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Analysis Of Central Equatorial Pacific Water Masses By Method Of Principal Components, Ross Tuxhorn

OES Theses and Dissertations

The distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water at the extent of dispersion in the equatorial Pacific Ocean was investigated by means of multivariate analysis. Interrelationships among the upper intermediate water masses at this location are proposed.

Oceanographic data contained in seven cruise legs measured during the 1979-80 Hawaii to Tahiti Shuttle Experiment formed the basis of this study. Six parameters -- temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, silicate and nitrate -- were used in the method of principal component analysis to classify water masses between the sea surface and 1000m. The derived water masses were compatible with previously described oceanographic features of …

Admissions Criteria As Predictors Of Students' Successful Completion Of A Dental Hygiene Program, M. Linda Brown

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the criteria used to select dental hygiene students and to determine the ability of these criteria to predict students' successful completion of a dental hygiene program. One hundred sixteen graduates of the certificate level dental hygiene program at Old Dominion University between 1971- 1981, inclusive, comprised the sample. The majority of the subjects were Caucasian females, ages 20 to 24. The admissions criteria examined were (1) Dental Hygiene Aptitude Test scores, (2) Scholastic Aptitude Test scores, (3) preadmission quality point average, (4) college chemistry quality point average, and (S) percentile rank in …

A Method For The Comparison Of Hdl Containing Apoprotein E And Hdl Cholesterol, Steven A. Knizner

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Human serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated by preparative salt density gradient ultracentrifugation and analyzed further by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. Separation of the major classes of serum lipoproteins was achieved after a single ultracentrifugation on a salt density gradient at 272,000 x g for 36 hours in a swinging bucket rotor. After isolation, the total HDL was subdivided into HDL containing apoprotein E and HDL without this apoprotein by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography. Relative amounts of these subclasses were then calculated.

HDL-cholesterol was measured after precipitation of LDL and VLDL by phosphotungstic acid and magnesium. The statistical relationship between HDL …

The Aquatic Geochemistry Of The Particle-Reactive Radionuclides Po-210, Pb-210, And Be-7, James Forrest Todd

OES Theses and Dissertations

Integrated monthly wet-only and bulk precipitation samples for Be-7 and Pb-210 analysis were collected from November 1982 through October 1983 at two sites in lower Chesapeake Bay. Atmospheric deposition fluxes for Be-7 in wet-only and bulk precipitation averaged 0.013 and 0.014 pCi/cm²/d, respectively, and for Pb-210 averaged 0.36 and 0.40 pCi/cm²/yr, respectively, suggesting that dry deposition makes only a minor contribution to the total fluxes.

A seasonal trend was observed in the depositional flux of Be-7, with a pronounced maximum in the Spring. Approximately 40 percent of the annual Be-7 deposition occurred between February and April, …

A Molecular Phylogeny Of The Grunts (Perciformes: Haemulidae) Inferred From Nuclear Rag1 Gene Sequences, Millicent D. Sanciangco

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Species and genera of Haemulidae have undergone various taxonomic revisions, however, there is no study that infers the phylogeny of the haemulid genera using morphological or molecular data. The purpose of this study was to use approximately 1386 base pairs of the nuclear Recombination Activation Gene-I (RAG1) from 35 haemulid species representing 13 genera, one species of the closely related Inermiidae, and two species of the outgroup Sparidae to infer an intrafamilial phylogeny of Haemulidae. This analysis is corroborated using approximately 650 base pairs of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene and RAG I-COI combined gene analyses of27 haemulids, …

Conditioned Motor Activity And Place-Preference Responses As A Function Of D-Amphetamine Dose Level, Dwight D. Hart

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Spontaneous motor activity (SMA) responses to stimuli predicting d-amphetamine injection were investigated in a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. Three groups (saline, 1.0mg/kg and 4.0mg/kg doses) of rats underwent a 12-day period during which Injection-Conditioning and Non-Injection Conditioning treatments were alternated. This sequence was then followed by two Test/Extinction Days on which all three groups received saline injections. Subjects in the 4.0mg/kg, but not the 1.0mg/kg group were more active during the 30 minute pre-injection period on the second Conditioning Day than were Saline Group subjects. Test Day post-injection SMA levels of the two Drugged Groups were not significantly different, but the …

Life History Patterns Of Dytiscidae In A Temporary Pool, Annabel C. Blanco

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The Dytiscidae are one of the most distributed families of aquatic Coleoptera. In addition, they comprise one of the largest families in the order. With the exception of some European species, research in the ecology/life history of the Dytiscidae has been limited.

