Digital Commons Network^™

Layout Synthesis For Datapath Designs, Naveen Buddi

Dissertations and Theses

As datapath chips such as microprocessors and digital signal processors become more complex, efficient CAD tools that preserve the regularity of datapath designs and result in small layout area are required. The standard-cell placement techniques ignore the regularity of datapath designs and hence give inefficient layouts. This has necessitated the development of new techniques for datapath module placement.

We developed a layout synthesis tool DataPathLAYOUT, for the bit-slice datapath logic designed using standard-cell libraries. We developed fast and area efficient heuristics for placing the cells in a bit-slice such that the regularity of datapath circuits is preserved and the number …

Faculty Senate Monthly Packet April 1996, Portland State University Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Monthly Packets

The April 1996 Monthly packet includes the April agenda and appendices and the Faculty Senate minutes and attachments from the meeting held March 1996.

Alexander Vi: Renaissance Pope, Jonathan P. Zorich

Dissertations and Theses

The life of Pope Alexander VI has been the object of controversy for centuries. He has often been portrayed in terms of moral extremes. Those historians who have been critical of his methods and motives have depicted the Borgia pope as evil incarnate. For them, Alexander VI was the ultimate symbol of papal corruption. Those historians sympathetic with the church have claimed that Alexander was a slandered and misunderstood figure.

In reality, Alexander VI could most accurately be described as temporal prince so typical of the Renaissance. In many respects, he was no better or worse than any other pontiff …

Groundwater Recharge Of The Middle Deschutes Basin, Oregon, Thomas Gene Boyd

Dissertations and Theses

All surface water in the Middle Deschutes River basin of Oregon has already been allocated. Growth in the basin has put pressure on the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) to grant an increasing number of groundwater permits. The OWRD is concerned that the allocation of too much groundwater will cause adverse effects on other groundwater users and surface water supplies and ultimately lead to groundwater depletion. For this reason, the U.S. Geological Survey is presently undertaking the first in-depth study of the groundwater resources of the basin.

As part of this USGS study, I estimated recharge rates and their distribution …

Parental Perceptions Of Articulation Intervention Services Received At Portland State University, Janet Ann Murphy

Dissertations and Theses

Now more than ever, speech clinicians are being required to justify the effectiveness of their work by showing results. There are different ways to measure outcomes. For example, outcomes may be measured by testing to determine if change has occurred regarding clinical goals, or by comparing the cost of the treatment to the benefit of the treatment to determine if the treatment was economically sound. Another type of measure is subjective outcomes, such as client satisfaction. Subjective outcomes are difficult to define and measure and few studies of this type have been reported in the literature. Because clinical outcome is …

Social Stratification Within A Protohistoric Plankhouse Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Use-Wear And Spatial Distribution Analysis Of Chipped Lithic Artifacts, Cameron Mcpherson Smith

Dissertations and Theses

The spatial distribution of chipped lithic artifacts excavated at site 35C05, a Chinookan plankhouse of the protohistoric period, was observed to test the hypothesis that a gradient of material culture -- reflecting social status -- should be evident within the plankhouse, ranging from the highest to the lowest social rank. Prior to the spatial analysis, use-wear analysis was used to evaluate the classificatory labels used to describe the assemblage by a previous researcher. The use-wear analysis largely confirmed the functional classification of chipped lithic artifacts used by the previous researcher. The spatial analyses revealed that while most tool types were …

Efficient Buffer Allocation Scheme For Bursty Traffic In Atm Networks Using Fast Reservation Protocol, Nikhil Mukund Deshpande

Dissertations and Theses

One of the major problems in the realization of ATM is traffic management, in particular, the resource allocation for an efficient network. Many approaches to the bandwidth management problems [2] and buffer management problems have been proposed. Boyer [10] suggested a "Fast Bandwidth Reservation" protocol, while Turner [2] applied the same technique to the buffer allocation for the bursty traffic. In this thesis, we extend Turner's scheme in order to make it more efficient with respect to buffer allocation. We define a new parameter "Reduction Factor'', which has the potential of saving a significant amount of buffer space in a …

Study Abroad And Self-Perceptions Of Cross-Cultural Adaptability, Heidi C. King

Dissertations and Theses

With growing recognition of the duality of language and culture, the TESOL profession is placing increasing emphasis on the importance of understanding intercultural dynamics in the second language classroom. Currently, however, there is a lack of empirical information and measurement instruments to aid understanding within the field of cross-cultural communication. In response to this lack of instrumentation, Kelley and Meyers (1993) recently created the Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI), a 5 0-item, self-perception inventory designed to measure cross-cultural adaptability through a total score and four contributing dimensions: Emotional Resilience, Flexibility/Openness, Perceptual Acuity and Personal Autonomy. The two primary purposes of this …

