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Whispering-Gallery Acoustic Sensing: Characterization Of Mesoscopic Films And Scanning Probe Microscopy Applications, Andres H. La Rosa, Nan Li, Rodolfo Fernandez, Xiaohua Wang, Richard Nordstrom, S. K. Padigi

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Full understanding of the physics underlying the striking changes in viscoelasticity, relaxation time, and phase transitions that mesoscopic fluid-like films undergo at solid-liquid interfaces, or under confinement between two sliding solid boundaries, constitutes one of the major challenges in condensed matter physics. Their role in the imaging process of solid substrates by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is also currently controversial. Aiming at improving the reliability and versatility of instrumentation dedicated to characterize mesoscopic films, a noninvasive whispering-gallery acoustic sensing (WGAS) technique is introduced; its application as feedback control in SPM is also demonstrated. To illustrate its working principle and potential …

Properties, Solution State Behavior, And Crystal Structures Of Chelates Of Dotma, Silvio Aime, Mauro Botta, Zoltán Garda, Benjamin E. Kucera, Gyula Tircso, Victor G. Young, Mark Woods

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The chemistry of polyamino carboxylates and their use as ligands for Ln(3+) ions is of considerable interest from the point of view of the development of new imaging agents. Of particular interest is the chemistry of the macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and its derivatives. Herein we report that the tetramethylated DOTA derivative, DOTMA, possess several properties that, from an imaging agent development point of view, are more advantageous than those of the parent DOTA. In particular, the Ln(3+) chelates of DOTMA exhibit a marked preference for the monocapped twisted square antiprismatic coordination isomer which imparts more rapid water exchange …

Towards The Rational Design Of Mri Contrast Agents: Δ-Substitution Of Lanthanide(Iii) Nb-Dota-Tetraamide Chelates Influences But Does Not Control Coordination Geometry, Christiane E. Carney, Anh D. Tran, Jing Wang, Matthias C. Schabel, A. Dean Sherry, Mark Woods

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

LnDOTA-tetraamide chelates (DOTA=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) have received considerable recent attention as a result of their potential to act as PARACEST contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although PARACEST agents afford several advantages over conventional contrast agents they suffer from substantially higher detection limits; thus, improving the effectiveness of LnDOTA-tetraamide chelates is an important goal. In this study we investigate the potential to extend conformational control of LnDOTA-type ligands to those applicable to PARACEST. Furthermore, the question of whether δ- rather than α-substitution of the pendant arms could be used to control the chelate coordination geometry is addressed. Although δ-substitution does …

2011 Summer Commencement Program, Commencement

Commencement Archives 2010-19

The program for the Portland State University 2011 Summer Commencement ceremony, held on August 13, 2011.

Rabbi Joshua Stampfer and Peter W. Stott received honorary degrees from PSU President Wim Wiewel and Provost Roy Koch; Kirubel B. Mersha delivered the student address.

Interview With Christian Ettinger, Hopworks, 2011 (Audio), Christian Ettinger

All Sustainability History Project Oral Histories

Interview of Christian Ettinger by Scott Demming at Hopworks SE Portland, Oregon on August 10th, 2011.

The interview index is available for download.

Interview With Jessica Beckett, Free Geek, 2011 (Audio), Jessica Beckett

All Sustainability History Project Oral Histories

Interview of Jessica Beckett by Thomas Yarbrough at Free Geek Portland, Oregon on August 10th, 2011.

The interview index is available for download.

Interview With Weston Miller, Osu Extension Service, 2011 (Audio), Weston Miller

All Sustainability History Project Oral Histories

Interview of Weston Miller by Jan Steinbock in Portland, Oregon on August 3rd, 2011.

The interview index is available for download.

Quantifying 20th Century Glacier Change In The Sierra Nevada, California, Andrew G. Fountain, Hassan J. Basagic

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Numerous small alpine glaciers occupy the high elevation regions of the central and southern Sierra Nevada, California. An inventory based on 1:24,000 topographic maps revealed 1719 glaciers and perennial snowfields for a total area of 39.15 +/- 0.13 km(2). The number of 'true' glaciers, versus non-moving ice, is estimated to be 122 covering 14.89 +/- 0.08 km(2) or 38% of the ice-covered area. Historic photographs, geologic evidence, and field mapping were used to determine the magnitude of area change over the past century at 14 glaciers. The area change between 1903 and 2004 ranged from -31% to -78%, averaging -55%. …

Mapping Of Unstable And Potentially Unstable Slopes In Sogne Og Fjordane, Reginald L. Hermanns, Luzia Fischer, Thierry Oppikofer, M. Bøhme, John F. Dehls, H. Henriksen, Adam M. Booth, R. Eilertsen, O. Longva, Trond Eiken

