Digital Commons Network^™

From Lundberg To Sim-Icp: Computational Physiology And Modeling Intracranial Pressure, Brahm Goldstein, Robert Tasker, Wayne Wakeland

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

A simplified dynamic model generates patient-specific estimates of intracranial pressure (Kashif et al., this issue) and suggests a path forward for bringing simulated physiologic models to the patient’s bedside.

A Two-Stage Technology Foresight Model With System Dynamics Simulation And Its Application In The Chinese Ict Industry, Hongyi Chen, Wayne Wakeland, Jiang Yu

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Technology foresight is a process that identifies the critical technologies a country or industry needs to develop in order to shape a desired future. In this paper, a two-stage technology foresight approach is proposed. During the first stage, critical technologies are identified and evaluated by nationwide experts through Delphi surveys. In the second stage, a system dynamics simulation model is used to estimate how critical parameter values are likely to impact the attainment of foresight goals. A detailed illustration of this two-stage process is provided by a technology foresight case study in the Chinese information and communication technologies (ICT) industry. …

Application Of An Adaptive Step-Size Algorithm In Models Of Hyperinflation, Olena Kostyshyna

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

An adaptive step-size algorithm [Kushner and Yin, Stochastic Approximation and Recursive Algorithms and Applications, 2nd ed., New York: Springer-Verlag (2003)] is used to model time-varying learning, and its performance is illustrated in the environment of Marcet and Nicolini [American Economic Review 93 (2003), 1476–1498]. The resulting model gives qualitatively similar results to those of Marcet and Nicolini, and performs quantitatively somewhat better, based on the criterion of mean squared error. The model generates increasing gain during hyperinflations and decreasing gain after hyperinflations end, which matches findings in the data. An agent using this model behaves cautiously when faced …

A New Model For Simulating Climate Change And Carbon Dynamics In Forested Landscapes, Caren C. Dymond, Robert M. Scheller, Sarah Beukema

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Journal of Ecosystems & Management vol. 13 no. 2 2012 news brief .

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes In Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain Wetlands Under Contrasting Land Uses, Jennifer L. Morse, Marcelo Ardón, Emily S. Bernhardt

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Whether through sea level rise or wetland restoration, agricultural soils in coastal areas will be inundated at increasing rates, renewing connections to sensitive surface waters and raising critical questions about environmental trade-offs. Wetland restoration is often implemented in agricultural catchments to improve water quality through nutrient removal. Yet flooding of soils can also increase production of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane, representing a potential environmental trade-off. Our study aimed to quantify and compare greenhouse gas emissions from unmanaged and restored forested wetlands, as well as actively managed agricultural fields within the North Carolina coastal plain, USA. In sampling …

Promoting Cross-Cultural Competence And Awareness In Teacher Education: Toward The Integration Of Western And Non-Western Perspectives, Stephen Woolworth, Vidya Thirumurthy

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

Calls for culturally competent teachers persist amidst the ongoing diversification of the P-12 student population (Aud et al. 2010), continued racial homogeneity of the teacher workforce (Boser, 2011), chronic academic achievement disparities between majority and minority student groups (Vanneman et al., 2009), and persistent racial disproportionality in school discipline practices (Losen et al, 2012). In an effort to encourage and promote cross-cultural competence and awareness, we describe a graduate seminar we designed and taught around the integration of western and nonwestern perspectives on cognition, development and learning. We share a number of insights gained from the seminar experience and conclude …

Student Teacher Field Supervisors Articulate Their Roles, Jan Byers-Kirsch, Naomi Jeffery Petersen

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

The importance of field supervision of student teacher candidates is well-recognized. However, the role of the supervisor is often unarticulated and ambiguous, left to the field supervisor and the candidate to delineate and define. The individual practices of field supervisors are often idiosyncratic representations of the goals of the specific teacher preparation program, or simply based on personal knowledge and experience. What are those supervisory practices, and are there differences based on the supervisors’ professional backgrounds? Based on survey responses from field supervisors at one university, this qualitative investigation suggests supervisors’ professional backgrounds and affiliations with teacher preparation programs do …

Surfactant-Free Hybridization Of Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles With Conductive Graphene For High-Performance Supercapacitor, Wen Qian, Zhiqiang Chen, Steven Cottingham, William Alexander Merrill, Natasja A. Swartz, Andrea Goforth, Tami Lasseter Clare, Jun Jiao

