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Scrutinizing Cheating Behavior Among Efl Students At Islamic Higher Education Institutions In Indonesia, Habiburrahim Habiburrahim, Ika Kana Trisnawati, Yuniarti Yuniarti, Zamzami Zainuddin, Safrul Muluk, Janice Orrell Mar 2021

Scrutinizing Cheating Behavior Among Efl Students At Islamic Higher Education Institutions In Indonesia, Habiburrahim Habiburrahim, Ika Kana Trisnawati, Yuniarti Yuniarti, Zamzami Zainuddin, Safrul Muluk, Janice Orrell

The Qualitative Report

Cheating has been a significant issue over the years throughout the world, including in Indonesian Higher Education. In this study, we aimed to explore students’ perceptions of cheating, the practices they engage in when they cheat, the factors influencing their behavior, and possible solutions to stop cheating in the context of Islamic Higher Education. This mixed methods research involved 43 undergraduate students in the Department of English Language Education of two Islamic Higher Education institutions: The University of Muhammadiyah Aceh and Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Ar-Raniry Darussalam, Banda Aceh - Indonesia. A questionnaire comprising demographic and cheating related questions was …


Emotional Overload! A Dialogic Autoethnography Of Scholar-Participant-Consumer Reactions To The Marketing Of Thanatourism, Elizabeth Lloyd-Parkes, Jonathan H. Deacon, Alec J. Grant Phd, Simon Thomas Mar 2021

Emotional Overload! A Dialogic Autoethnography Of Scholar-Participant-Consumer Reactions To The Marketing Of Thanatourism, Elizabeth Lloyd-Parkes, Jonathan H. Deacon, Alec J. Grant Phd, Simon Thomas

The Qualitative Report

The terms “thanatourism” and “dark tourism” relate to visiting places of human tragedy, which are increasingly developed as tourist destinations. There is a need to trouble thanatouristic assumptions through sharing and discussing lived experiences. These challenge the simplistic mechanistic marketing and conventional research practices of thanatourism. This dialogic autoethnographic study responds to this need, addressing thanatourism from the subjective and emotional perspectives of “insider” scholar-participant-consumers. Two interactive dialogic stories are presented by the lead and second authors, with the fourth providing a theoretically informed response. In the final section, the third author, an experienced autoethnographer and outsider to the thanatouristic …


Proximity To Power: The Challenges And Strategies Of Interviewing Elites In Higher Education Research, Kevin Mcclure, Jon L. Mcnaughtan Mar 2021

Proximity To Power: The Challenges And Strategies Of Interviewing Elites In Higher Education Research, Kevin Mcclure, Jon L. Mcnaughtan

The Qualitative Report

Presidents, provosts, deans, and other upper-level administrators in higher education fit common definitions of “elites” in the context of qualitative research. Scholarship on methods specific to the field of higher education has not identified or described the unique challenges of interviewing these and other elites. The purpose of this paper is to examine challenges and share strategies for elite interviewing, with specific application to qualitative research in the field of higher education. We provide three examples of empirical studies involving elite interviewing and, using literature from other fields, highlight challenges and strategies. By anticipating challenges and implementing these strategies, researchers …


Forensic Accounting Investigation Of Public Sector Corruption In Nigeria: The Gioia Methodology, Naziru Suleiman, Zaleha Bte Othman Mar 2021

Forensic Accounting Investigation Of Public Sector Corruption In Nigeria: The Gioia Methodology, Naziru Suleiman, Zaleha Bte Othman

The Qualitative Report

Despite the increased initiatives to combat corruption, the issue of corruption in the public sector in Nigeria persists. Past studies have found that one of the flaws is due to the ineffective investigation method. Given the seriousness of the issue, this study explores how forensic accounting investigation conducted by the authorities could assist the government in its initiatives to combat corruption in Nigeria. This study aimed at developing a model for improving the investigation of public sector corruption in Nigeria using forensic accounting techniques. Forensic accounting is a technique for detecting and investigating fraudulent practices in organizations and preparing evidence …


Unintended Uses Of A Journal Review System Within A Repository For Digital Tracking Of University Etds, Jaime M. Goldman, Keri Baker Mar 2021