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

For the past three years NGU has worked on 25 unstable and potentially unstable rock slopes in Sogn og Fjordane. In addition Fjærlandsfjord, Hyenfjord and Årdalsvatnet were systematically mapped for deposits of prehistoric and historic rock slope failures onshore and with help of a bathymetry. Mapping on land included structural mapping of ten sites by on-site field mapping and nine sites by remote structural mapping using terrestrial laser scanning technology (TLS). Field work also included periodic monitoring of 14 sites using differential Global Positioning Systems (dGPS) and TLS at 4 sites. Synthetic Aperture Radar was app lied for the entire …

Interview With Trudy Toliver, Portland Farmers Market, 2011 (Audio), Trudy Toliver

All Sustainability History Project Oral Histories

Interview of Trudy Toliver by Sara Davenport at Portland, Oregon on August 1st, 2011.

The interview index is available for download.

Bis Photobase Generator, Hoang Tran, Shankar B. Rananavare

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The extension of 193nm technology is desirable due to the magnitude of past investments. Since “optical” advancements are increasingly difficult, there is a strong demand for more sophisticated “smart” resists to increase pattern density. Many studies have proven double pattering can be used for the extension of 193nm lithography. In this study, a new class of two stage photo base generators will be introduced along with the synthetic procedure and molecular characterization. The characterizations for exposure study by NMR have shown typical characteristics to stage decomposition under the exposure of 254nm light as well as promising pitch division. GCMS was …

Positional Control Over Nanoparticle Deposition Into Nanoholes, Moshood K. Morakinyo, Shankar B. Rananavare

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Controlled deposition of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into lithographic patterned nanoholes has been a major challenge. Electrostatic attraction was employed in directing gold NPs of precise size into e-beam lithographically patterned holes. Citrate stabilized gold NPs with a net negative surface charge were deposited on a positively charged well-bottom surface generated by adsorption of long-chain amino-terminated organosilane N-(2-aminoethyl)-11-aminoundecyltrimethoxy- silane (AATMS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that deposition of NPs into patterned holes is a function of deposition time and NPs concentration. Other factors affecting NP fill fraction are thickness of silane and resist layer and spacing between the nanoholes.

Synthesis And Characterization Of N- And P- Doped Tin Oxide Nanowires, Hoang Tran, Shankar B. Rananavare

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bulk-scale synthetic methods for preparing doped tin oxide (SnO₂) nanowires (NWs) are presented. n-and p-doping is achieved through insertion of Antimony and Lithium in tin oxide lattice, respectively. We also present a comparison of the structural and optical properties of SnO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), and SnO₂ NWs. Both n-type and p- type NWs display a characteristic red shift in their photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Surface plasmons observed in these systems imply high carrier concentrations. These corrosion resistant materials are useful in fabricating ultra-sensitive gas detectors and transparent electronics.

Analysis Of The Conformational Behavior And Stability Of The Sap And Tsap Isomers Of Lanthanide(Iii) Nb-Dota-Type Chelates, Gyula Tircso, Benjamin Charles Webber, Benjamin E. Kucera, Victor G. Young, Mark Woods

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Controlling the water exchange kinetics of macrocyclic Gd(3+) chelates, a key parameter in the design of improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media, may be facilitated by selecting the coordination geometry of the chelate. The water exchange kinetics of the mono- capped twisted square antiprism (TSAP) being much closer to optimal than those of the mono capped square antiprism (SAP) render the TSAP isomer more desirable for high relaxivity applications. Two systems have been developed that allow for selection of the TSAP coordination geometry in 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-type Gd(3+) chelates, both based upon the macrocycle nitrobenzyl cyclen. In this paper …

Determination Of The Electric Field Intensity And Space Charge Density Versus Height Prior To Triggered Lightning, Christopher J. Biagi, Martin A. Uman, Jay Gopalakrishnan, J. D. Hill, Vladimir A. Rakov, T. Ngin, Douglas M. Jordan

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We infer the vertical profiles of space charge density and electric field intensity above ground by comparing modeling and measurements of the ground-level electric field changes caused by elevating grounded lightning-triggering wires. The ground-level electric fields at distances of 60 m and 350 m were measured during six wire launches that resulted in triggered lightning. The wires were launched when ground-level electric fields ranged from 3.2 to 7.6 kV m⁻¹ and the triggering heights ranged from 123 to 304 m. From wire launch time to lightning initiation time, the ground-level electric field reduction at 60 m ranged from 2.2 …

Interview With Adam Boesel, Green Micro Gym, 2011 (Audio), Adam Boesel

All Sustainability History Project Oral Histories

Interview of Adam Boesel by Teresa Celestine at Green Micro Gym Portland, Oregon on July 29th, 2011.

