Digital Commons Network^™

A Shift From Drought To Extreme Rainfall Drives A Stable Landslide To Catastrophic Failure, Alexander L. Handwerger, Mong-Han Haung, Eric Jameson Fielding, Adam M. Booth, Roland Burgmann

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The addition of water on or below the earth’s surface generates changes in stress that can trigger both stable and unstable sliding of landslides and faults. While these sliding behaviours are well-described by commonly used mechanical models developed from laboratory testing (e.g., critical-state soil mechanics and rate-and-state friction), less is known about the field-scale environmental conditions or kinematic behaviours that occur during the transition from stable to unstable sliding. Here we use radar interferometry (InSAR) and a simple 1D hydrological model to characterize 8 years of stable sliding of the Mud Creek landslide, California, USA, prior to its rapid acceleration …

The Littlefield Rhyolite And Associated Mafic Lavas: Bimodal Volcanism Of The Columbia River Magmatic Province, With Constraints On Age And Storage Sites Of Grande Ronde Basalt Magmas, Brian Mcculloch Webb, Martin J. Streck, William C. Mcintosh, Mark L. Ferns

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present data that distinguishes the long-known Littlefield Rhyolite of eastern Oregon (northwestern United States) into two distinct, voluminous, Snake River–type, high-temperature rhyolite lava packages that erupted in short sequence overk.y., with minimum volumes of 100 and 150 km3 respectively, contemporaneous with flood basalt volcanism of the Grande Ronde Basalt phase of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Contemporaneity of rhyolites with flood basalts is exceptionally demonstrated within the Malheur Gorge by intercalated mafic units belonging to the Grande Ronde Basalt that are stratigraphically constrained by underlying and overlying Littlefield Rhyolite flows, and the underlying Dinner Creek Tuff (unit 1). Our …

A Simplified, Object-Based Framework For Efficient Landslide Inventorying Using Lidar Digital Elevation Model Derivatives, Michael D. Bunn, Ben A. Leshcinsky, Michael J. Olsen, Adam M. Booth

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Landslide inventory maps are critical to understand the factors governing landslide occurrence and estimate hazards or sediment delivery to channels. Numerous semi-automated approaches for landslide inventory mapping have been proposed to improve the efficiency and objectivity of the process, but these methods have not been widely adopted by practitioners because of the use of input parameters without physical meaning, a lack of transparency in machine-learning based mapping techniques, and limitations in resulting products, which are not ordinarily designed or tested on a large-scale or in diverse geologic units. To this end, this work presents a new semi-automated method, called the …

New Geologic Mapping Of The Northwestern Willamette Valley, Oregon, And Its American Viticultural Areas (Avas)— A Foundation For Understanding Their Terroir, Ray E. Wells, Ralph Haugerud, Alan Niem, Lina Ma, Ian Madin, Russell Evarts

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

A geologic map of the greater Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area is planned that will document the region’s complex geology (currently in review: “Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington,” by Wells, R.E., Haugerud, R.A., Niem, A., Niem, W., Ma, L., Evarts, R., Madin, I., and others). The map, which is planned to be published as a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map, will consist of 51 7.5′ quadrangles covering more than 2,500 square miles, and it will represent more than 100 person-years of geologic mapping and studies. The region was mapped at the …

Accurate Lattice Parameters From 2d-Periodic Images For Subsequent Bravais Lattice Type Assignments, Peter Moeck, Paul R. Destefano

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Three different algorithms, as implemented in three different computer programs, were put to the task of extracting direct space lattice parameters from four sets of synthetic images that were per design more or less periodic in two dimensions (2D). One of the test images in each set was per design free of noise and, therefore, genuinely 2D periodic so that it adhered perfectly to the constraints of a Bravais lattice type, Laue class, and plane symmetry group. Gaussian noise with a mean of zero and standard deviations of 10 and 50% of the maximal pixel intensity was added to the …

Ozone Balances In Urban Saudi Arabia, M. A. K. Khalil, Christopher L. Butenhoff, R.M. Harrison

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Net ozone production rates averaging 130 ppb/h lasting 3–5 h are calculated for five cities of urban Saudi Arabia where hourly ozone and NO2 measurements were taken for a whole year. Concentrations of ozone in the cities are not unusually high at ~40 ppb during the peak 4 h, but are 50–60 ppb at altitude throughout the day. A mass balance of ozone reveals that the locations represented by the sites export ozone during the peak production periods before mid-day at average rates comparable to the net production, but later a substantial import of ozone is required to balance the …

Voice Over Internet Protocol (Voip) Best Service Provider Decision Making With Using Hierarchical Decision Model (Hdm), Fayez Alsoubaie