Unintended Uses Of A Journal Review System Within A Repository For Digital Tracking Of University Etds, Jaime M. Goldman, Keri Baker

Staff Presentations, Proceedings, Lectures, and Symposia

The Nova Southeastern University (NSU) Oceanographic Campus Library has always had a unique challenge in that it is the final clearinghouse for student capstone, thesis, and dissertation binding and publication. The library has traditionally been the host of the final print publication and the liaison between the student, university program office, and the bindery. With the launch of NSUWorks, NSU’s institutional repository, 7 years ago, the library worked to develop an innovative and effective start to finish workflow for student Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) to change the physical lifecycle of NSU’s theses and dissertations into a virtual ETD lifecycle. …


External Disruptions To Qualitative Data Collection: Addressing Risks Relating To Brexit And Researcher-Participant Rapport, Shukru Esmene, Nick Kirsop-Taylor Mar 2021

External Disruptions To Qualitative Data Collection: Addressing Risks Relating To Brexit And Researcher-Participant Rapport, Shukru Esmene, Nick Kirsop-Taylor

The Qualitative Report

In this paper we present the importance of detailing the contextual conditions of a qualitative study to highlight any potential participant-researcher tensions. We emphasize the importance of understanding context in rich detail to expose societal complexities while maintaining positive participant-research rapport. Through two cases, this paper considers that bracketing, reflexivity, and transparency can be applied to form appropriate strategies to deal with external disruptions to qualitative fieldwork. The cases draw on Brexit’s impact on two studies conducted in the United Kingdom. In so doing, we argue that time, relevance, and the individuals involved can coalesce to express varied influences on …


Experiences Of Mothers Of Lgbtq Children In Serbia: What Comes After Coming Out?, Vedrana Mirković, Ivan Jerković Mar 2021

Experiences Of Mothers Of Lgbtq Children In Serbia: What Comes After Coming Out?, Vedrana Mirković, Ivan Jerković

The Qualitative Report

Coming out process is a necessary step for a LGBTQ person in order to develop integrative sexual and transgender identity (Cass, 1984; Manning, 2014). and mental health of LGBTQ people is under strong influence by the family and social support and their reactions to coming out (D’Augelli, 2002; Ryan et al., 2010; Ryan, Legate, & Winstein, 2015). The goal of the present research is to explore what is the experience of mothers of LGBTQ children in Serbia after the children’s coming out? Using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 2015), this study explored the experience of eight mothers of LGBTQ youth …


How Institutional Context Shapes The Accounts Of School Choice And Boundary-Making Among Middle Class Parents In An Urban School District, Paul Knudson Mar 2021

How Institutional Context Shapes The Accounts Of School Choice And Boundary-Making Among Middle Class Parents In An Urban School District, Paul Knudson

The Qualitative Report

This paper explores how urban middle-class parents with children at the elementary school level construct accounts about school choice in comparison to parents with children at the middle and high school levels. Previous studies have largely focused on the former. Data for this study come from in-depth interviews with 44 parents who enrolled their children in an urban school district. Findings suggest that parents’ choices and narratives concerning schools are affected by the school district’s institutional context. Parents with children at the elementary school level largely avoided their neighborhood-designated schools and secured spots in the city’s more desirable magnet schools. …


Inequalities In Private Tutoring Of English: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study Based On Bangladeshi Higher Secondary Students, Monjurul M. Islam 8965323, Dr. Shams Hoque, Kazi Enamul Hoque Mar 2021

Inequalities In Private Tutoring Of English: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study Based On Bangladeshi Higher Secondary Students, Monjurul M. Islam 8965323, Dr. Shams Hoque, Kazi Enamul Hoque

The Qualitative Report

This phenomenological qualitative study analyzes the lived experiences of eleven Bangladeshi higher secondary students in mainstream schools to provide insight into their thoughts, feelings, beliefs, values, and assumptions of private tutoring in English (PT-E). The study also focused on PT-E that contribute to inequalities between students who have access to private tutoring and those who do not. Each participant participated in a one-to-one in-depth semi-structured interview. Using phenomenological analysis, 321 significant statements and three themes emerged. The data show that unequal practice, discrimination due to financial capability, and social psyche for PT-E that influences students to widen the negative impacts …