Oregon's Oil: A Geographic View Of Petroleum Distribution And Associated Risks, Paul M. Slyman

Dissertations and Theses

Since no local crude oil sources exist, every drop of petroleum consumed in Oregon originates from outside sources and is distributed multi-modally to consumers. As population continues to increase and oil sources dwindle, this reliance may add financial and environmental risks to Oregonian' s quality of life. This paper examines Oregon's oil distribution system, and analyzes the risks oil movements pose in the state. A comprehensive understanding of oil distribution in Oregon can best be gained geographically. Pipelines, ships, barges, railroads and trucks play different roles in this system, yet data for these transport modes are maintained by different groups …

A Cross-Cultural Study Of The Speech Act Of Refusing In English And German, Charla Margaret Teufel

Dissertations and Theses

Language students must learn to communicate effectively in cross-cultural settings, avoiding unwitting violations of culturally determined norms of behavior. This study compares German learners of English (GEs) with native speakers of English (AEs) and German (GGs), studying pragmatic transfer associated with the face-threatening speech act of refusal.

Data elicitation involved a written role-play questionnaire composed of twelve refusal situations, including four refusal stimulus types (requests, invitations, offers, and suggestions) and interlocutors of higher, lower, and equal status. Response strategies were identified and classified, and the three groups were compared in terms of frequency and content of strategies chosen.

Overall, the …

Justice Delayed: A Sixty Year Battle For Indian Fishing Sites, Roberta Ulrich

Dissertations and Theses

The Army Corps of Engineers promised in 1939 that it would provide six fishing sites totaling 400 acres for Indian fishermen to replace 40 sites that would be flooded by the pool behind Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. The agreement with the Warm Springs, Yakima and Umatilla tribes and Columbia River Indians also included construction of living quarters, boat launches, drying sheds and sanitary facilities. Only five sites were ever acquired and drying sheds and sanitary facilities were built on only two.

This paper traces the delays through war, congressional appropriations, negotiations over sites, law suits, construction of new …

An Analysis Of Spondee Recognition Thresholds In Auditory-Only And Audio-Visual Conditions, Brenene Marie Brady-Herbst

Dissertations and Theses

To date there are no acceptable speechreading tests with normative or psychometric data indicating the test is a valid and reliable measure of speechreading assessment. Middlewerd and Plomp (1987) completed a study of speechreading assessment using sentences (auditory-only and auditory-visual) in the presence of background noise. Results revealed speech reception thresholds to be lower in the auditory-visual condition. Montgomery and Demorest (1988) concurred that these results were appealing, but unfortunately not efficient enough to be used clinically.

The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically valid and reliable assessment of speech reading ability, following Middlewerd and Plomp's (1987) …

The Use Of Hydrochemistry To Identify Potential Processes Operating In The Saddle Mountains Basalt Aquifer And The Use Of The Nitrate-Nitrogen Isotope To Distinguish Between Potential Sources Of Nitrate To The Shallow Alluvial Aquifer In The Lower Umatilla Basin, Oregon, Margot Truini

Dissertations and Theses

Nitrate concentration in excess of national drinking-water standards (10 mg/l) are present in the shallow alluvial aquifer and Saddle Mountains Basalt (SMB) aquifer in the Lower Umatilla Basin, Oregon. To determine sources responsible for elevated nitrate concentrations in the SMB aquifer mass-balance and reaction-path models (NETPATH and PHREEQE) were used to understand observed geochemical trends. Nitrate-nitrogen isotopes were used to distinguish potential nitrate sources in the shallow alluvial aquifer. NETPATH-validated simple water/rock reactions in the SMB aquifers in Irrigon (dissolving glass, precipitating smectite, dissolving or precipitating calcite, and cation exchange) using constituents (calcium, magnesium, sodium and carbon). Diversity of composition …

City Club Of Portland Report: The Initiative And Referendum In Oregon, City Club Of Portland (Portland, Or.)

City Club of Portland

No abstract provided.

Heme Proton Resonance Assignments And Kinetics Study In High-Spin And Mixed-Spin Metmyoglobin Complexes By Chemical Exchange Nmr Spectroscopy, Ying Luo

Dissertations and Theses

NMR studies of paramagnetic hemoproteins have improved significantly our understanding of the structure-function relationship of hemoproteins in general. Up to date most of the studies focus on low-spin ferric systems which are characterized by relatively narrow resonance peaks and concomitant better resolution.