Engineering and Technology Management Student Projects

Most technical researchers expect VoIP will lead the future communications. VoIP services are offered by a wide range of providers based on the customer’s intended business or corporate need. It is thus plausible for any entity to do a well detailed research on selecting best VoIP provider that would maximize the efficiency of their work. In a hierarchical structure of a given organization the choice of VoIP is determined by the number of users through the different protocols, number of devices that are required to attain a complete network, the most lucrative choice will also be based on multi criteria …

The Pacific Sentinel, January 2018, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Kasey Colton

Articles in this issue include:

• The Freedom of the "Explore Feed";
• Propagating Hate;
• The Rebellion Against Sci-Fi Precedent;
• Is Moviepass the Future of Hollywood or an Unsustainable Business?;
• On Pecans, AOL, and 'Facebook Jail';
• Don't Believe a Crocodile's Hype;
• A Foolproof Guide to New Year's Resolutions;
• The Disaster Artist;
• The Princess Without a Voice; and
• Nintendo is Stuck in the Past: Their Love for Nostalgia Will be Their Downfall;

Bulletin: General Catalog Issue 2018-2019, Portland State University

Bulletin & Curriculum Change Documents

Volume 1 - Programs is available via the Download option, Volume 2- Courses is available in the Additional Files below

Assessing Effort Shifts And Familial Succession In Oregon’S Nearshore Fisheries, Bryn Ellen Hudson

Environmental Science and Management Professional Master's Project Reports

Since the industrial revolution, natural resource systems have rapidly modernized and globalized. Commercial fishing industries have expanded and optimized resource extraction but have often times exceeded sustainable levels of harvest. In the Pacific Northwestern United States, the commercial fishing industry is one of particular economic and cultural importance. Due to reduced yield of many native fish stocks, marine reserves have been implemented in Oregon’s nearshore waters in an effort to conserve biodiversity. While spatial closures of marine reserves seek to preserve and stabilize Oregon’s ocean ecosystems, adverse socioeconomic implications are inevitably created when profitable waters are set aside. A main …

Reconsidering Barriers To Wind Power Projects: Community Engagement, Developer Transparency And Place, Jeremy Firestone, Ben Hoen, Joseph Rand, Debi Elliot, Gundula Hübner, Johannes Pohl

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

In 2016, we undertook a nationally representative wind power perceptions survey of individuals living within 8?km of over 600 projects in the United States, generating 1705 telephone, web, and mail responses. We sought information on a variety of topics, including procedural fairness and its relationship to project attitude, the foci of the present analysis. We present a series of descriptive statistics and regression results, emphasizing those residents who were aware of their local project prior to construction. Sample weighting is employed to account for stratification and non-response. We find that a developer being open and transparent, a community being able …

What Teacher Educators Learned About Negotiating Power Relationships During Lesson Study Planning, Susan J. Lenski, Nicole R. Rigelman, Anita L. Bright, Gayle Thieman, Bernd R. Ferner

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

The purpose of this study was for eight university-based teacher educators to experience Lesson Study planning in order to gain a deeper understanding of the power relationships our teacher candidates experience in student teaching. Data included six video recorded and transcribed planning sessions. Data analysis focused on the power relationships evident in the teacher educators’ lesson planning process, including positions of power that were identified as sole leadership, challenged leadership, and shared leadership. Implications for incorporating lesson study with teacher candidates include increased sensitivity to power dynamics and leadership roles during planning.

On The Girth And Diameter Of Generalized Johnson Graphs, Louis Anthony Agong, Carmen Amarra, John Caughman, Ari J. Herman, Taiyo S. Terada

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Let v > k > i be non-negative integers. The generalized Johnson graph, J(v,k,i), is the graph whose vertices are the k-subsets of a v-set, where vertices A and B are adjacent whenever |A∩B|= i. In this article, we derive general formulas for the girth and diameter of J(v,k,i). Additionally, we provide a formula for the distance between any two vertices A and B in terms of the cardinality of their intersection.

Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction Of Sd-Oct Data Using Macular Flatspace, Andrew Lang, Aaron Carass, Bruno M. Jedynak, Sharon D. Solomon, Peter A. Calabresi, Jerry L. Prince

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Images of the retina acquired using optical coherence tomography (OCT) often suffer from intensity inhomogeneity problems that degrade both the quality of the images and the performance of automated algorithms utilized to measure structural changes. This intensity variation has many causes, including off-axis acquisition, signal attenuation, multi-frame averaging, and vignetting, making it difficult to correct the data in a fundamental way. This paper presents a method for inhomogeneity correction by acting to reduce the variability of intensities within each layer. In particular, the N3 algorithm, which is popular in neuroimage analysis, is adapted to work for OCT data. N3 works …

High-Order Method For Evaluating Derivatives Of Harmonic Functions In Planar Domains, Jeffrey S. Ovall, Samuel E. Reynolds

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We propose a high-order integral equation based method for evaluating interior and boundary derivatives of harmonic functions in planar domains that are specified by their Dirichlet data.

