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Determination Of Disease Impacts On Sunflower Yield, Bryan Charles Hansen
Determination Of Disease Impacts On Sunflower Yield, Bryan Charles Hansen
Plant Pathology
Diseases that infect sunflower frequently occur in North Dakota, but the impact they have on yield is unclear. The objectives of this research are to 1) evaluate fungicide efficacy, application timing and yield impact of Phoma black stem of sunflower and 2) determine the impact of diseases on sunflower yield in North Dakota and Minnesota. Results of 14 fungicide trials conducted between 2017 and 2019 showed that yield losses to Phoma black stem were infrequent, but the disease could be managed by application of several available and efficacious fungicides applied at growth stage R1. Analysis of survey data collected over …
Characterizing Humidity, Sex, And B-Cell Gene Regulation In Fungal Allergic Asthma, Emma Claire Kusick
Characterizing Humidity, Sex, And B-Cell Gene Regulation In Fungal Allergic Asthma, Emma Claire Kusick
Microbiological Sciences
Asthma is a debilitating lung disease that affects nearly 300 million people worldwide. Environments with high humidity and subsequent mold exposure often trigger allergic asthma. Sex differences have been reported in the incidence, prevalence, and severity of asthma. B-lymphocytes are recruited in high numbers to the allergic lung in response to the inhalation of Aspergillus fumigatus mold spores (conidia). In this work, we used a mouse model of allergic fungal asthma to assess environmental humidity, sex, and B-lymphocytes in an inhalational model of allergic fungal asthma. Our results showed that animals sensitized in low humidity conditions had no airway hyperresponsiveness …
The Application Of Active And Passive Optical Sensors In Natural Resource Decision Making, Donald Vincent Veverka
The Application Of Active And Passive Optical Sensors In Natural Resource Decision Making, Donald Vincent Veverka
Natural Resources Management
Remote sensing is becoming a significant tool utilized to study vegetation health and abundance. Vegetation indices (VIs) generated by active and passive remote optical sensors can be implemented in natural resource and agricultural decision-making processes. One such use of vegetation indices is to predict yield and protein contents for various crops. However, the application of VIs is limited due to land use differences and the time period when remote sensing information is most accurate. A literature search was conducted on VIs paying attention to how those are used with sensors mounted on small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV). The search found …
The Influence Of Race, Age, Comorbidities, And Bmi On Disability Following Stroke In Elderly People Living In Their Own Home, Izumi Endo
Statistics
Stroke is one of the major health issues in the United States. I explored different aspects of disability based on a history of stroke, race, comorbidities, age, and body mass index for the population of community dwelling stroke survivors. Using a dataset drawn from the first wave of the longitudinal study of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (Waite et al., 2019), analysis was performed. The dataset consists of a nationally representative sample of 3,005 community dwelling people between the ages of 57 to 86 years old at the time of recruitment. The results demonstrated that the history …
Strategies To Inhibit The Formation Of 3-Monochloropropane Diol During Deep-Fat Frying, Qionghuan Ye
Strategies To Inhibit The Formation Of 3-Monochloropropane Diol During Deep-Fat Frying, Qionghuan Ye
Food Safety
3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol or 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidol are the most commonly occurring group of thermal process contaminants which are considered as “possible human carcinogen” and “probably carcinogenic to humans”, respectively. Potato strips prepared from three different potatoes cultivars (Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Umatilla Russet) grown in North Dakota from the crop year 2018 were fried with vegetable oil at 190 ºC, respectively, for five consecutive days (8 h/day). The dynamic changes of 3-MCPD and glycidol equivalents were investigated during deep-fat frying. 3-MCPD equivalent in oil and potato strips decreased with increased frying time. Meanwhile, the content of glycidol equivalent increased …
The Rate Of Intramuscular Tissue Temperature Reduction Between Wetted Ice With Elastic Wrap And Game Ready®, Courtney Rae Anderson
The Rate Of Intramuscular Tissue Temperature Reduction Between Wetted Ice With Elastic Wrap And Game Ready®, Courtney Rae Anderson
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
In recent years, the Game Ready® unit has become a popular cryotherapy modality to treat musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine which cryotherapy method, wetted ice bag with elastic wrap or Game Ready®, decreases triceps surae intramuscular tissue temperature the most during a 30-minute treatment. The independent variables were the cryotherapy modalities (Game Ready® and wetted ice with elastic wrap) and time (baseline, 10, 20, and 30 minutes). Twenty patients participated in this study. Wetted ice with elastic wrap decreased tissue temperatures significantly greater than Game Ready® at 20 minutes (P = 0.03), and 30 minutes …
Effectiveness Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Over Protective Athletic Equipment As Performed By Certified Athletic Trainers, Kaitlyn Colleen Skaro
Effectiveness Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Over Protective Athletic Equipment As Performed By Certified Athletic Trainers, Kaitlyn Colleen Skaro