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

In order to improve specific capacitance and limit electrical resistance, high-quality exfoliatedgraphene decorated with transition metal (Fe, Mn, Co) oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been successfully synthesized without the use of surfactant via a simple, general, environmentally-friendly chemical process. The specific capacitance of as-prepared graphene/Mn₃O₄ composite reach 239.6 F/g, when employed as the anode material in neutral NaCl electrolyte solutions (cf. 98.2 F/g for pristine graphene and 141.4 F/g for pure Mn₃O₄ NPs), which indicate the synergetic effects from both graphene and attached Mn₃O₄ NPs. Moreover, the high conductivity of …

Career Coaching Across The Curriculum: Enhancing The Career Competencies Of The 21st Century Learner, Mark W. Slomp, Kerry B. Bernes

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

This article examines the effectiveness of a pilot project offered by members of the Faculty of Education at the University of Lethbridge entitled, ―Career Coaching Across the Curriculum: Integrating Career Development into Classroom Instruction‖. It explores whether this pilot project effectively prepares pre-service teachers to integrate career education into curriculum. It also explores whether this pilot project contributes to the attainment of important career development competencies for students in the Kindergarten-Grade 12 educational system.

Spontaneous Cooperative Assembly Of Replicative Catalytic Rna Systems, Nilesh Vaidya

Dissertations and Theses

The RNA World hypothesis proposes a period of time during the origins of life in which RNA molecules were the only source of both genotypes and phenotypes. Although a vast amount of evidence has been obtained in support of this hypothesis, a few critical demonstrations are lacking. A most crucial one is a demonstration of self-replication of RNA molecule from prebiotic soup. Previously in the Lehman laboratory, it has been demonstrated that a 198-nucleotide molecule derived from the Azoarcus group I intron can self-assemble from up to four fragments of RNA via recombination. Furthermore, the covalent full-length molecules are catalytically …

Asymptotic Reliability Rheory Of K-Out-Of-N Systems, Nuria Torrado, J. J. P. Veerman

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We formulate a theory that allows us to formulate a simple criterion that ensures that two k-out-of-n systems A and are not ordered. If the systems fail the criterion, it does not follow they are ordered. Thus the theory only serves to avoid some a priori useless comparisons: when neither A nor can be said to be better than the other. The power of the theory lies in its wide potential applicability: the assumptions involve very weak estimates on the asymptotic behavior (as t→0 and as t→∞) of the constituent survival probabilities. We include examples.

Identification Of The Biogenic Compounds Responsible For Size-Dependent Nanoparticle Growth, Paul M. Winkler, John Ortega, Thomas Karl, Luca Cappellin, Hans R. Friedli, Kelley Barsanti, Peter H. Mcmurry, James N. Smith

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The probability that freshly nucleated nanoparticles can survive to become cloud condensation nuclei is highly sensitive to particle growth rates. Much of the growth of newly formed ambient nanoparticles can be attributed to oxidized organic vapors originating from biogenic precursor gases. In this study we investigated the chemical composition of size-selected biogenic nanoparticles in the size range from 10 to 40 nm. Particles were formed in a flow tube reactor by ozonolysis ofα-pinene and analyzed with a Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer. While we found similar composition in 10 and 20 nm particles, the relative amounts of …

Diversity Of Archaeosine Synthesis In Crenarchaeota, Gabriela Phillips, Manal A. Swairjo, Kirk W. Gaston, Marc Bailly, Patrick A. Limbach, Dirk Iwata-Reuyl, Valérie De Crécy-Lagard

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Archaeosine (G+) is found at position 15 of many archaeal tRNAs. In Euryarchaeota, the G+ precursor, 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0), is inserted into tRNA by tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (arcTGT) before conversion into G+ by ARChaeosine Synthase (ArcS). However, many Crenarchaeota known to harbor G+ lack ArcS homologs. Using comparative genomics approaches, two families that could functionally replace ArcS in these organisms were identified: 1) GAT-QueC, a two-domain family with an N-terminal glutamine amidotransferase class-II domain fused to a domain homologous to QueC, the enzyme that produces preQ0; 2) QueF-like, a family homologous to the bacterial enzyme catalyzing the reduction of preQ0 to 7- …

