Digital Commons Network^™

Arctic Ice Export Events And Their Potential Impact On Global Climate During The Late Pleistocene, Dennis A. Darby, Jens F. Bischof, Robert F. Spielhagen, Steven A. Marshall, Stephen W. Herman

OES Faculty Publications

Ice sheets in the North American Arctic and, to a lesser extent, those in northern Eurasia calved large quantities of icebergs that drifted through Fram Strait into the Greenland Sea several times during the late Pleistocene. These icebergs deposited Fe oxide grains (45-250 mum) and coarse lithic clasts >250 mum matched to specific circum-Arctic sources. Four massive Arctic iceberg export events are identified from the Laurentide and the Innuitian ice sheets, between 14 and 34 ka (calendar years) in a sediment core from Fram Strait. These relatively short duration (<1-4 kyr) events contain 3-5 times the background levels of Fe oxide grains. They began suddenly, as indicated by a steep rise in the number of grains matched to an ice sheet source, suggesting rapid purges of ice through Fram Strait, due perhaps to collapse of ice sheets. The larger events from the northwestern Laurentide ice sheet are preceded by events from the Innuitian ice sheet. Despite the chronological uncertainties, the Arctic export events appear to occur prior to Heinrich events.

Phosphorus Dynamics In Cultures And Natural Populations Of Trichodesmium Spp, Margaret R. Mulholland, Sheri Floge, Edward J. Carpenter, Douglas G. Capone

OES Faculty Publications

Trichodesmium spp. fix atmospheric N₂ and so an element other than N limits production by these species in the oligotrophic ocean. Because dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is in short supply in many marine systems, it has been hypothesized that P is a growth-limiting nutrient for these species in nature. However, Trichodesmium is capable of hydrolyzing dissolved organic P (DOP) compounds and the inorganic products from hydrolysis may provide an additional source of P for growth. We investigated P dynamics and alkaline phosphatase activity in cultures and natural populations of Trichodesmium from the Atlantic Ocean and the north coast of …

Peptide Hydrolysis, Amino Acid Oxidation, And Nitrogen Uptake In Communities Seasonally Dominated By Aureococcus Anophagefferens, Margaret R. Mulholland, Christopher J. Gobler, Cindy Lee

OES Faculty Publications

Elevated levels of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are among the factors implicated in the initiation of algal blooms. However, the degree to which phytoplankton augment their autotrophic metabolism with heterotrophic uptake of organic carbon that is associated with DON is unknown. We evaluated the relative importance of peptide hydrolysis, amino acid oxidation, and amino acid uptake over a seasonal cycle in an embayment on Long Island, New York, that had high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and a bloom of the brown tide pelagophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens. Amino acids were a significant component (up …

Length-At-Age In Juvenile Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus Eleginoides), J. Ashford, C. Jones, S. Bobko, I. Everson

OES Faculty Publications

We used the otoliths from a sample of Dissostichus eleginoides pre-recruits, whose length density was distinctly polymodal, to see whether ages estimated by reading otoliths were congruent with the length modes observed. Length densities by age were compared graphically with the overall length density observed. Additionally, ages were predicted for each fish based on length, and compared with ages estimated from reading otoliths in a goodness-of-fit test. The majority of the otoliths (83.6%) were estimated to be from fish 1+ or 2+ years old, with mean total lengths of 32.5 cm and 41.3 cm respectively. No difference was found between …

Effects Of Nonequilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas On The Heterotrophic Pathways Of Bacteria And On Their Cell Morphology, Mounir Laroussi, J. Paul Richardson, Fred C. Dobbs

OES Faculty Publications

To date, most research on the interaction of nonequilibrium, atmospheric pressure plasma discharges with bacteria has concentrated on the germicidal effects. Therefore, published results deal mainly with killing efficacy and little attention is given to physical mechanisms and biochemical pathways and their potential alterations when cells of microorganisms are exposed to the plasma. In this letter, an attempt to investigate the effects of plasma exposure on the biochemical pathways of bacteria is presented. In addition, using electron microscopy, we investigate if any gross morphological changes take place when cells are exposed to a lethal dose of plasma. We are testing …

The Cyborgian Self: Toward A Critical Social Theory Of Cyberspace, Michael Ian Borer

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

Contemporary social theory currently remains at a virtual standstill, quivering over the decision to radically leave the past behind or to continue within the historical narrative of the Enlightenment. Postmodern social theorists, advocating the position that we have, in fact, entered a new historical epoch, pose serious challenges to our perception of modernity and cultural identity. As an influential strategy that has infiltrated both the humanities and the social sciences for more than thirty years, postmodernism can no longer be dismissed as merely a fad or trend. In a world where the use of complex, and often mobile, …