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Certified Athletic Trainers (ATCs) are expected to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on athletes experiencing cardiac arrest, regardless of whether the athlete is wearing protective athletic equipment. The goal of this research was to determine if ATCs were able to deliver high-quality CPR over and under football shoulder pads. Forty-one ATCs completed CPR according to 2015 AHA guidelines over and under shoulder pads fitted on a manikin. CPR quality was measured with the Resusci Anne Wireless SkillReporter. Data were analyzed to compare CPR performed over and under the shoulder pads. Overall CPR score, chest compression depth, and ventilation volume were statistically …
Farming Democracy: American Agricultural Policy From The Great War To The Great Society, Amanda Belle Biles
Farming Democracy: American Agricultural Policy From The Great War To The Great Society, Amanda Belle Biles
History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies
In the days of the early republic, agriculture provided more than just an economic foundation; it shaped the country socially, and politically, too. Thomas Jefferson and others wrote at length of the role farming played in the American moral and political order, but by the turn of the twentieth century, agriculture’s share of the overall economy had declined, even as it became enmeshed in the emerging class question that was convulsing US politics. Farm policy followed that shift. While many historians of agricultural policy in the twentieth century limited their studies to the so-called farm bills and thus saw only …
Latching On To Information: Effects Of Information-Seeking Behavior On Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Amy Elaine Duchsherer
Latching On To Information: Effects Of Information-Seeking Behavior On Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Amy Elaine Duchsherer
Communication
Recommendations on breastfeeding in the United States suggest that infants should be exclusively breastfed for six months with continued breastfeeding in conjunction with complementary foods for at least one year. However, only 22.30% of women are exclusively breastfeeding when their infant reaches the age of six months, which indicates the existence of barriers hindering prolonged breastfeeding. In this study, I consider the factors related to information-seeking behavior that may influence breastfeeding rates. Specifically, I focus on the relationship between the sources a woman selects to receive information about breastfeeding and her level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, which has been shown to …
Alexa, What Should I Eat? A Personalized Virtual Nutrition Coach For Native American Diabetes Patients Using Amazon's Smart Speaker Technology, Bikesh Maharjan
Alexa, What Should I Eat? A Personalized Virtual Nutrition Coach For Native American Diabetes Patients Using Amazon's Smart Speaker Technology, Bikesh Maharjan
Computer Science
Among all other ethnic groups in the USA, native American’s have higher chances of developing diabetes. A lot of tools have been developed to address this issue and help them in managing diabetes. However, these tools fail to address two major issues, first, the focus on research and need of Native Americans, and second, the intuitive user interface to use the functions available in these tools without requiring a complex knowledge of technology. This project focuses on reducing these two gaps. The project uses the underlying knowledge base to provide personalized recommendations and leverages the benefit of smart speakers to …
Sustainable Convenience, Jessica Harter
Sustainable Convenience, Jessica Harter
Architecture Theses
Globally, society is on the cusp of substantial environmental changes. These changes start with insight into the current state of the environment, mindset changes that need to be made, then to the necessary lifestyle changes. Accordingly, this research began with asking why communities haven’t been able to start making these changes, questioning what is it that is holding them back? Convenience. Communities have drilled in the concept of “convenience for the consumer” whereas now, there’s a dire need to switch to “convenience for the environment”. The question then becomes: What is it about convenience that is holding people back from …
The Effects Of Estrus On Dry Matter Intake And Feeding Behavior In Beef Heifers Of Divergent Sizes, Sarah Rose Underdahl
The Effects Of Estrus On Dry Matter Intake And Feeding Behavior In Beef Heifers Of Divergent Sizes, Sarah Rose Underdahl
Animal Sciences
The biological process of estrus in cattle is known to initiate behavioral responses as a result of fluctuations in hormones, which may alter time budgeted for feeding. The current study aimed to quantify these variations that may exist in feed intake and behaviors in the days pre and post estrus. For this study, 517 estrous cycles in crossbred beef heifers of divergent sizes were used to analyze the impact of estrus behavior on feeding behavior with or without the presence of a bull. There were few differences in estrus behavior among heifers of divergent sizes, however the presence of a …
Effects Of Feeding 60% Dried Corn Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Yearling Bull Reproduction, Cierrah Jordan Kassetas
Effects Of Feeding 60% Dried Corn Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Yearling Bull Reproduction, Cierrah Jordan Kassetas
Animal Sciences
Thirty-six half-sibling Angus bulls were assigned one of three diets: 1) 60% corn-based (CON; S = 0.18%; n = 12); 2) 60% DDGS replacing corn (60DDGS; S = 0.55% DM; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of 60DDGS added as calcium sulfate (SULF; S = 0.54%; n = 12) to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing DDGS or calcium sulfate on performance and semen characteristics. Bulls began the study at 9 months of age and gained 1.6 kg/day for 112 days. Treatment by day interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for glutathione peroxidase and trace mineral concentrations in seminal plasma. Effects of treatment (P < 0.05) were observed for semen kinematics and triiodothyronine in serum. Alterations observed when feeding 60% DDGS to developing bulls occurred in a manner that is not dependent on dietary sulfur; therefore, observed changes could be related to other components within DDGS.