Functional Promiscuity Of The Cog0720 Family, Gabriela Phillips, Laura L. Grochowski, Shilah Bonnett, Huimin Xu, Marc Bailly, Crysten Haas-Blaby, Basma El Yacoubi, Dirk Iwata-Reuyl, Robert H. White, Valérie De Crécy-Lagard

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The biosynthesis of GTP derived metabolites such as tetrahydrofolate (THF), biopterin (BH4), and the modified tRNA nucleosides queuosine (Q) and archaeosine (G⁺) relies on several enzymes of the Tunnel-fold superfamily. A subset of these proteins include the 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin (PTPS-II), PTPS-III, and PTPS-I homologs, all members of the COG0720 family, that have been previously shown to transform 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H₂NTP) into different products. PTPS-II catalyzes the formation of 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin in the BH₄ pathway. PTPS-III catalyzes the formation of 6-hydroxylmethyl-7,8-dihydropterin in the THF pathway. PTPS-I catalyzes the formation of 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin in the Q pathway. Genes of these …

Sustainable Operations At Portland State University: Relevant Organizational Issues And A Path Forward, Molly Mae Bressers

Dissertations and Theses

Large organizations such as Portland State University (PSU) play an important role in the environmental impact and sustainability of a city, EcoDistrict and region. Through their resource use and operations, such organizations can assist in mitigating environmental damage, as well as educate their members and community. PSU does not currently have any formal policies that support sustainable operations, and there is room to improve the sustainability of campus operations. Feedback from PSU employees was solicited through two surveys, and these data were qualitatively analyzed to identify salient organizational issues that may serve to inhibit implementation of sustainable operations at PSU. …

Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Assessment Of Native Cartilage Explants And Hydrogel Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering, Sean S. Kohles, Shelley S. Mason, Anya P. Adams, Robert J. Berg, Jessica Blank, Fay Gibson, Johnathan Righetti, Lesha S. Washington, Asit K. Saha

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Non-destructive techniques characterising the mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and biomaterials provide baseline metrics for tissue engineering design. Ultrasonic wave propagation and attenuation has previously demonstrated the dynamics of extracellular matrix synthesis in chondrocyte-seeded hydrogel constructs. In this paper, we describe an ultrasonic method to analyse two of the construct elements used to engineer articular cartilage in real-time, native cartilage explants and an agarose biomaterial. Results indicated a similarity in wave propagation velocity ranges for both longitudinal (1500-1745 m/s) and transverse (350-950 m/s) waveforms. Future work will apply an acoustoelastic analysis to distinguish between the fluid and solid properties including …

Understanding The Emission From Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Beth Ann Manhat

Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation describes the synthesis and characterization of fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) in order to optimize their biomedical utility for imaging and sensing applications. While both direct and indirect bandgap semiconductor NPs have been studied, control over their emission properties vary. Quantum confinement (QC), which primarily controls the emission wavelength of nanosized semiconductors, dictates that as the size of semiconductor NPs decrease, the magnitude of the bandgap increases, resulting in changes in the observed emission wavelength: smaller NPs have a larger bandgap, and thus a bluer emission. However, surface, interfacial, or shell defects can act as non-radiative or radiative recombination …

Stochastic Comparisons Of Order Statistics And Spacings: A Review, Subhash C. Kochar

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We review some of the recent developments in the area of stochastic comparisons of order statistics and sample spacings. We consider the cases when the parent observations are identically as well as nonidentically distributed. But most of the time we will be assuming that the observations are independent. The case of independent exponentials with unequal scale parameters as well as the proportional hazard rate model is discussed in detail.

Built Environment And Its Influences On Walking Among Older Women: Use Of Standardized Geographic Units To Define Urban Forms, Vivian Siu, William E. Lambert, Rongwei Fu, Teresa A. Hillier, Mark Bosworth, Yvonne L. Michael

Institute of Metropolitan Studies Publications

Consensus is lacking on specific and policy-relevant measures of neighborhood attributes that may affect health outcomes. To address this limitation, we created small standardized geographic units measuring the transit, commercial, and park area access, intersection, and population density for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Cluster analysis was used to identify six unique urban forms: central city, city periphery, suburb, urban fringe with poor commercial access, urban fringe with pool park access, and satellite city. The urban form information was linkable to the detailed physical activity, health, and socio-demographic data of 2,005 older women without the use of administrative boundaries. Evaluation …