However, characterizing in detail the NMR spectra of high-spin ferric hemoproteins is important since there are several hemoproteins, such as peroxidases, catalases, oxygenases, and some ferricytochromes that contain high-spin iron (III) in their biologically active forms. Yet assigning resonances from heme peripheral protons and/or heme pocket residues in high-spin myoglobins is a daunting undertaking. Only a sparse number …

A Prolog Lexical Phrase Computer Assisted Language Learning Module, Yuji Gene Hirayama

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis presents the design of a computer assisted language learning (CALL) program written in the computer language, PROLOG. It will provide a practice exercise to teach "lexical phrases" to second language learning students of English. Lexical phrases are lexico-grammatical "chunks" of words, which possess specific pragmatic functions within spoken discourse (Nattinger and DeCarrico, 1992). These form/function composites of varying length aid conversational fluency. The program presents a scenario where the participants are college students who pass one another in the hallway. After they exchange initial greetings, the first participant (i.e., the computer) informs the other student that a test, …

The Japanese Approach To The End Of The Pacific War, Atsuo Hirano

Dissertations and Theses

Before World War II ended with the Japanese surrender to the Allied Nations on August 15, 1945, the United States dropped the atomic bomb on a Japanese city of Hiroshima. For fifty years, the question of whether the atomic bomb was necessary to end the war has been discussed by historians and journalists.

The purpose of this thesis is to clarify the Japanese situation in the spring and summer of 1945 by reading the statements and ideas of the Japanese Emperor, government officials and military officers at the time.

Since the Japanese Emperor was believed to have played a significant …

"With A View Toward Their Civilization": Women And The Work Of Indian Reform, Terri Christian Theisen

Dissertations and Theses

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, white middle and upper class women active in reform became involved in the movement for American Indian reform. Focusing on the so-called "Indian problem," groups such as the Women's National Indian Association (WNIA) were formed to address the injustices against, and sufferings of, American Indian people at the hands of the U.S. military due to the increasing pressures and demands of western migration. This study addresses the role white women played in the movement for Indian reform through their involvement either as part of the WNIA membership or as missionaries, teachers or …

Nonlinearities In The Base Emitter Junction Of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors, Oliver Woywode

Dissertations and Theses

The nonlinear behaviour of the base emitter junction in HBTs is investigated. Nonlinearities cause troublesome distortion and intermodulation of signals and raise the bit error rate. They are therefore a key issue in microwave communication systems. Hewlett-Packard's Microwave Design System (MDS) software package has been used to simulate these phenomena. The simulation results are verified by an analytical method called nonlinear current method which is a derivative of the Volterra series approach. With the aid of this method new analytical expressions are derived that provide insight into the subtleties of nonlinear phenomena. These expressions are evaluated by the program MAPLE …

An Examination Of Factors Influencing Self Versus Supervisory Referrals To An Employee Assistance Program, Jeffrey M. Gray

Dissertations and Theses

It is estimated that 20% of American employees have some sort of a personal problem that substantially hinders their work performance. This can result in future consequences for both the employee and employer, such as loss of job by the employee and increased expenses for the employer. Employee Assistance Programs (EAP's) are one of the leading approaches used in an attempt to mitigate problems experienced by distressed workers. EAP's are formal intervention systems that assist employees with a variety of personal problems. Studies have shown that EAP's are effective in treating employee problems, however, most employees do not take advantage …

Temperament And Language Development In First Grade Children, Loretta Marcia Kellogg

Dissertations and Theses

Many young children develop language over a broad range of ages yet present as having normal language development. When language development lags behind what is considered a normal time line, it is important to consider the various factors that may contribute to the delay in development. The purpose of the current study was to examine various aspects of temperament among three groups of children with varying language histories. The specific question to be answered was, do significant differences occur on parent and clinician questionnaires of temperament among three groups of first grade children demonstrating varying levels of language development: those …

Where The Extreme Right Took Root: A Comparison Of Midwestern Counties In The 1980s, Joseph B. Allen

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis evaluates two theories purporting to explain the rise of right-wing extremism in the Midwest during the farm crisis of the 1980s. The pluralist argument suggests that Midwestern right-wing extremism was rooted in previous episodes of agrarian radicalism. The political tradition perspective, on the other hand, claims that right-wing extremism in the Midwest was rooted in traditional conservatism. To evaluate these theories, an analysis of ten counties was performed. Particular attention was paid to seven variables which theorists argue point agriculturally based communities down political paths of radicalism or conservatism. Regional analyses were also performed on those counties which …

Relationship Of Marital Types And Conflict Styles, Lynn Marie Stanek

Dissertations and Theses

Communication is an integral part of all relationships. The intent of this study was to discover if certain individual preferences for approaching conflict occur in a significant fashion between the partners of particular types of marriages. In addition, this study meant to better understand how conflict is perceived and responded to, in marriage and/or long term relationships. Fitzpatrick's (1977) Relational Dimensions Inventory (RDI), was used for this study to characterize three dimensions of marriage: interdependence, ideology, and conflict engagement/avoidance, resulting in the following marital types: Traditionals, Independents, Separates, and Mixed. Rahim's (1983) instrument, the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI), was …