Encounters At Manuscript Preparation: Inquiry In Conflict’S Aftermath, Stephen T. Sadlier Mar 2021

Encounters At Manuscript Preparation: Inquiry In Conflict’S Aftermath, Stephen T. Sadlier

The Qualitative Report

This exercise of the researcher self explores relationships materializing in manuscript preparation, suggests that conflict-site research is more of a social and affective experience, from proposal to manuscript preparation, than most researchers realize. Outside of clinical and ameliorative approaches, little educational research focuses on ongoing, unresolved conflict. Even less sheds light on the experience of the conflict-site researcher. Here, I show how texts of other conflict-site writers accompanied my process of manuscript preparation, just as activist teachers I observed during the field work phase stood among peers when protesting and facing police repression. Correspondingly, I discuss an intertextual approach of …


The Use Of Online Data Sources In A Qualitative Analysis Learning Project, Sunny R. Winstead, Christopher J. Alterio Mar 2021

The Use Of Online Data Sources In A Qualitative Analysis Learning Project, Sunny R. Winstead, Christopher J. Alterio

The Qualitative Report

Our purpose in writing this article is to describe the use of online data sources (such as blogs and microblogs) in a qualitative analysis learning project for graduate occupational therapy students. The project was designed to meet the following learning objectives: (1) increase students’ understanding and appreciation for qualitative research principles and methods, (2) increase students’ ability to use thematic and narrative analysis procedures with authentic data sets, and (3) increase students’ ability to apply qualitative findings to occupational therapy practice. This article describes the project’s theoretical rationale, components, objectives, implementation, and informal outcomes, along with a discussion of strengths …


Transcribing In Esl: An Investigation Into Role, Accuracy, And Skills, John G. Patkin Feb 2021

Transcribing In Esl: An Investigation Into Role, Accuracy, And Skills, John G. Patkin

The Qualitative Report

The role, accuracy, and skills of a team of ESL researchers who transcribed more than 3,000 English language learning histories (LLH) from university students in Hong Kong is examined in this paper. The paper provides an insight into the role of transcribers, how they approach their work, the problems they face, and how they overcome them including the conflict of their prior English language learning. A self-administered semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used in this qualitative study. The findings show that transcribers learned experientially as they combined project guidelines and prior experience to achieve accuracy Transcribers feel more comfortable …


An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Token Resistance To Sex Amongst Nigerian Undergraduates, Alex Terver Igundunasse Dr, Nathan Odiase Mr Feb 2021

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Token Resistance To Sex Amongst Nigerian Undergraduates, Alex Terver Igundunasse Dr, Nathan Odiase Mr

The Qualitative Report

It is apparent that existing social conventions unofficially mandates women to refuse sexual advances even when there may be the intention to engage. The adherence to this social script is what is referred to as token resistance or scripted refusal. Some studies have explored the subject of token resistance from a number of perspectives that attempt to identify the underlying reasons why women engaging in token resistance. However, there is very little research on this subject from the Nigerian perspective. This this study sought to explore token resistance further in order to understand the cultural cogency or peculiarity of the …


From “Robot” To “Rejuvenating Warrior”: An Efl Learner’S Conceptual Metaphors During School Transition, Özgehan Uştuk Feb 2021

From “Robot” To “Rejuvenating Warrior”: An Efl Learner’S Conceptual Metaphors During School Transition, Özgehan Uştuk

The Qualitative Report

Drawing on conceptual metaphor theory, I investigated the school transition experience of an English as a foreign language (EFL) learner. In this narrative case study, the participant’s emotion labor was followed throughout his first semester at a high school in Turkey. Exploring narrative journals, conceptual metaphors, and interviews, I examined his dynamic emotional states. The findings revealed that school transition may entail inhibiting emotion labor for high school freshman EFL learners. Moreover, it was also shown that these emotions may force adolescent learners to reconceptualize foreign language learning with a negative perspective and develop surviving learner’s strategies that may support …


Conflict Resolution In The Virtual World: The Impact Of Covid-19 On New Ways Of Doing Business, Eileen P. Petzold-Bradley Feb 2021

Conflict Resolution In The Virtual World: The Impact Of Covid-19 On New Ways Of Doing Business, Eileen P. Petzold-Bradley

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

Overview

The world-wide-web development in the 1990s has led to the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) movement over the last two decades. As digital and internet technology has become globally widespread, discovering new ways of using online tools for dispute resolution is becoming more prevalent. Living in a digital culture, “also known as digitality or digitalism,” has become a norm for our post-modern society. As we continue to witness in the conflict resolution field, incorporating technology into the dispute resolution processes is becoming more commonplace for practitioners.