Identification Of Disordered Eating Behaviors In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Heather Erin Kranitz
Identification Of Disordered Eating Behaviors In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Heather Erin Kranitz
Nursing
Type 1 diabetes is a life-long chronic condition that typically presents in childhood, and approximately 193,000 Americans under age 20 are estimated to have either Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Additionally, approximately 20-30% of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes have disordered eating behaviors or eating disorders. A common way disordered eating manifests in Type 1 diabetes is through manipulation of insulin dosages to promote hyperglycemia and subsequent weight loss. Disordered eating in diabetes can lead to short term complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia, and chronic long-term health conditions arising from complications of uncontrolled diabetes. Identification and screening …
Genotype And Environmental Effects On Quality Traits Of Durum Wheat Grown In North Dakota, Sara Moayedi
Genotype And Environmental Effects On Quality Traits Of Durum Wheat Grown In North Dakota, Sara Moayedi
Plant Sciences
Variation in grain, semolina, dough strength, and pasta quality traits were evaluated using the effect of genotype and weather factors (air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity). In addition, size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) was applied to determine the correlation between quality traits and protein molecular weight distribution (MWD) with cooked firmness and cooked weight of fresh pasta made from four durum wheat genotypes. Results indicated that the environment was a great source of variation in the majority of quality traits such as test weight, 1000-kernel weight, grain protein content, vitreous kernel content, falling number, semolina protein content, semolina …
Further Characterization Of Pathogen Virulence And Genetic Mapping Of New Virulence Genes In Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis, The Causal Agent Of Tan Spot Of Wheat, Jingwei Guo
Plant Sciences
The ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) causes tan spot of wheat, a devastating foliar disease on both common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and durum (T. turgidum ssp. durum L., 2n=4x=28, AABB). Ptr is known to produce three necrotrophic effectors (NEs), namely Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB and Ptr ToxC, to cause disease by interacting with corresponding host sensitivity genes. However, many studies in the last twenty years have suggested that Ptr produces additional virulence factors. My Ph.D. research focused on further identification and genetic mapping of new virulence genes in Ptr. In Chapter 2, a bi-parental fungal population was developed …
Sensitivity Of Alternaria Species To Ten Single-Site Mode Of Action Fungicides, Sarah Marie Budde Rodriguez
Sensitivity Of Alternaria Species To Ten Single-Site Mode Of Action Fungicides, Sarah Marie Budde Rodriguez
Plant Sciences
Early blight caused by Alternaria solani and brown spot caused by the small-spored Alternaria spp., Alternaria alternata, Alternaria arborescens, and Alternaria tenuissima are observed annually in midwestern potato production areas. The use of foliar fungicides remains a primary management strategy. However, Alternaria spp. have developed reduced-sensitivity and/or resistance to many single-site fungicides such as quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), and anilinopyrimidines (AP) fungicides in recent years. Boscalid, fluopyram, solatenol, and adepidyn are EPA-registered SDHI fungicides applied commercially to a variety of crops including potato. High intrinsic activity was observed in fluopyram, solatenol and adepidyn to A. solani …
Stone Milling Of Hard Red Spring Wheat: Effect Of Settings On Flour, Dough And Bread Quality, Maite Cristina Alava Vargas
Stone Milling Of Hard Red Spring Wheat: Effect Of Settings On Flour, Dough And Bread Quality, Maite Cristina Alava Vargas
Plant Sciences
Stone milling is an ancient method for grinding without separation of the wheat constituents to produce flour. This study evaluated the effect of three different stone gaps (setting wide, medium, and narrow) and 200 and 400 revolutions per minute (rpm) on the particle size distribution of whole wheat flour and its effect on baking, and dough rheological properties. Gap settings wide and medium at 200 rpm produced higher amount of small particles (<250 µm), resulting in a greater angle of repose, starch damage, loaf volume, lighter flour, and bread color. Water absorption and rheological parameters were significantly different from the other flours (P<0.05). This study showed an effect of the stone mill settings on the particle size distribution of whole wheat flour and its subsequent impact on bread quality.