Bootcmatch: A Software Package For Bootstrap Amg Based On Graphweighted Matching, Pasqua D'Ambra, Salvatore Filipone, Panayot S. Vassilevski

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article has two main objectives: one is to describe some extensions of an adaptive Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) method of the form previously proposed by the first and third authors, and a second one is to present a new software framework, named BootCMatch, which implements all the components needed to build and apply the described adaptive AMG both as a stand-alone solver and as a preconditioner in a Krylov method. The adaptive AMG presented is meant to handle general symmetric and positive definite (SPD) sparse linear systems, without assuming any a priori information of the problem and its origin; the …

Clustering And Multifacility Location With Constraints Via Distance Function Penalty Methods And Dc Programming, Mau Nam Nguyen, Thai An Nguyen, Sam Reynolds, Tuyen Tran

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper is a continuation of our effort in using mathematical optimization involving DC programming in clustering and multifacility location. We study a penalty method based on distance functions and apply it particularly to a number of problems in clustering and multifacility location in which the centers to be found must lie in some given set constraints. We also provide different numerical examples to test our method.

Two Cognitive Transitions Underlying The Capacity For Cultural Evolution, Liane Gabora, Cameron M. Smith

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper proposes that the distinctively human capacity for cumulative, adaptive, open-ended cultural evolution came about through two temporally-distinct cognitive transitions. First, the origin of Homo-specific culture over two MYA was made possible by the onset of a finer-grained associative memory that allowed episodes to be encoded in greater detail. This in turn meant more overlap amongst the distributed representations of these episodes, such that they could more readily evoke one another through self-triggered recall (STR). STR enabled representational redescription, the chaining of thoughts and actions, and the capacity for a stream of thought. Second, fully cognitive modernity following the …

Technology Foresight: A Bibliometric Analysis To Identify Leading And Emerging Methods, Elizabeth Gibson, Tugrul U. Daim, Edwin Garces, Marina Dabic

Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Foresight studies provide essential information used by the government, industry and academia for technology planning and knowledge expansion. They are complicated, resource-intensive, and quite expensive. The approach, methods, and techniques must be carefully identified and selected. Despite the global importance of foresight activities, there are no frameworks to help one develop and plan a proper foresight study. This paper begins Keywords: technology foresight; strategic foresight; adaptive foresight; Social Network Analysis (SNA); bibliometric tools; data mining; text mining. to close this gap by analyzing and comparing different schools of thought and updating the literature with the most current tools and methods. …

Psu Green Building Internship Final Presentation, 2018: Karl Miller Center Post-Occupancy Study, Omar Abu Sulaiman, Jocelyn Reynolds

Campus Sustainability Office Publications, Reports and Presentations

Intent of Study:

Determine if the mechanical and passive design strategies in the KMC are functioning properly to provide appropriate levels of thermal comfort to occupants.

Paracest Agents Encapsulated In Reverse Nano-Assembled Capsules (Racs): How Slow Molecular Tumbling Can Quench Cest Contrast, Annah Farashishiko, Jacqueline R. Slack, Mauro Botta, Mark Woods

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although paraCEST is a method with immense scope for generating image contrast in MRI, it suffers from the serious drawback of high detection limits. For a typical discrete paraCEST agent the detection limit is roughly an order of magnitude higher than that of a clinically used relaxation agent. One solution to this problem may be the incorporation of a large payload of paraCEST agents into a single macromolecular agent. Here we report a new synthetic method for accomplishing this goal: incorporating a large payload of the paraCEST agent DyDOTAM3+ into a Reverse Assembled nano-Capsule. An aggregate can be generated between …

Varied Length Stokes Shift Bodipy-Based Fluorophores For Multicolor Microscopy, Amy M. Bittel, Ashley M. Davis, Lei Wang, Michel A. Nederlof, Jorge O. Escobedo, Robert Strongin, Summer L. Gibbs

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Multicolor microscopy tools necessary to localize and visualize the complexity of subcellular systems are limited by current fluorophore technology. While commercial fluorophores cover spectral space from the ultraviolet to the near infrared region and are optimized for conventional bandpass based fluorescence microscopy, they are not ideal for highly multiplexed fluorescence microscopy as they tend to have short Stokes shifts, restricting the number of fluorophores that can be detected in a single sample to four to five. Herein, we synthesized a library of 95 novel boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)- based fluorophores and screened their photophysical, optical and spectral properties for their utility in …

Free-Base Nicotine Determination In Electronic Cigarette Liquids By 1H Nmr Spectroscopy, Anna K. Duell, James F. Pankow, David H. Peyton