Alpine Soil Geomorphology: The Development And Characterization Of Soil In The Alpine-Subalpine Zone Of The Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, Charles Edward Allen

Dissertations and Theses

Alpine soils are young, poorly developed soils that occur above treeline. This study investigates soils located in the alpine-subalpine zone of the Wallowa Mountains, northeast Oregon. Parent material, topography, and vegetation are the most influential pedogenic factors in the high alpine landscape of the Wallowas. Soil samples were collected from the Eagle Cap Wilderness Area of the Wallowas at three mountain locations: Eagle Cap, Sacajawea, and Matterhorn. Catenas were studied in the Windblown and Minimum Snowcover zones to examine different pedogenic factors, according to the Synthetic Alpine Slope model. · Field and laboratory testing characterized the alpine soils as predominantly …

Compiling Evaluable Functions In The GöDel Programming Language, David Shapiro

Dissertations and Theses

We present an extension of the Gödel logic programming language code generator which compiles user-defined functions. These functions may be used as arguments in predicate or goal clauses. They are defined in extended Gödel as rewrite rules. A translation scheme is introduced to convert function definitions into predicate clauses for compilation. This translation scheme and the compilation of functional arguments both employ leftmost-innermost narrowing. As function declarations are indistinguishable from constructor declarations, a function detection method is implemented.

The ultimate goal of this research is the implementation of extended Gödel using needed narrowing. The work presented here is …

The Genetic Algorithm And Maximum Entropy Dice, Laura Suzanne Fellman

Dissertations and Theses

The Brandeis dice problem, originally introduced in 1962 by Jaynes as an illustration of the principle of maximum entropy, was solved using the genetic algorithm, and the resulting solution was compared with that obtained analytically. The effect of varying the genetic algorithm parameters was observed, and the optimum values for population size, mutation rate, and mutation interval were determined for this problem. The optimum genetic algorithm program was then compared to a completely random method of search and optimization. Finally, the genetic algorithm approach was extended to several variations of the original problem for which an analytical approach would be …

Reading Abilities And Phonological Skills Of Second Grade Children With Three Different Language Histories: Normal, Delayed, And Chronically Delayed, Candace Jane Murray

Dissertations and Theses

This study was part of the Portland Language Development Project, a longitudinal study of early expressive language delay. Its purpose was twofold. The first was to examine phonological and reading abilities in second grade children with a history of language delay. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between phonological processing abi1ities and reading skills in these children. Second grade children were assigned to one of three groups, based on their history and current Development Sentence Score (DSS) score: (a) normal language (NL), those with more than 50 words at 20-34 months and above the tenth percentile on the …

Typologies Of Homeless Youth, Orion Isis Gray

Anthós Journal (1990-1996)

This paper is a shortened version of Gray’s thesis.

Typologies of homeless youth help researchers and service providers understand who they are working with. However, most of the work on "homeless and runaway youth," as they are often referred to, does not take into account the subtypes within this vast population. Instead of taking such distinctions for granted, this paper focuses on them. The different sections of the paper define and examine these different subtypes. By the conclusion of the thesis, the reader should be able to form an educated opinion on the utility of some of the different typologies …

Organizational Responses To Educational Telecommunications Policy In Three States: Oregon, Colorado, And Utah, Kathi Arlene Ketcheson

Dissertations and Theses

Prior research on statewide educational telecommunications has focused on cataloging initiatives in various states, describing activities in individual states, or in exploring telecommunications policy from a planning-level perspective. In these studies, it is recognized that policies and implementation behaviors vary across individual states; however, a theoretical basis for how and why policy and implementation models differ among states has not been provided. Research also suggests that many states are moving toward the adoption of successful models from other states, and that there is a need for policy research to assist states in developing policies. This dissertation attempts to apply the …

Captive Environmental Influences On Behavior In Zoo Drills And Mandrills (Mandrillus), A Threatened Genus Of Primate, Erik Terdal

Dissertations and Theses

Drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus) are an endangered species of African monkey (Cercopithecidae), and their sole congener the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) is vulnerable to extinction. Both species are threatened in the wild by deforestation and hunting.

Drills have a poor record of captive reproduction. Many individuals appear to have behavioral deficiencies which interfere with reproduction. Thus, the zoo population of drills does not serve as a “hedge” against the species’ total extinction: drills are endangered in captivity as well as in the wild. Mandrills, by contrast, reproduce well in captivity. Information on the behavior of mandrills in captivity may help zoo managers …