Institutions For Managing Ecosystem Services, Jennifer H. Allen, Jenny Duvander, Ida Kubiszewski, Elinor Ostrom

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

Two decades of research into the management of what economists call common-pool resources suggests that, under the right conditions, local communities can manage shared resources sustainably and successfully. These revolutionary findings challenge the long-held belief in the "tragedy of the commons." Instead, we have found that tragedy is not inevitable when a shared resource is at stake, provided that people communicate. In many places—from Swiss pastures to Japanese forests—communities have come together for the sake of the environment and their own long-term well-being. Common-pool resources have two features: first, they are shared resources whose use by one person makes them …

A Fair Share Of The Information Commons, Ida Kubiszewski, Robert Costanza

Institute for Sustainable Solutions Publications and Presentations

In this chapter we discuss the special characteristics of information as a type of commons that needs special institutions to manage its production and use effectively and create greater overall economic efficiency, social justice and ecological sustainability. These methods include monetary prizes, publicly funded research from which the produced information is released into the public domain, and status driven incentive structures like those in academia and the open-source community.

Survey Of Aquatic Invasive Species In Selected Umpqua National Forest Lakes And Ponds, Mark D. Sytsma, Rich Miller

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Eleven lakes and ponds within the Umpqua National Forest were surveyed for invasive aquatic macrophytes, snails, bivalves, and crayfish during the summer of 2011. Yellow floating heart (Nymphoides peltata), an invasive floating leaf macrophyte species, was detected in Willow Sump within the Little River drainage. European ear snails (Radix auricularia), an invasive species present in several Umpqua National Forest waterbodies, were detected in Beaver Pond within the Steamboat Creek drainage. One native crayfish species, the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), was observed in Crayfish Lake within the Brice Creek drainage. Diverse assemblages of native plant species were observed in the lakes …

R&D Target-Setting Difficulties Addressed Through Emergent Method: Technology Forecasting Using Data Envelopment Analysis, Ann-Marie Lamb, Timothy R. Anderson, Tugrul Unsal Daim

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The aim of this study is to provide a foundation for researchers and managers to further discuss and resolve difficulties associated with R&D target-setting. While multiple studies mention the difficulty of R&D target-setting, few studies exist which compile reasons for these difficulties; nor do they address this issue in any detail. This paper provides what appears to be one of the first studies outlining reasons for R&D target-setting difficulties through a literature review; then also provides an initial set of analyses and results after applying an emerging quantitative method, Technology Forecasting Using Data Envelopment Analysis (TFDEA) addressing these difficulties, step-by-step …

Parallel Sorting On A Spatial Computer, Max Orhai, Andrew P. Black

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe a parallel sort for a spatial computer that requires minimal communication. We show simulations of the sort in 1 and 2 dimensions.

Presentation slides are located below in the Additional Files

Patterns As Objects In Grace, Andrew P. Black, Michael Homer, James Noble, David J. Pearce, Kim B. Bruce

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Object orientation and pattern matching are often seen as conflicting approaches to program design. Object oriented programs place type-dependent behaviour inside objects and invoke it via dynamic dispatch, while pattern matching programs place type-dependent behaviour outside data structures and invoke it via multiway conditionals (case statements). Grace is a new, dynamic, object-oriented language designed to support teaching: to this end, Grace needs to support both styles. In this paper we explain how this conflict can be resolved gracefully: by modelling patterns and cases as partial functions, reifying those functions as first-class objects, and then building up complex patterns from simpler …

A Seminaphthofluorescein-Based Fluorescent Chemodosimeter For The Highly Selective Detection Of Cysteine, Xiaofeng Yang, Yixing Guo, Robert M. Strongin

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

A fluorescent chemodosimeter for cysteine detection was developed based on a tandem conjugate addition and intramolecular cyclization reaction. The method exhibited an excellent selectivity for cysteine over other biothiols such as homocysteine and glutathione.