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

E-liquids usually contain significant nicotine, which will exist primarily in two forms, monoprotonated and free-base, the proportions of which are alterable through the effective pH of the medium. The fraction of nicotine in the free-base form is α_fb, with 0 ≤ α_fb ≤ 1. When dosed via aerosol, the two nicotine forms have different mechanisms and kinetics of delivery, as well as differing implications for harshness of the inhaled aerosol, so α_fb is relevant regarding abuse liability. Previous attempts to determine α_fb in electronic cigarette liquids and vapor have been flawed. We employed the exchange-averaged …

Boiling Points Of The Propylene Glycol + Glycerol System At 1 Atmosphere Pressure: 188.6–292 °C Without And With Added Water Or Nicotine, Anna K. Duell, James F. Pankow, Samantha M. Gillette, David H. Peyton

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Water Quality Factor Prediction Using Supervised Machine Learning, Kathleen Joslyn

REU Final Reports

The objective of this research is to explore prediction accuracy of water quality factors, with techniques and algorithms in machine learning consisting of a variation of support vector machines - Support Vector Regression (SVR) and the gradient boosting algorithm Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Both the XGBoost and SVR algorithms were used to predict nine different factors with success rates ranging from 79% to 99%. Parameters of these algorithms were also explored to test the prediction accuracy levels of individual water quality factors. These parameters included normalizing the data, filling missing data points, and training and testing on a large set …

Effects Of Land Development And Season On Heavy Metal Concentrations In Urban Streams, Helen Daigle

REU Final Reports

Although it is generally understood that urban development can impact the quality of urban streams, there are many factors that affect the concentrations of pollutants being transferred from the built environment to a given output. This study examines the impact of land use surrounding urban streams, specifically, the degree of development and presence or absence of green infrastructure (GI) in these areas on heavy metal (HM) concentrations in Portland, Oregon. After collecting 1021 water quality samples from 2010-2018, we examined the difference in concentrations of HM pollutants across different combinations of land use and season. Increased levels of calcium, magnesium, …

Terahertz Imaging Of Thin Film Layers With Matched Field Processing, Scott Schecklman, Lisa M. Zurk

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Terahertz (THz) time of flight (TOF) tomography systems offer a new measurement modality for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of the subsurface layers of protective coatings and/or laminated composite materials for industrial, security and biomedical applications. However, for thin film samples, the time-of-flight within a layer is less than the duration of the THz pulse and consequently there is insufficient range resolution for NDE of the sample under test. In this paper, matched field processing (MFP) techniques are applied to thickness estimation in THz TOF tomography applications, and these methods are demonstrated by using measured THz spectra to estimate the the thicknesses …

Actual Vs. Perceived Hiv Testing Norms, And Personal Hiv Testing Uptake: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study In Rural Uganda, Jessica M. Perkins, Viola N. Nyakato, Bernard Kakuhikire, Pamela K. Mbabazi, H. Wesley Perkins, Alexander C. Tsai, Sv Subramanian, Nicholas A. Christakis, David Bangsberg

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

HIV testing is an essential part of treatment and prevention. Using population-based data from 1664 adults across eight villages in rural Uganda, we assessed individuals’ perception of the norm for HIV testing uptake in their village and compared it to the actual uptake norm. In addition, we examined how perception of the norm was associated with personal testing while adjusting for other factors. Although the majority of people had been tested for HIV across all villages, slightly more than half of men and women erroneously thought that the majority in their village had never been tested. They underestimated the prevalence …

Regional Climate Model Evaluation System Powered By Apache Open Climate Workbench V1.3.0: An Enabling Tool For Facilitating Regional Climate Studies, Huikyo Lee, Alexander Goodman, Lewis Mcgibbney, Duane E. Waliser, Jinwon Kim, Paul C. Loikith, Peter B. Gibson, Elias C. Massoud

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Regional Climate Model Evaluation System (RCMES) is an enabling tool of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to support the United States National Climate Assessment. As a comprehensive system for evaluating climate models on regional and continental scales using observational datasets from a variety of sources, RCMES is designed to yield information on the performance of climate models and guide their improvement. Here, we present a user-oriented document describing the latest version of RCMES, its development process, and future plans for improvements. The main objective of RCMES is to facilitate the climate model evaluation process at regional scales. RCMES …

Mechanisms Controlling Copper Transport In Natural Soils, Julie A. Luisi

Civil and Environmental Engineering Master's Project Reports

Biosolids are used as amendments to agricultural soils and can be a source of trace metals. It is unknown if these land-applied trace metals travel through the soil column to the water table. This study aims to determine the transport behavior of copper in natural soils, including 'aged' soils, commercial agricultural soils that have had multiple years of biosolids applications. Using acid digests and Darcy column apparatus it was determined that factors such as pH, soil composition, especially organic matter content, and the presence of other trace metals influence copper’s complex transport behavior in these soils. Natural soil appears to …