Solaris, America, Disneyworld And Cyberspace: Salman Rushdie's Fairy-Tale Utopianism In Fury, Justyna Deszcz

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

In this paper, I discuss the figure of professor Malik Solanka, the protagonist of Salman Rushdie's latest novel, Fury (2001), and his attempts at constructing a fairy tale utopia as a means of establishing his identity. I try to elucidate this problem referring to the concepts of the fairy tale utopian as formulated by J. R. R. Tolkien, Ernst Bloch, and Jack Zipes, as their propositions can be regarded as the most effective exponents of the utopian imagination and seem very applicable to Rushdie's utopian attempts. On the basis of such a reading, I also reflect on the …

Status And Trends In Water Quality And Living Resources In The Virginia Chesapeake Bay: 1985- 2000, Daniel M. Dauer, Michael F. Lane, Harold G. Marshall, Kent E. Carpenter, John R. Donat

Status and Trends for Virginia Chesapeake Bay

A detailed overview of the Chesapeake Bay's living resources, water quality, and its major Virginia tributaries.

Modeling Studies Of Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba Survival During Transport Across The Scotia Sea, Bettina A. Fach, Eileen E. Hofmann, Eugene J. Murphy

CCPO Publications

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba spawned on the outer continental shelf of the west Antarctic Peninsula can be entrained into the Southern Front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and transported across the Scotia Sea to South Georgia. A time-dependent, size-structured, physiologically based krill growth model was used to assess the food resources that are needed to sustain Antarctic krill during transport across the Scotia Sea and to allow them to grow to a size observed at South Georgia. Initial Lagrangian simulations provide trajectories that are followed by particles released on the west Antarctic Peninsula shelf. Pelagic phytoplankton concentrations along these trajectories …

Variation In The Position Of The Upwelling Front On The Oregon Shelf, Jay A. Austin, John A. Barth

CCPO Publications

As part of an experiment to study wind-driven coastal circulation, 17 hydrographic surveys of the middle to inner shelf region off the coast of Newport, OR (44.65°N, from roughly the 90 m isobath to the 10 m isobath) were performed during Summer 1999 with a small, towed, undulating vehicle. The cross-shelf survey data were combined with data from several other surveys at the same latitude to study the relationship between upwelling intensity and wind stress field. A measure of upwelling intensity based on the position of the permanent pycnocline is developed. This measure is designed so as to be insensitive …

Hydrographic Conditions Off Northern Chile During The 1996-1998 La Niña And El Niño Events, Jose Luis Blanco, Mary-Elena Carr, Andrew C. Thomas, P. Ted Strub

CCPO Publications

The evolution of oceanographic conditions in the upwelling region off northern Chile (18°-24°S) between 1996 and 1998 (including the 1997-1998 El Niño) is presented using hydrographic measurements acquired on quarterly cruises of the Chilean Fisheries Institute, with sea surface temperature (SST), sea level, and wind speeds from Arica (18.5°S), Iquique (20.5°S), and Antofagasta (23.5°S) and a time series of vertical temperature profiles off Iquique. Spatial patterns of sea surface temperature and salinity from May 1996 to March 1997 followed a normal seasonal progression, though conditions were anomalously cool and fresh. Starting in March 1997, positive anomalies in sea level and …

Estimating The Mean Ocean-Bay Exchange Rate Of The Chesapeake Bay, Jay A. Austin

CCPO Publications

A model of the salt balance in the Chesapeake Bay is discussed, which takes into account only time-dependent riverine input and mean ocean-bay exchange. Estimates of (spatial) mean bay salinity are made using two different data sources: a 16 year record of surveys taken by the Environmental Protection Agency's Chesapeake Bay Program, and a 10 year record of hydrographic sections taken in the lower bay by the Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography at Old Dominion University. Using United States Geological Survey river flow data to force the model, both data sets are consistent with this simple model and both imply …

The Northeast Pacific Globec Program: Coastal Gulf Of Alaska, Thomas J. Weingartner, Kenneth Coyle, Bruce Finney, Russell Hopcroft, Terry Whitledge, Richard Brodeur, Michael Dagg, Edward Farley, Dale Haidvogel, Thomas Royer

CCPO Publications

(First Paragraph) The Gulf of Alaska (GOA) continental shelf encompasses approximately 370,000 km², or about 13% of the U.S. continental shell and supports a rich and diverse marine ecosystem including some of the largest commercial fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Of particular economic importance is the salmon fishery, which was worth on the order of $170 million (landed value) in 2000 accrued from a catch of over 100 million fish. However, there is considerable variability on both interannual and longer time scales in harvest and recruitment success to this and other GOA fisheries. Of recent interest …

Methods For Caculating The Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index Of Biotic Integrity, Roberto J. Llansó, Daniel M. Dauer

Benthic Applications

The Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed to assess benthic community health and environmental quality in Chesapeake Bay. The B-IBI evaluates the ecological condition of a sample by comparing values of key benthic community attributes (“metrics”) to reference values expected under non-degraded conditions in similar habitat types. It is therefore a measure of deviation from reference conditions.