Overview Of The 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols And Radiative Effects Study (Cares), Rahul A. Zaveri, William J. Shaw, Daniel J. Cziczo, Beat Schmid, Richard Ferrare, M. Lizabeth Alexander, Raul Alvarez, W. Patrick Arnott, Dean B. Atkinson, Sunil Baidar, Robert M. Banta, James Barnard, Josef Beranek, Larry K. Berg, Fred Brechtel, W. Alan Brewer, John F. Cahill, Brian Cairns, Christopher D. Cappa, D. Chand, S. China, Jennifer M. Comstock, Manvendra K. Dubey, Robert C. Easter, M. H. Erickson, Jerome Fast, Cody Floerchinger, B. Flowers, Edward C. Fortner, Jeffrey S. Gaffney, Mary K. Gilles, Kyle Gorkowski, William Gustafson, Madhu Gyawali, J. Hair, R. M. Hardesty, Joseph Harworth, Scott C. Herndon, Naruki Hiranuma, Chris Hostetler, John M. Hubbe, John T. Jayne, H. Jeong, B. Tom Jobson, Evgueni Kassianov, Lawrence I. Kleinman, C. Kluzek, W. Berk Knighton, Katheryn R. Kolesar, Chongai Kuang, Alena Kubátová, Andrew O. Langford, Alexander Laskin, N. Laulainen, Richard D. Marchbanks, Claudio Mazzoleni, Fan Mei, Ryan C. Moffet, Dan Nelson, Michael Obland, Hilke Oetjen, Timothy B. Onasch, I. Ortega, Matteo Ottaviani, Mikhail Pekour, Kimberly A. Prather, James Gregory Radney, Raymond R. Rogers, Scott P. Sandberg, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Christoph J. Senff, Gunnar I. Senum, Ari Setyan, John E. Shilling, Manishkumar Shrivastava, C. Song, Stephen R. Springston, R. Subramanian, Kaitlyn Suski, Jason Tomlinson, Rainer M. Volkamer, H. W. Wallace, Jian Wang, A. M. Weickmann, Douglas R. Worsnop, Xiao-Ying Yu, Alla Zelenyuk, Qi Zhang

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Substantial uncertainties still exist in the scientific understanding of the possible interactions between urban and natural (biogenic) emissions in the production and transformation of atmospheric aerosol and the resulting impact on climate change. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program’s Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) carried out in June 2010 in Central Valley, California, was a comprehensive effort designed to improve this understanding. The primary objective of the field study was to investigate the evolution of secondary organic and black carbon aerosols and their climate-related properties in the Sacramento urban plume as it was …

Advanced Nanohybrid Materials: Surface Modification And Applications, Li-Hung Liu, Rémi Métivier, Shanfeng Wang, Hui Wang

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The field of functional nanoscale hybrid materials is one of the most promising and rapidly emerging research areas in materials chemistry. Nanoscale hybrid materials can be broadly defined as synthetic materials with organic and inorganic components that are linked together by noncovalent bonds (Class I, linked by hydrogen bond, electrostatic force, or van der Waals force) or covalent bonds (Class II) at nanometer scale. The unlimited possible combinations of the distinct properties of inorganic, organic, or even bioactive components in a single material, either in molecular or nanoscale dimensions, have attracted considerable attention. This approach provides an opportunity to create …

A Locking-Free Hp Dpg Method For Linear Elasticity With Symmetric Stresses, Jamie Bramwell, Leszek Demkowicz, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Weifeng Qiu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present two new methods for linear elasticity that simultaneously yield stress and displacement approximations of optimal accuracy in both the mesh size h and polynomial degree p. This is achieved within the recently developed discontinuous Petrov- Galerkin (DPG) framework. In this framework, both the stress and the displacement ap- proximations are discontinuous across element interfaces. We study locking-free convergence properties and the interrelationships between the two DPG methods.

Instability In A Generalized Keller–Segel Model, Patrick De Leenheer, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Erica Zuhr

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a generalized Keller–Segel model where an arbitrary number of chemical compounds react, some of which are produced by a species, and one of which is a chemoattractant for the species. To investigate the stability of homogeneous stationary states of this generalized model, we consider the eigenvalues of a linearized system. We are able to reduce this infinite dimensional eigenproblem to a parametrized finite dimensional eigenproblem. By matrix theoretic tools, we then provide easily verifiable sufficient conditions for destabilizing the homogeneous stationary states. In particular, one of the sufficient conditions is that the chemotactic feedback is sufficiently strong. Although …