The interview index is available for download.

Hiv-1 Matrix Protein Binding To Rna, Ayna Alfadhli, Henry Mcnett, Seyram Tsagli, Hans Peter Bachinger, David H. Peyton

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The matrix (MA) domain of the HIV-1 precursor Gag (PrGag) protein plays multiple roles in the viral replication cycle. One essential role is to target PrGag proteins to their lipid raft-associated phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI[4,5]P2) assembly sites at the plasma membranes (PMs) of infected cells. In addition to this role, several reports have implicated nucleic acid binding properties to retroviral MAs. Evidence indicates that RNA binding enhances the binding specificity of MA to PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes, and supports a hypothesis in which RNA binding to MA acts as a chaperone that protects MA from associating with inappropriate cellular membranes prior to PrGag delivery …

Carbon Sequestration In The New Jersey Pine Barrens Under Different Scenarios Of Fire Management, Robert M. Scheller, Steve Van Tuyl, Kenneth L. Clark, John Hom, Inga La Puma

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The New Jersey Pine Barrens (NJPB) is the largest forested area along the northeastern coast of the United States. The NJPB are dominated by pine (Pinus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) stands that are fragmented and subject to frequent disturbance and forest management. Over long time periods (>50 years), the balance between oak and pine dominance is determined by fire frequency. As a consequence, the ability of the NJPB to sequester carbon may be contingent upon management activities as well as patterns of historic land use. We simulated 100 years of carbon change using three scenarios: (1) contemporary management …

Effectiveness Of Forest Management Strategies To Mitigate Effects Of Global Change In South-Central Siberia, Eric J. Gustafson, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Robert M. Scheller

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

We investigated questions about the ability of broad silvicultural strategies to achieve multiple objectives (reduce disturbance losses, maintain the abundance of preferred species, mitigate fragmentation and loss of age-class diversity, and sequester aboveground carbon) under future climate conditions in Siberia. We conducted a factorial experiment using the LANDIS-II landscape disturbance and succession model. Treatments included varying the size and amount of areas cut and the cutting method (selective or clearcut). Simultaneously, the model simulated natural disturbances (fire, wind, insect out-breaks) and forest succession under projected future climate conditions as predicted by an ensemble of global circulation models. The cutting method …

Planning Approaches For Water Resources Development In The Lower Mekong Basin, Robert Costanza, Ida Kubiszewski, Peter Paquet, Jeffrey King, Shpresa Halimi, Hansa Sanguanngoi, Nguyen Luong Bach, Richard Frankel, Jiragorn Ganaseni, Apisom Intralawan, David Morell

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

Governments in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) face decisions that involve trade-offs between, for example, the economic benefits from hydropower generation and potentially irreversible negative impacts on the ecosystems that provide livelihoods and food security to the rural poor. These decisions involve complex problems that are both poorly understood in scientific terms and subject to rapid, potentially catastrophic change over time. A comprehensive, whole systems approach that adequately addresses the risks and uncertainties involved is necessary, but this is a daunting challenge for researchers, decision makers, and managers. They must develop the capacity to plan, coordinate, and implement a program …

Striation-Based Beamforming For Estimating The Waveguide Invariant With Passive Sonar, Lisa M. Zurk, Daniel Rouseff

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The waveguide invariant summarizes the pattern of constructive and destructive interference between acoustic modes propagating in the ocean waveguide. For many sonar signal-processing schemes, it is essential to know the correct numerical value for the waveguide invariant. While conventional beamforming can estimate the ratio between the waveguide invariant and the range to the source, it cannot unambiguously separate the two terms. In the present work, striationbased beamforming is developed. It is shown that the striation-based beamformer can be used to produce an estimate for the waveguide invariant that is independent of the range. Simulation results are presented.

Electronic Properties Of Metal-Arene Functionalized Graphene, Pavel Plachinda, David Evans, Raj Solanki

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We have employed first-principles density-functional calculations to study the electronic characteristics of covalently functionalized graphene by metal-bis-arene chemistry. It is shown that functionalization with M-bis-arene (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe) molecules leads to an opening in the bandgap of graphene (up to 0.81 eV for the Cr derivative), and as a result, transforms it from a semimetal to a semiconductor. The bandgap induced by attachment of a metal atom topped by a benzene ring is attributed to modification of π-conjugation and depends on the concentration of functionalizing molecules. This approach offers a means of tailoring the band structure …