The patterns of appearance and disappearance of Dytiscidae were studied for one growing season, February to June, 1983, in a temporary pool in the Great Dismal Swamp. Fourteen species of larvae and twenty-four species of adults were collected. Definite temporal patterns were evident in larvae of Laccophilus spp., Laccornis difformis, Liodessus affinis, Uvarus granarius, Agabetes acuductus, and Hoperius …

Characterization Of The Dna And Chromosonal Analysis Of Embryonic Dermacentor Variabilis (Say) Cells In Culture, Stanley Nicholas Mason

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Cultured embryonic Dermacentor variabilis cells were examined by spectrophotometric techniques to determine total cellular DNA concentration and guanine-cytosine content of the DNA and by differential staining procedures to define the karyotype further. The cells were found to have a mean DNA content of 16.98 pg and a DNA guanine-cytosine content of 49%. Chromosome banding attempts resulted in the specific characterization of four chromosomes and differential grouping of the seven remaining chromosomes. A previously unreported submetacentric chromosome was identified.

Timing Of The Blue Crab Fisheries Of Virginia And Its Application To Harvest Management, J. Dale Shively

OES Theses and Dissertations

The timing of a fishery is a quantitative expression of the composite behaviors of harvesters, markets, animals and climatic events. A quantitative description of the timing of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fisheries of Virginia was established using the time density model of Mundy (1979). Blue crab catch statistics supplied by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Virginia Marine Resource Commission were divided into two fisheries based on gear type; the summer and winter fisheries. Average performance curves were then constructed using average cumulative proportions of catch. Annual yield estimates were also made and timing in five …

Phytoplankton Ecology And Dynamics In The James River Estuary Virginia, U. S. A., Margaret J. Filardo

OES Theses and Dissertations

Autotrophic biomass and productivity as well as nutrient distributions and phytoplankton cell populations in the James River estuary, Virginia, from Newport News Shipyard to the 0 o/oo isohaline, were sampled on a monthly basis from August of 1981 to December of 1982. Particular emphasis was placed on the very low salinity region (defined as the location where surface salinity measured between 0.0 and 0.75 o/oo based on conductivity) in order to determine the fate of fresh water phytoplankters upon being advected into the estuary because of their suspected role in the biogeochemical cycling that occurs there.

Both chlorophyll a and …

A Method For Determining Creosote Contamination Of Sediment From The Elizabeth River, Norfolk, Va, Elizabeth G. Merrill

OES Theses and Dissertations

Hydrocarbon input sources to the Elizabeth River were investigated. Carbonized coal products (creosote, coal tar, and roof tar), petroleum products (Kuwait Crude Oil, No. 2 Fuel Oil, and a fuel oil spill sample) and soot (woodstove and diesel engine) have unique hydrocarbon distributions. Elizabeth River sediment hydrocarbon distributions indicate that they are contaminated with both carbonized coal and petroleum products. Using a simple two member mixing model, greater than 65 percent of Elizabeth River sediments' resolved aromatic compounds were determined to originate from carbonized coal products. These aromatic hydrocarbons include the EPA priority pollutant polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which are known …

A Description And Analysis Of The Timing Of Virginia's Weakfish Fishery, Bruce William Hill

OES Theses and Dissertations

The seasonality of Virginia's weakfish fishery is quantitatively defined by providing a mean time of catch and variance of catch for the years 1960 - 1981. On the average. the central half of the population is available for harvest from mid-May through September in all of Virginia's waters and the mean date of harvest is July 20th • The 22 year average variance of catch for Virginia's waters is 3.97. In Virginia's Chesapeake Bay tributaries the mean date of harvest is July 17th and the 22 year average variance of catch is 2.50. There is evidence for an inverse relationship …

Purification And Characterization Of A Camp- And Ca2+-Calmodulin-Independent Glycogen Synthase Kinase From Porcine Renal Cortex, Stephen J. Beebe, Erwin M. Reimann, Keith K. Schlender