The B-IBI is used by the Chesapeake Bay Benthic Monitoring Program, which is conducted by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR) and by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ). The program contains two primary elements: …

Rickettsial Infection In Dermacentor Variabilis (Acari : Ixodidae) Inhibits Transovarial Transmission Of A Second Rickettsia, Kevin R. Macaluso, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Shane M. Ceraul, Abdu F. Azad

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

This study examined the ability of ticks to maintain multiple species of spotted fever group rickettsiae via transovarial transmission. Using a capillary feeding method, previously established Rickettsia montana- and Rickettsia rhipicephali-infected cohorts of Dermacentor variabilis (Say) were exposed to R. rhipicephali and R. montana, respectively, in two reciprocal challenge experiments. Eggs collected from individual females, for two successive generations, of each cohort were assessed for rickettsial infection by polymerase chain reaction for each challenge experiment. Assessment of the eggs from challenged ticks identified that both R. montana- and R. rhipicephali-infected ticks were refractory to their …

Resistance Of The Tick Dermacentor Variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) Following Challenge With The Bacterium Escherichia Coli (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), Shane M. Ceraul, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Wayne L. Hynes

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

In addition to a soluble response, many invertebrates control bacterial infections by means of phagocytosis or melanotic encapsulation. In some insects, Escherichia coli growth is reported to be inhibited by aggregation/encapsulation. Soluble and phagocytic responses to bacterial challenge have been reported in ticks, but evidence of an aggregation/encapsulation response was reported only for inanimate (araldite) implants. Ticks were challenged by direct inoculation of bacteria into the hemocoel cavity. By plating, no viable E. coli were detected 6 h postinoculation. A direct fluorescence assay (DFA) revealed aggregated bacteria 1 h postinoculation. Furthermore, DFA showed aggregated bacteria at 6, 24, and 48 …

Mechanism For Membrane Electroporation Irreversibility Under High-Intensity, Ultrashort Electrical Pulse Conditions, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach

Bioelectrics Publications

An improved electroporation model is used to address membrane irreversibility under ultrashort electric pulse conditions. It is shown that membranes can survive a strong electric pulse and recover provided the pore distribution has a relatively large spread. If, however, the population consists predominantly of larger radii pores, then irreversibility can result. Physically, such a distribution could arise if pores at adjacent sites coalesce. The requirement of close proximity among the pore sites is more easily satisfied in smaller organelles than in outer cell membranes. Model predictions are in keeping with recent observations of cell damage to intracellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria), …

Long Term Goals And Program Choices Of New Students Entering Yavapai College - Verde Valley Campus, Alexandra Helm-Correa

OTS Master's Level Projects & Papers

The goals of this study were to answer the following questions: 1. What were the reasons new students entered Yavapai College-Verde Valley Campus in Spring 2002? 2. What were the primary reasons new students took courses in Spring 2002 and what were their long-term goals? 3. What were the academic degree, vocational degree or vocational certification program choices for new students entering Yavapai College? 4. What was the composition of new students entering Yavapai College in terms of whether they were primarily traditional or non-traditional students? 5. What relationship existed between traditional and non-traditional students at Yavapai College and their …

In Vivo Effect Of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (Lif) And An Anti-Lif Polyclonal Antibody On Murine Embryo And Fetal Development Following Exposure At The Time Of Transcervical Blastocyst Transfer, Michael H. Mitchell, R. James Swanson, Sergio Oehninger

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) enhances in vitro murine preimplantation development in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Knockout experiments have demonstrated that endometrial LIF is essential for in vivo murine implantation. We assessed the impact of LIF and an anti-LIF polyclonal antibody (pab) on in vivo development and developed a novel and successful nonsurgical method of embryo transfer for this species, a transcervical blastocyst transfer technique. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of LIF and the anti-LIF pab on 1) implantation, resorption, pregnancy, and viability rates and 2) the overall structural and skeletal development. Two-cell embryos were …

Distribution Of The Euryhaline Squid Lolliguncula Brevis In Chesapeake Bay: Effects Of Selected Abiotic Factors, I. K. Bartol, R. Mann, M. Vecchione

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The majority of cephalopods are thought to have limitations arising from physiology and locomotion that exclude them from shallow, highly variable, euryhaline environments. The brief squid Lolliguncula brevis may be a notable exception because it tolerates low salinities, withstands a wide range of environmental conditions, and swims readily in shallow water. Little is known about the distribution of L. brevis in Chesapeake Bay, a diverse and highly variable estuary. Therefore, a survey of L. brevis was conducted in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay from 1993 to 1997 using a 9.1 m otter trawl, and the effects of selected factors …

Institutional Invention: (How) Is It Possible?, Louise Wetherbee Phelps

English Faculty Publications

(First paragraph) In this chapter I want to explore several broad questions with respect to higher education: Is institutional invention possible? What are the conditions that enable it, and how can they be created and sustained? What are the obstacles to institutional invention? How can academic leadership foster institutional invention?