Stable, Affordable Housing And Its Effects On Human Capital (Wealth, Health, And Education), Marisa Sauceda
Stable, Affordable Housing And Its Effects On Human Capital (Wealth, Health, And Education), Marisa Sauceda
Sociology and Anthropology
This paper was written with the intent to inform or persuade policymakers and state and local officials on the topic of affordable housing. The guiding question in the below research asks what the effect stable, affordable housing has on three categories of human capital; Health, Wealth, and Education. The introduction reviews the history of housing including housing policy, the housing market, and the housing gap minorities face in America. Following the introduction is a literature review detailing the effects stable, affordable housing, or lack thereof, has on a household financial stability and wealth, physical and mental health, and education. Housing …
Interval Training Methods To Increase Performance Markers And Load Carriage In Tactical Professionals, Nathan D. Dicks
Interval Training Methods To Increase Performance Markers And Load Carriage In Tactical Professionals, Nathan D. Dicks
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Load carriage is an inherent part of the military and other tactical occupations (e.g., law enforcement, firefighters). Variation in load carriage ranges from 7-60 kg and can increase energy expenditure as well as lead to higher injury risk. Various novel training methods such as low-intensity interval training (LIT) in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) as well as high-intensity interval training (HIT) aim at enhancing critical velocity (CV), aerobic fitness, and load carriage performance. Two investigations identified the feasibility of LIT with BFR and the use of HIT to increase performance and load carriage. Methods: Twelve male participants (21.8 +/- …
Comparing Blood Serum Values Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Division I Female Athletes, Adalie Lynn Schmidt
Comparing Blood Serum Values Of Vitamin D And Calcium In Division I Female Athletes, Adalie Lynn Schmidt
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
The purpose was to compare blood serum levels of vitamin D and calcium to bone mineral density and previous fracture in Division I women’s basketball and soccer athletes. We recruited thirty athletes (19.53 ± 1.105 years); NCAA Division I soccer (n=21) and basketball (n=9). The calcium average was 9.61 ± .39 mg/dL for soccer and basketball was 10.01 ± 0.33 mg/dL. Vitamin D average for soccer was 44.48 ± 12.09 ng/DL and basketball 52.00 ± 17.44 ng/dL. Total bone mineral density measurements for the two groups did not differ at a statistically significant level (t[11.9] = 0.74, p = .472, …
Comparing Subjective Fatigue During Two Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Cpr) Models, Rachel Reichel
Comparing Subjective Fatigue During Two Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Cpr) Models, Rachel Reichel
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Bystanders are the first rescuers to perform CPR for patients suffering from cardiac arrest. Compression-only CPR decreases the amount of interruption time between compressions but increases the fatigue of the rescuer. In this study, participants were certified as lay rescuers and performed two compression-only CPR protocols for eight minutes and 59 seconds. The two protocols were 30 compressions to a 10-second break and continuous compressions with as many 10-second breaks as needed. Body mass index and hand grip strength were collected before the CPR protocols. Rate of Perceived Exertion scores were taken at three, six and nine minutes during each …
Changes In Energy Intake And Appetite Following Different Intensities Of Aerobic Exercise, Keith Alan Shaughnessy
Changes In Energy Intake And Appetite Following Different Intensities Of Aerobic Exercise, Keith Alan Shaughnessy
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
This research evaluated changes in appetite, energy intake, and body composition following 15 sessions of both moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in overweight and sedentary adults (n = 4 female, n = 2 male). All subjects performed both MICT and HIIT. Paired t-tests were used to analyze data between testing sessions. A repeated-measures ANOVA along with a Bonferroni adjustment was used for measures over the study duration. Chronic appetite was unchanged over the study duration, but appetite post-exercise was 5.7% higher in HIIT (p = 0.03) in the first session compared to MICT. Energy intake was …
Comparison Of Shortwave Diathermy And Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization On Improving Hamstring Range Of Motion, Maddie Anne Hansen
Comparison Of Shortwave Diathermy And Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization On Improving Hamstring Range Of Motion, Maddie Anne Hansen
Health Nutrition and Exercise Science
Limited research exists on the comparison of pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD) and instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM). In addition, minimal research exists on the AcuForce® 7.0 and none of it examines the effects of the AcuForce® 7.0 on range of motion (ROM). This study focused on the comparison of PSWD and IASTM on hamstring flexibility and perceived patient comfort. Twenty male students, faculty, and staff (age 24.5 ± 5.7 years) participated. Active knee extension ROM with the hip flexed at 90º was measured before and after the intervention. Perceived patient comfort was measured after the intervention. The results showed …
The Impact Of Bacterial Spoilage And Foodborne Pathogens On Beef Industry And Application Of Antimicrobial Interventions, Enas Abdal Hadi Khadem
The Impact Of Bacterial Spoilage And Foodborne Pathogens On Beef Industry And Application Of Antimicrobial Interventions, Enas Abdal Hadi Khadem
Food Safety
The beef industry continues to face concerns regarding the hygiene and the safety of its products. A wide range of microorganisms from various sources can grow on meat surfaces that are rich in fluid and nutrients. This paper was conducted to better understand the common spoilage microflora and the most threatening foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp.) in ground beef and the role of the virulence factors that allow pathogens to persist in the host. In addition to the above, this paper addresses the effects of using antimicrobial interventions on the ground beef products. Despite using innovative antimicrobial …
Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2019
Blizzard Watch : Plant Sciences : 2019
Blizzard Watch Newsletter
Newsletter for the Department of Plant Sciences.