Bioelectrics Publications

We recently reported the partial purification of a cAMP-independent and Ca²⁺-calmodulin-independent glycogen synthase kinase from porcine renal cortex (Schlender, K. K., Beebe, S. J., and Reimann, E. M. (1981) Cold Spring Harbor Conf. Cell Proliferation, 389-400). Subsequent purification indicated that the enzyme preparation consisted of at least three forms of glycogen synthase kinase which could be resolved by ATP gradient elution from aminoethylphosphate-agarose (AEP-agarose). The predominant form of glycogen synthase kinase, which eluted from AEP-agarose between 2 and 6 mM ATP, was purified approximately 800-fold and is designated GSK-A1. It had a molecular weight of 45,000-50,000 as determined …

Microheterogeneity Of Type Ii Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase In Various Mammalian Species And Tissues, Alison M. Robinson-Steiner, Stephen J. Beebe, Stephen R. Rannels, Jackie D. Corbin

Bioelectrics Publications

Excluding autophosphorylated species, at least six forms of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (R(II)) from various mammalian tissues were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of purified samples and of crude preparations photoaffinity labeled with 8-azido[32P] cAMP and by gel filtration. After autophosphorylation some heart R(II) forms termed type IIA (bovine, porcine, equine, and dog) shifted to a more slowly migrating band on SDS gels while others termed type IIB (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and monkey) did not detectably shift. Both subclasses of R(II) exhibited variation in apparent M(r) on SDS gels. Bovine and …

Two Classes Of Camp Analogs Which Are Selective For The Two Different Camp-Binding Sites Of Type Ii Protein Kinase Demonstrate Synergism When Added Together To Intact Adipocytes, Stephen J. Beebe, Rob Holloway, Stephen R. Rannels, Jackie D. Corbin

Bioelectrics Publications

Twenty-five cyclic nucleotide analogs were tested individually to act as lipolytic agents and to activate adipocyte protein kinase. The lipolytic potency of individual analogs correlated better with their K(a) for protein kinase and their lipophilicity rather than with either parameters alone. Some of the most potent lipolytic analogs had high I50 values for the particulate low K(m) cAMP phosphodiesterase suggesting that their effect was not due to raising endogenous cAMP levels through inhibition of phosphodiesterase. The most potent lipolytic analogs contained a thio moiety at the C-8 or C-6 position. These analogs exhibited concave upward dose-response curves. At high concentrations …

Staff Nurses' Self-Esteem As It Relates To Working In Specialty Areas, Donna Lynn Evans

Ellmer School of Nursing Theses & Dissertations

This study compared the levels of self-esteem of hospital staff nurses working in specialty areas versus those working in general medical-surgical areas. Fifty registered nurses employed full-time in staff positions at a large, acute-care hospital participated in the study. After indicating the area of the hospital in which they worked, the type of education they had, and the number of years of experience as a registered nurse, they then completed the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Scores were then compared using independent t-tests applied to the area in which the subject worked, the type of education, and the years of experience. Results …

The Marine Biogeochemistry Of Selenium: A Re-Evaluation, Gregory A. Cutter, Kenneth W. Bruland

OES Faculty Publications

Vertical and horizontal profiles from the North and South Pacific Oceans demonstrate the existence of three species of dissolved selenium: selenite, selenate, and organic selenide (operationally defined). In surface waters, organic selenide makes up about 80% of the total dissolved selenium, selenite concentrations are uniformly low, and selenate concentrations rise with increased vertical mixing. The organic selenide maximum (thought to consist of seleno-amino acids in peptides) coincides with the maxima of primary productivity, pigments, bioluminescence, and dissolved free amino acids. Deep ocean waters are enriched in selenite and selenate, while organic selenide is nondetectable. In suboxic waters of the tropical …

Episodic Nutrient Supply To A Kelp Forest Ecosystem In Southern California, Richard C. Zimmerman, James N. Kremer