As ODR continues to be seen ripe for innovation and as a valuable tool …


The Marketing Behind The Merging Of Conflict Resolution With Communities, Emily K. Skinner Feb 2021

The Marketing Behind The Merging Of Conflict Resolution With Communities, Emily K. Skinner

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

This session is derived from the presenters Ph.D. dissertation research on examining the relationship between the high social need for conflict resolution and low social demand. Emily interviewed 30 millennials and 9 conflict resolution practitioners to evaluate language and social engagement and connection with marketing and branding of conflict resolution. The interviews painted a landscape of valleys of potential and uncharted territory of points of connection between the field and potential target markets. The research serves as an important tool for practitioners in evaluating their current practices and supporting strategic design of new practices by outlining gaps in language and …


A Study Investigating Depictions Of Workplace Bullying In Hollywood Films, Alexia Georgakopoulos, Maria Georgo Feb 2021

A Study Investigating Depictions Of Workplace Bullying In Hollywood Films, Alexia Georgakopoulos, Maria Georgo

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

The presentation will focus on the investigative portrayal and depiction of workplace bullying from a sample of 100 popular Hollywood films over the past two decades. It will highlight the theoretical underpinnings of film theory, social construction theory, and symbolic interaction theory. The Hymes’ SPEAKING Model, a well-established ethnographic communication method (Hymes, 1974), will also be discussed because of its rich interpretive and descriptive nature and its focus on analyzing communication and interaction in terms of both verbal and nonverbal exchanges. The findings shed new light on understanding the portrayals of workplace bullying in contemporary films and how this impacts …


Media Depictions Of Workplace Bullying, Maria C. Georgo Phd Feb 2021

Media Depictions Of Workplace Bullying, Maria C. Georgo Phd

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

This presentation discusses media representations of workplace bullying. We often spend more time with the people we work with and our social media outlets, than our own families or friends, so it just makes sense to take a closer look at workplace bullying and media. Workplace bullying is a topic that becomes uncomfortable quickly. It seems no one wants to listen when someone wants to share of the abuse or trauma they experience at work. We often shut down and feel as if it is almost 'too personal'; even find ourselves demeaning or belittling 'the complaint'. Yet workplace bullying is …


Power, Emotions, And Violent Conflicts, Daniel Rothbart Feb 2021

Power, Emotions, And Violent Conflicts, Daniel Rothbart

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

Hatred, fear, and disdain—these are emotions that drive conflict protagonists to commit acts of violence against their adversaries. Conventional thinking among conflict analysts holds that the private realm of negative emotions exhibited by conflict actors is distinct fundamentally from the public world of objective causal drivers of conflict, such as poverty, structural violence and proliferation of small arms. However, such conventional thinking regarding this inherent duality of emotions and power cannot for the social-psychic force of affect emotions that intersects with the conflict dynamics. In many conflict settings, the release of such a force is a political act, with the …


Towards A Theology Of Conflict Transformation In Churches Through Social Media, Adebayo O. Afolaranmi Feb 2021

Towards A Theology Of Conflict Transformation In Churches Through Social Media, Adebayo O. Afolaranmi

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

The society we live in cannot avoid conflict. The church in particular is not devoid of conflict of all kinds. Church leaders and other stakeholders in the church have not only to resolve these conflicts, they have to also transform the conflicts and ensure that people live in peaceful co-existence as much as it is possible. The advent of the Internet in general and social media in particular has affected the way people are doing things tremendously. This includes conflict transformation in the church as well. This paper gives a brief introduction to conflict transformation in general and conflict transformation …


Promoting Peace Through Gender Equality: A Study On Cultural Alternatives To Counter Stereotypical Patterns Of Gender Inequality, Anshu Subedi Ms Feb 2021

Promoting Peace Through Gender Equality: A Study On Cultural Alternatives To Counter Stereotypical Patterns Of Gender Inequality, Anshu Subedi Ms

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

The proposal provides a basic outline of cultural alternatives for peace for stereotypical patterns of gender inequality.


