroud Quantum Realizable Multi-Valued Gates, Marek Perkowski, Nicholas Denler, Bruce Yen, Pawel Kerntopf

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a new type of quantum realizable reversible cascade. Next we present a new algorithm to synthesize arbitrary single-output ternary functions using these reversible cascades. The cascades use “Generalized Multi-Valued Gates” introduced here, which extend the concept of Generalized Ternary Gates introduced previously. While there were 216 GTGs, a total of 12 ternary gates of the new type are sufficient to realize arbitrary ternary functions. (The count can be further reduced to 5 gates, three 2-qubit and two 1-qubit). Such gates are realizable in quantum ion trap devices. For some functions, the algorithm requires fewer gates than results previously …

An Integer-Programming Model For Assigning Projects To Project Managers, Peerasit Patanakul, Dragan Milošević, Timothy R. Anderson

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study proposes an integer-programming model as a systematic methodology for assigning projects to project managers (project manager assignments). This model is a valuable extension of the existing methodologies in the literature since it considers the strategic elements of an organization and organizational/personal limitations in project manager assignments in addition to project requirements and competencies of project managers as being considered in the existing methodologies. By using this proposed model, management can assign projects to project managers in a way that contributes to the project and organizational performance.

Compositional And Mineralogical Relationships Between Mafic Inclusions And Host Lavas As Key To Andesite Petrogenesis At Mount Hood Volcano, Oregon, Melinda Michelle Woods

Dissertations and Theses

Throughout its eruptive history, Mount Hood has produced compositionally similar calc-alkaline andesite as lava flows and domes near the summit and basaltic andesitic flows from flank vents. Found within the andesite are slightly more mafic inclusions that are compositionally similar to the host andesite (or host lavas); no inclusions were found in the flank lavas. Host lavas and inclusions have the following mineral assemblage: plag + opx ± cpx ± amp + oxides. Flank lava mineralogy is similar to the inclusions and host lavas, but since they are more mafic they contain olivine instead of amphibole. Average silica content among …

Environmental Gradients, Community Boundaries, And Disturbance The Darlingtonia Fens Of Southwestern Oregon, Deborah A. Tolman

Dissertations and Theses

The Darlingtonia fens, found on serpentine soils in southern Oregon, are distinct communities that frequently undergo dramatic changes in size and shape in response to a wide array of environmental factors. Since few systems demonstrate a balance among high water tables, shallow soils, the presence of heavy metals, and limited nutrients, conservative efforts have been made to preserve them. This dissertation investigates the role of fire on nutrient cycling and succession in three separate fens, each a different time since fire. I specifically analyze the spatial distributions of soil properties, the physical and ecological characteristics of ecotones between Jeffrey pine …

Catastrophic Ice Shelf Breakup As The Source Of Heinrich Event Icebergs, Christina L. Hulbe, D. R. Macayeal, George H. Denton, Johan Kleman, Thomas Lowell

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heinrich layers of the glacial North Atlantic record abrupt widespread iceberg rafting of detrital carbonate and other lithic material at the extreme-cold culminations of Bond climate cycles. Both internal (glaciologic) and external (climate) forcings have been proposed. Here we suggest an explanation for the iceberg release that encompasses external climate forcing on the basis of a new glaciological process recently witnessed along the Antarctic Peninsula: rapid disintegrations of fringing ice shelves induced by climate-controlled meltwater infilling of surface crevasses. We postulate that peripheral ice shelves, formed along the eastern Canadian seaboard during extreme cold conditions, would be vulnerable to sudden …

West Antarctic Ice Stream Discharge Variability: Mechanism, Controls, And Pattern Of Grounding Line Retreat, Christina L. Hulbe, Mark A. Fahnestock

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

West Antarctic ice streams show pronounced flow variability in their downstream reaches, with changes stranding formerly fast-flowing ice and redirecting discharge. A simple model, in which the temperature gradient in basal ice provides control of fast sliding in the downstream reach, can explain this behavior. Downstream thinning steepens the temperature gradient near the bed, increasing upward heat flow and the tendency toward basal freezing. The basal temperature gradient is steepest and the tendency toward basal freezing the strongest in ice that has experienced the most rapid downstream thinning, that is, the fastest-flowing ice. The most ?successful? rapid outflows are regions …

Current Perspectives On Energy And Mass Fluxes In Volcanic Arcs, William Leeman, Jon Davidson, Tobias Fischer, Anita Grunder, Mark Reagan, Martin J. Streck

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Volcanoes of the Pacific Ring of Fire and other convergent margins worldwide are familiar manifestations of nature's energy, account for about 25% of global volcanic outputs, dominate volcanic gas emissions to the atmosphere, and pose significant physical threats to a large human population. Yet the processes behind this prolific activity remain poorly understood.

An international "State of the Arc" (SOTA) conference was held in August on the slopes of Mt. Hood, Oregon, to address current views on the energy and mass fluxes in volcanic arcs. This meeting brought together some 90 leading experts and students of subduction zones and their …