Evidence For Infanticide In Bottlenose Dolphins Of The Western North Atlantic, Dale G. Dunn, Susan G. Barco, D. Ann Pabst, William A. Mclellan

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Nine bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) calves that stranded in Virginia in 1996 and 1997 died of severe blunt-force trauma. Injuries were concentrated on the head and chest and multiple rib fractures, lung lacerations, and soft tissue contusions were prominent. Skeletal and/or soft tissue trauma occurred bilaterally in all of the calves. One had a bite wound across the left mandible that exhibited deep punctures consistent with the tooth placement in an adult bottlenose dolphin. The lesions were not compatible with predation, boat strike, fisheries interactions, rough-surf injury, or blast injury. However, they were similar to traumatic injuries described in stranded …

Healing Times For Circular Wounds On Plane And Spherical Bone Surfaces, J. A. Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

A mathematical model is developed for the rate of healing of a circular wound in a spherical "skull". The motivation for this model is based on experimental studies of the "'critical size defect" (CSD) in animal models; this has been defined as the smallest intraosseous wound that does not heal by bone formation during the lifetime of the animal [1]. For practical purposes, this timescale can usually be taken as one year. In [2], the definition was further extended to a defect which has less than ton percent bony regeneration during the lifetime of the animal. CSDS can "heal" by …

Breaking The Mimetic Contract: Notes On Ideology, Intersubjectivity, And Film Theory, Giorgio Bertellini, C. Paul Sellors

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

In this essay we would like to sketch out a few notes outlining historical and theoretical trajectories of the confusing, and often confused, relationships between ideology, history and subjectivity in Marx, Marxism and post-Marxism. Marx and Engels' approach to ideology in The German Ideology (1845-46), spawned and influenced a variety of interpretations and philosophical positions from not only the numerous schools of Marxism proper, but also structuralism, semiotics and psychoanalysis up to the very raison d'être of discourse theory and new historicism. This reaching influence occurs only at the cost of contradiction, however, between Marxist factions -- disagreements …

Terra Incognita, Leslie Hill

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

No abstract provided.

See Me, Touch Me, Feel Me':(Im)Proving The Bodily Sense Of Masculinity, Marc Ouellette

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

Ultimately, this paper stems from two cultural strands which intersect in one cultural form, self-improvement advertising aimed at men. The first of these is the figure of the new man, which appeared in the mid-1980s. The novelty lies in the positioning of masculine bodies precisely for the purpose of being seen. The available criticism was not equipped to account for these positionings. The second cultural strand, the proliferation of technologies which alter the body itself, as opposed to its coverings, makes the gap in the criticism more apparent. The two cultural trends intersect most noticeably in the advertisements …

Review Of Darwinizing Culture: The Status Of Memetics As A Science, Edited By Robert Aunger, Matthew Wolf-Meyer

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

No abstract provided.

The Visible Human Project: Informatic Bodies And Posthuman Medicine, Stuart Murray

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

Stuart Murray reviews Catherine Waldby's The Visible Human Project: Informatic Bodies and Posthuman Medicine (2000).

Navigating The Starless Night: Strategies For Understanding Autobiogeography, Matthew Wolf-Meyer, Davin Heckman

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

Ancient mapmakers relied upon the presence of celestial bodies for their conceptualization of the world, for their external knowledge-making tools, as if a far-off body could help to make sense of our terrestrial life/as if it couldn't. Cosmology, as a practice, relied on the construction of an external body of knowledge that the local meaning-maker could situate him- or herself into, and more broadly, their entire society and culture -- the interior is determined by its relationship to the exterior (or the exteriorized). For the ancient Greeks then, the font of Western culture, this cosmology works at once …

Playful Attraction -- Examining The Nature Of Japanese Cruising, Phil Sawkins

Reconstruction: Studies in Contemporary Culture

[First paragraph]

Much research has been done, in and out of the field of social anthropology, on courting and associated practices (especially in rural communities), such as yobai (literally night crawling -- entering a girl's house under cover of darkness in search of love), letter exchanging, wakamonoyado (literally young people's inn, a house where young people meet socially) omiai (arranged marriage), and so on. Most of this research has been done under the rubric of pre-marriage activities, or even, activities permitted because it is expected they'll lead to marriage [1]. The sheer volume of this research is undoubtedly a reflection …