Effects Of Replacing Supplemental Sucrose With Beef During Mid To Late Gestation On Maternal Health And Fetal Growth And Development Using A Sow Biomedical Model, Megan Alice Nelson
Effects Of Replacing Supplemental Sucrose With Beef During Mid To Late Gestation On Maternal Health And Fetal Growth And Development Using A Sow Biomedical Model, Megan Alice Nelson
Animal Sciences
Americans consume three percent more total daily calories from sugar than current recommendations. Maternal diets high in sugar can cause obesity and diabetes mellitus. Objectives were to compare supplemental dietary sucrose to a protein alternative on maternal health and fetal programming utilizing a sow biomedical model. Pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, average BW = 222 ± 35 kg, n = 21) were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet (CSM) at one percent BW at 0700 h daily from d 29 (± 1.47) to 111 (± 0.58) of gestation. Sows were randomly assigned to dietary supplement treatments: 126 g CSM (CON, n …
The Effects Of Red Meat Or Sugar Supplementation During Gestation And Lactation On Maternal Reproduction, Maternal And Offspring Blood Parameters, And Offspring Body Composition, Alexis Michelle Siomka
The Effects Of Red Meat Or Sugar Supplementation During Gestation And Lactation On Maternal Reproduction, Maternal And Offspring Blood Parameters, And Offspring Body Composition, Alexis Michelle Siomka
Animal Sciences
Using swine as a model for humans, this study was conducted to examine whether maternal consumption of added protein (red meat) or free sugar (glucose) throughout gestation and lactation was associated with maternal reproduction, maternal and offspring blood parameters, and offspring mature body composition. Maternal breed of sows of at least one year of age at breeding were utilized. At D-40 of gestation, sows were randomly assigned to one of four dietary supplementation treatments 1) Control (CON): corn-soy gestation diet; 2) Beef (GB): 4 oz cooked beef patty; 3) Sugar (SUG): sugar on a caloric equivalent to the beef patty; …
Factors Affecting Testicular Growth And Development In The Beef Bull, Nicolás Negrin-Pereira
Factors Affecting Testicular Growth And Development In The Beef Bull, Nicolás Negrin-Pereira
Animal Sciences
At present no single parameter can predict potential daily sperm production (DSP) in bulls. Sertoli cells (SC) are responsible for nourishing and providing physical support to germ cells (GC) throughout spermatogenesis. The size of the SC population established before puberty is one of the major factors determining DSP in the bull. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a technique used for diagnostic purposes in many species but its application to determine the size of the SC population remains unexplored. Our objectives were to compare two stains (immunohistochemistry vs. conventional HE) and three techniques to determine SC density in neonatal and prepubertal …
Trade In Crispr/Gene-Edited Wheat: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis, Prince Fosu
Trade In Crispr/Gene-Edited Wheat: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis, Prince Fosu
Agribusiness and Applied Economics
Previous studies have analyzed how the adoption of genetically engineered or modified technologies have affected agricultural crops such as corn, soybeans, cotton, and barley without focusing on wheat. Also, given the negative impact of drought on wheat production, no studies have focused on the implications of drought tolerant (HB4) and CRISPR/gene-editing on wheat trade. To address these issues, this study employed the partial equilibrium analysis and analyzed the implications of drought tolerant (HB4) and CRISPR/gene-editing technology adoption on wheat trade under various scenarios. The study found that when Argentina, Australia, United States, Canada, and Russia adopt gene-editing wheat, all consuming …