OES Faculty Publications

Temporal patterns of nutrient input into a Southern California kelp forest were measured using traditional hydrocast sampling coupled with high frequency temperature profiling. Patterns of nutrient input were related to growth rates of Macrocystis pyrifera located in an adjacent kelp forest. There were 2 distinct components to the pattern of nutrient availability. The long term, or seasonal, component was consistent with large-scale storm-induced mixing and horizontal advection during winter months. In addition, vertical motions of the thermocline, bringing nutrients into the kelp forest, occurred throughout the year with a frequency of about 2 per day and were strongest during the …

Changes In The Lower Chesapeake Bay Food-Chain In Presence Of The Sea Nettle Chrysaora-Quinquecirrha (Scyphomedusa), David Feigenbaum, Michael Kelly

OES Faculty Publications

The abundance of 4 levels of the lower Chesapeake Bay food chain (Chlorophyll a, herbivores, ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, and Scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha) were moni­tored twice weekly at 4 stations from May 10 through Sep 30, 1982 in the Lafayette and Elizabeth Rivers (Virginia). The herbivore standing stock, largely copepods, declined sharply in late May when M. Jeidyi appeared, but rebounded a month later when C. quinquecirrha medusae reduced the ctenophore population. Despite the additional presence of Aurelia aurita (Scyphomedusa) from Jul onward, herbivore abundance remained at moderate levels until the end of the study period. Phytoplankton abundance fluctuated …

Breeding Birds In Cedar Stands In The Great Dismal Swamp, Karen A. Terwilliger, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Great Dismal Swamp located in the coastal plain on the Virginia- North Carolina border, has long been recognized as a vegetationally distinctive region with many unusual geological and biological features. Formerly at least twice the currently estimated size of 85,000 hectares (Carter 1979), the Great Dismal Swamp is still shrinking because of a dropping water table caused by more than 200 years of logging, ditching, and other human activities. In 1973, the Union Camp Corporation donated a 19,871-hectare tract located near Suffolk, Virginia. to The Nature Conservancy, which transferred the land to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This …

Review Of Upwelling Off The Southeastern United States And Its Effect On Continental-Shelf Nutrient Concentrations And Primary Productivity, Larry P. Atkinson, James A. Yonder, Thomas N. Lee

CCPO Publications

Gulf Stream induced upwelling occurs along the length of the southeastern United States continental shelf break. Upwelling events are produced by northward propagating Gulf Streams frontal meanders and eddies and travel northwards with these features. Meanders and eddies occur throughout the year in a period band of 2-14 days; however, resultant upwellings can affect the shelf quite differently. During fall, winter, and spring, upwelling is restricted to the outer shelf by cross-shelf density distributions, but in the summer upwelled water may penetrate across as a subsurface intrusion if aided by upwelling-favorable winds. If water does penetrate across the shelf, it …

Coastal Upwelling Off The Rias Bajas, Galicia, Northwest Spain I: Hydrographic Studies, J. O. Blanton, L. P. Atkinson, F. Fernandez De Castillejo, A. Lavin Montero

CCPO Publications

Coastal upwelling occurs off the Rias Bajas of Spain between April and October. Superimposed on large-scale upwelling is a mesoscale regime of enhanced upwelling induced by topographic influences. We show that the region surrounding Cape Finisterre has intensified topographically induced upwelling.

The rias have a relatively unobstructed connection with the open ocean. Upwelling of high nitrate water on the continental shelf by Ekman transport sets up pressure gradients at the mouth of the rias that induce upwelled water to flow into the rias. Deep water in the rias responds directly to cycles of upwelling and downwelling on the continental shelf.

An Analysis Of The Reasons And Influences Causing Students To Enroll In Industrial Arts Education Programs At Virginia Universities, Robert Beauter

OTS Master's Level Projects & Papers

The problem of this study was to conduct a survey of industrial arts education majors at Virginia universities to identify and analyze their reasons for enrolling in a university industrial arts education program and who had the most influence on their decision. This data would be used as an aid in recruiting students for the Industrial Arts Education Program at Old Dominion University.

Evaluation Of Peptide Assimilation In Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells, John M. Castellano

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The dipeptides glycyl-L-(³H)-leucine and L-phenylalanyl-L-(³H)-leucine were synthesized in radioactive form and utilized in the analysis of peptide transport and hydrolysis by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The tumor cells were cultured in the abdominal cavity of CF-1 albino mice and harvested into sterile isotonic buffer for all experimental analyses.