Investigations Into Whole Water, Prototropic And Amide Proton Exchange In Lanthanide(Iii) Dota-Tetraamide Chelates, Mark Woods, Azhar Pasha, Piyu Zhao, Gyula Tircso, Somdatta Chowdhury, Garry Kiefer, Donald E. Woessner, A. Dean Sherry

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Lanthanide(III) chelates of DOTA-tetraamide ligands have been an area of particular interest since the discovery that water exchange kinetics are dramatically affected by the switch from acetate to amide side-chain donors. More recently these chelates have attracted interest as potential PARACEST agents for use in MRI. In this paper we report the results of studies using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and some more recently reported chelates to re-examine the exchange processes in this class of chelate. We find that the conclusions of Parker and Aime are, for the most part, solid; water exchange is slow and a substantial amount …

Lakeview, Oregon: The Little Town That Collaboration Saved, Laura Singer, Emily Rome, Liubov Doerr, Mari Saint Pierre, Dick Townsend, Alexander Freed, Daniel Mcduffee, Greg Nugent, Gretchen Olsen, Kirk Rea, Melissa Long, Ross D. Lamberth, Shelley D. Searle

National Policy Consensus Center Publications

The assessment team was made up of a diverse group - eight undergraduate PSU students, two graduate teaching assistants and one instructor - representing all ages, interests and fields of study. However, one thing everyone had in common was an interest in learning about collaboration and how it might be used to improve the state of Oregon, the nation and even the world. To that end, everyone participating in the Capstone course hoped to enhance their “Skills for Being an Effective Collaborator.” As this is the first time this course has been offered, we hope our success in meeting its …

Bridging The Marine–Terrestrial Disconnect To Improve Marine Coastal Zone Science And Management, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Elise F. Granek

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Coastal zone ecosystems sit between larger terrestrial and marine environments and, therefore, are strongly affected by processes occurring in both systems. Marine coastal zone systems provide a range of benefits to humans, and yet many have been significantly degraded as a result of direct and indirect human impacts. Management efforts have been hampered by disconnects both between management and scientific research and across linked marine–terrestrial systems. Management jurisdictions often start or end at the shoreline, and multiple agencies at different levels of government often have overlapping or conflicting management goals or priorities, or suffer from a lack of knowledge or …

Valuing Ecological Systems And Services, Robert Costanza, Ida Kubiszewski, David E. Ervin, Randall Bluffstone, Darrell Brown, Heejun Chang, Veronica Dujon, Elise F. Granek, Stephen Polasky, Vivek Shandas, J. Alan Yeakley, James Boyd

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

Making trade-offs between ecological services and other contributors to human well-being is a difficult but critical process that requires valuation. This allows both better recognition of the ecological, social, and economic trade-offs and also allows us to bill those who use up or destroy ecological services and reward those that produce or enhance them. It also aids improved ecosystems policy. In this paper we clarify some of the controversies in defining the contributions to human well-being from functioning ecosystems, many of which people are not even aware of.We go on to describe the applicability of the various valuation methods that …

2011 Commencement Program, Commencement

Commencement Archives 2010-19

The program for the Portland State University Commencement ceremony held June 12, 2011.

The Honorable Betty Roberts, J.D., received an honorary doctorate. Scott Davis, Chairman and CEO of UPS, received an honorary doctorate and delivered the commencement address.

Evolving Machine Morality Strategies Through Multiagent Simulations, David Burke

Systems Science Friday Noon Seminar Series

There is a general consensus among robotics researchers that the world of the future will be filled with autonomous and semi-autonomous machines. There is less of a consensus, though, on the best approach to instilling a sense of 'machine morality' in these systems so that they will be able to have effective interactions with humans in an increasingly complex world. In my talk, we take a brief look at some existing approaches to computational ethics, and then describe work we've undertaken creating multiagent simulations involving moral decision-making during strategic interactions. In these simulations, agents make choices about whether to cooperate …

Interview With Ethan Beck, Ethan Beck Homes, 2011 (Audio), Ethan Beck

All Sustainability History Project Oral Histories

Interview of Ethan Beck by Sara Scott at Portland State University on June 2nd, 2011.

The interview index is available for download.

Assessment Of Statewide Intersection Safety Performance, Christopher M. Monsere, Todd Johnson, Karen Dixon, Jianfei Zheng, Ida Schalkwyk

TREC Final Reports

This report summarizes the results of an analysis of the safety performance of Oregon’s intersections. Following a pilot study, a database of 500 intersections randomly sampled from around the state of Oregon in both urban and rural environments was assembled. These intersections were categorized into eight types based on number of legs (3 and 4), land use (urban or rural) and traffic control (signalized or minor stop-control). These categories were chosen to align with the intersection types in AASHTO’s recently released Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Geometric and traffic control elements were supplemented by compiling crash data and volumes on the …