A Theoretical Treatise To The Cyprus Problem: Neoliberalism, Securitization, And Neoclassical Realism, Nikos Lekakis Dr Feb 2021

A Theoretical Treatise To The Cyprus Problem: Neoliberalism, Securitization, And Neoclassical Realism, Nikos Lekakis Dr

Peace and Conflict Studies Journal Conference

No abstract provided.


Discovery Of Molecular Interactions Of The Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor (Hmc4r) Asp189 (D189) Amino Acid With The Endogenous G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (Gpcr) Antagonist Agouti-Related Protein (Agrp) Provides Insights To Agrp's Inverse Agonist Pharmacology At The Hmc4r, Mark D. Ericson, Erica M. Haslach, Sathya M. Schnell, Katie T. Freeman, Zhimin M. Xiang, Frederico P. Portillo, Robert Speth, Sally A. Litherland, Carrie Haskell-Luevano Feb 2021

Discovery Of Molecular Interactions Of The Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor (Hmc4r) Asp189 (D189) Amino Acid With The Endogenous G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (Gpcr) Antagonist Agouti-Related Protein (Agrp) Provides Insights To Agrp's Inverse Agonist Pharmacology At The Hmc4r, Mark D. Ericson, Erica M. Haslach, Sathya M. Schnell, Katie T. Freeman, Zhimin M. Xiang, Frederico P. Portillo, Robert Speth, Sally A. Litherland, Carrie Haskell-Luevano

HPD Articles

The melanocortin receptors (MCRs) are important for numerous biological pathways, including feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. In addition to endogenous peptide agonists, this receptor family has two naturally occurring endogenous antagonists, agouti and agouti-related protein (AGRP). At the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), the AGRP ligand functions as an endogenous inverse agonist in the absence of agonist and as a competitive antagonist in the presence of agonist. At the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R), AGRP functions solely as a competitive antagonist in the presence of agonist. The molecular interactions that differentiate AGRP's inverse agonist activity at the MC4R have remained elusive until the findings …


Effects Of Nitrogen Depletion On The Biosorption Capacities Of Neochloris Minuta And Neochloris Alveolaris For Five Heavy Metals, Dimitri Giarikos, Jessica Brown, Reza Razeghifard, Duy Vo, Ammy Castillo, Nikhil Nagabandi, Justin Gaffney, Miriam Zelden, Anna Antakshinova, Sara Rodriguez, Safiyah Muhammad Feb 2021

Effects Of Nitrogen Depletion On The Biosorption Capacities Of Neochloris Minuta And Neochloris Alveolaris For Five Heavy Metals, Dimitri Giarikos, Jessica Brown, Reza Razeghifard, Duy Vo, Ammy Castillo, Nikhil Nagabandi, Justin Gaffney, Miriam Zelden, Anna Antakshinova, Sara Rodriguez, Safiyah Muhammad

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Neochloris minuta and Neochloris alveolaris grown in nitrogen-rich (+ N) and nitrogen-depleted (-N) media were tested for their heavy metal maximum biosorption capacities (qmax) and adsorption percent efficiencies (R%). By removing nitrogen from the growth media, both algal species showed an increase in their lipid content and a decrease in their protein content. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to determine the qmax and adsorption efficiencies of the + N and −N algae in the recovery of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+. When comparing the …


The Impact On Older People’S Wellbeing Of Leaving Heritage Volunteering And The Challenges Of Managing This Process, Bruce Davenport, Andrew Newman, Suzanne Moffatt Feb 2021

The Impact On Older People’S Wellbeing Of Leaving Heritage Volunteering And The Challenges Of Managing This Process, Bruce Davenport, Andrew Newman, Suzanne Moffatt