The results of this study reveal that the tumor cells rapidly accumulate radiolabel when incubated with the above mentioned peptides, but that the peptide is most probably hydrolyzed extracellularly and free L-(³)-leucine transported. This hypothesis is based on the observations of reduction in accumulation of radiolabel …

High Resolution Two Dimensional Electrophoresis Of Soluble Proteins In Human Spermatozoa, Hsing-Ying Liu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The evaluation of human semen is very important for diagnosis of male infertility. Combined with the analysis of seminal plasma, a comprehensive biochemical screening of human spermatozoan proteins may be of assistance in providing qualitative and quantitative information to the physician to assist with evaluation.

In this study, human spermatozoa were ruptured by sonication. The soluble spermatozoan proteins were separated from the cellular debris by centrifugation and then analyzed in dissociated forms by two dimensional electrophoresis. The separated proteins were visualized by a silver stain method.

It has been shown that these combined techniques can resolve- four to five hundred …

Determination Of N,N'-Diphenylguanidine In Biological Tissues And Fluids Using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Edward Sidney Hunter Iii

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

N,N'-Diphenylguanidine (DPG) is a potentially toxic compound used in the vulcanization of rubber products. Distribution of DPG in hybrid mice (C57BL/6J interbred with DAB₂) was determined following intraperitoneal injection. Urine, fecal material, whole blood and tissues were collected at various times after administration of DPG and the extracts analyzed for DPG by high pressure liquid chromatography. Recovery of DPG from spiked urine and whole blood exceed 90%, however, the recovery of DPG from spiked tissue samples was approximately 70%.

DPG concentration in whole blood reached a maximum within ten minutes and rapidly decreased through 180 minutes after administration …

The Effects Of Dredged Materials On The Copeod, Acartia Tonsa, Renee Suzanne Crouch

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A study was conducted to determine the potential impact of open ocean disposal of sediments dredged from a highly industrialized seaport. Sediments from three potential dredge sites along the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, Hampton Roads, Virginia were evaluated for acute toxicity. The suspended particulate fractions of dredged materials were tested in a series of 96-hour, static bioassays using the calanoid copepod, Acartia tonsa Dana. Significant mortalities were observed for all three sites with the sediments from the most heavily industrialized site producing immediate and severe mortality. Analysis of results indicates that mortality was highly related to the volatile …

The Effects Of The Mud Snail Ilyanassa Obsoleta (Say) Upon The Benthic Community Of Broad Bay, Virginia, Wick Timothy Harlan

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The effects of the presence of the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say) upon the benthic community of Broad Bay, Virginia were examined through artificial removal and exclusion of the snail and artificial increase of the snail population. The enclosure treatment exhibited a significantly higher number of macrofaunal individuals than the control. The control had a significantly higher number of meiofaunal individuals than either treatment. There were no significant differences for the chlorophyll a. The increase in macrofauna and corresponding decrease in meiofauna were probably due to cage effects and not snail densities. The presence of the fences can act as …

The Effects Of Dominant Species Removal On Subtidal Community Development, H. Russell Barker Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Acrylic panels were used to follow the development of the fouling community at Channel Points, Lynnhaven Bay, Virginia, from April through October 1979. The roles of Membranipora tenuis, an encrusting ectoproct, and Molgula manhattensis, a solitary tunicate, were studied by removing each species from the developing community on a weekly basis.

Early colonization was dominated by Membranipora followed by Corophium spp. (Amphipoda), Polydora ligni (Polychaeta), and Balanus eberneus (Arthropoda). Molgula colonized the panels later in the study and became a dominant occupier of primary space by the end of the study.

The removal of Membranipora and Molgula …

The Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Frontal Regions Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Richard V. Lacouture

OES Theses and Dissertations

The spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton was measured in relation to frontal areas located in the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. Phytoplankton biomass, taxonomy, and several physical parameters were measured on fifteen sampling cruises between September,1981 and February, 1983.

Several statistical tests revealed that phytoplankton biomass did not accumulate at the fronts and that generally the distribution of phytoplankton biomass was homogenous across the frontal region. The cell count data indicated that the community structure of the phytoplankton assemblage was usually very similar on both sides of the front. The data which was concerned with temporal variations in the …