The Qualitative Report

The benefits of volunteering for older volunteers and for the organisations who host them is well-documented. The impact of being obliged to leave volunteering due to age-related conditions, and any challenges that this creates for volunteer managers, are under-researched. This study explored how volunteers and volunteer managers experienced this point in the volunteering lifecycle and whether the topic warranted further research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with fourteen older people, who were (or had been) volunteers at one of three cultural heritage organisations in the north-east of England alongside seven volunteer managers from those organisations. These represented the diversity of …


Indonesian Polyglots: Lived Experiences Of Adults Learning Languages Online And Beyond The Classroom, Noprival Noprival, Zainal Rafli, Nuruddin Nuruddin, Dustin De Felice Feb 2021

Indonesian Polyglots: Lived Experiences Of Adults Learning Languages Online And Beyond The Classroom, Noprival Noprival, Zainal Rafli, Nuruddin Nuruddin, Dustin De Felice

The Qualitative Report

Learning languages independently can be more accessible in today’s online environment. Polyglots, who are speakers of more than three languages, take advantage of this online learning environment to learn even more languages in Indonesia. Using transcendental phenomenology, the researchers interviewed these adult learners on their lived experience with online platforms for learning languages not traditionally spoken or used in daily life in Indonesia. Researchers found that the polyglots reported learning many foreign languages through interactive resources, receptive resources, social media, and authentic resources. Importantly, they held positive attitudes towards online learning platforms and their experiences left them with feelings of …


From Student To Scholar: Publishing Your Thesis And Dissertation, Janine Morris, Eric Mason, Mario A. D'Agostino Jan 2021

From Student To Scholar: Publishing Your Thesis And Dissertation, Janine Morris, Eric Mason, Mario A. D'Agostino

Communication, Media, and Arts Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, and Lectures

Publishing your academic work is easier when you start with an understanding of how to write for publication. Join faculty from the NSU Department of Communication, Media, and the Arts to learn about how to approach writing your thesis or dissertation in the way most likely to lead to publication.


Survey Of Prevention And Intervention Strategies Reducing Return To Play Post-Concussion In Division 1 Football, Joseph F. Clark, Enna Selmanovic, Kip Drewry, Jon Vincent, Aaron Himmler, Bob Mangine, Kim Hasselfeld, Jane Khoury, David Polanski, Jon Divine Jan 2021

Survey Of Prevention And Intervention Strategies Reducing Return To Play Post-Concussion In Division 1 Football, Joseph F. Clark, Enna Selmanovic, Kip Drewry, Jon Vincent, Aaron Himmler, Bob Mangine, Kim Hasselfeld, Jane Khoury, David Polanski, Jon Divine

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Abstract.

Introduction

Sports related concussion, also considered mTBI, has remained in the public eye due to heightened fear concerning playing football and other collision based sports. Concussion prevention, as well as rehabilitating the brain after a concussion, is a high priority for many sports medical practitioners as well as for athletes. For these reasons, researchers associated with the American Athletic Conference (AAC) have surveyed concussion incidence in football. One of the AAC teams engaged in regular neurovisual training (NVT) and concluded this training program is associated with faster return to play post-injury in this observational cohort study.

Methods

The …


The Current - Volume 31 Issue 19, Nova Southeastern University Jan 2021

The Current - Volume 31 Issue 19, Nova Southeastern University

Student Newspapers

No abstract provided.


Safety In Numbers? A Qualitative Analysis Of The 1999 National Firearms Survey, Zachary T. Carlisle, Michelle L. Estes Jan 2021

Safety In Numbers? A Qualitative Analysis Of The 1999 National Firearms Survey, Zachary T. Carlisle, Michelle L. Estes

The Qualitative Report

Firearms and their place in American society have been under heavy scrutiny for the past several decades. Previous academic research typically focused on the firearm as a weapon that needs to be regulated, controlled, and the relative fight between various parties concerning second amendment and constitutional rights. However, inadequate scholarly research focuses on the firearm as an abstract, symbolic entity in American culture, and what the firearm represents to Americans in a more complex, abstruse way. This research utilizes the National Firearms Survey (NFS), conducted in 1999, as a mechanism of secondary qualitative analysis to examine the ways in which …