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Application Of Transient Response Analysis To An Automatically Controlled Liquid Level System, Armando Anthony Gregoli

Theses

System instability or poor control are problems which occur in commercial automatically controlled liquid level installations. A simple level control system was constructed to define the parameters which affect a level control system response. Special problems which occur in commercial installations were evaluated.

The system parameters were defined. To simplify the mathematical analysis, a negligible measurement and controller time constant were assumed. These were later shown to be reasonable assumptions. Transfer functions were derived for each component and were used to describe the system response. The system response was predicted by transient response analysis and compared with experimental results. An …

A Correlation Of Viscosity Of N-Paraffin Hydro-Carbons, Sheldon Krueger

Theses

A linear relationship between the Log viscosity and the Log vapor pressure is shown to exist for each n-paraffin hydrocarbon from C₃ to C₂₀. The average error of these equation e is ± 1.5 per cent of the American Petroleum Institute's¹ experimental values. The use of individual slopes for each equation is shown to be store accurate than one alone for all the viscosity data. These slopes e:thibit an unusual behavior by having a minimum value at undecane.

The slopes and intercepts are correlated with carbon number (the number of atoms in a n-paraffin Chain). These …

Equations Of State For Propyne, Thomas Marshall Stark

Theses

P-V-T data for propyne have been fit using the Martin-Hou and the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equations of state. The Martin-Hou equation, with its constants calculated from the critical properties and a vapor pressure point for the gas, fit up to 1.1 to 1.5 times the critical density with deviations of less than 1%. The Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation, with its constants calculated by the method of Joffe, resulted in greater deviations in the low pressure region than did the Martin-Hou equation; however, it also provided a better approximation of the data at high pressures and lower temperatures. The best over-all fit was obtained using …

Vapor Liquid Equilibria, Niranjan Prasad Shukla

Theses

A survey of the literature gave no reference to the n-Propanol Glycol system while the n-Propanol-Benzene system had been previously studied. Experimental data were found to agree closely with those existing in literature for the n-Propanol-Benzene binary system.

A ternary miscibility diagram at fixed temperature was found to give first-type of miscibility curve, i.e. n-Propanol was completely miscible in all proportions with Benzene and Ethylene Glycol, while Benzene and Ethylene Glycol were found to be partially miscible. The plait-point was determined by drawing tie-lines and using the Sherwood method as well as by the loga rithmic method of Hand. Both …

A Study Of The Fatty Alcohol-Epichlorohydrin Reaction, Roy Henry Schaufelberger

Theses

The reaction between "Lorol" 5 fatty alcohol and epichlorohydrin was found to proceed at a rate which could easily be followed, at temperatures of 80 to 140°C, when catalyzed with 0.05 percent of a boron trifluoride ether-ate catalyst, based on the total weight of reactants. The reaction was followed by determining the decrease in epichlorohydrin concentration with time using standard analytical techniques.

Kinetic studies showed that the fatty alcohol/epichlorohydrin reaction was not a simple pseudo first order or second order reaction but rather a complex one probably composed of:

1. A second order reaction between primary fatty alcohol and epichlorohydrin. …

Viscosity Of A Three Component System : Benzene-Ethanol-Acetic Acid At 20 Degrees C., 25 Degrees C., And 30 Degrees C, Alan Alvin Schetelich

Theses

The viscosity for the ternary system benzene-ethanol-acetic acid, has been determined. The viscosity maximum shown in the ethanol-acetic acid system is clearly distinguished in the ternary system as well. The viscosity minima which occur in the benzene-ethanol, and benzene-acetic acid systems are too slight to be readily apparent in the ternary system.

The ternary system viscosity was determined at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30° C. The effect of increasing the temperature from 20° C for the ternary system was to produce corresponding curves of lower viscosity. The maximum viscosity noted in the ternary system as well as the maximum …

Prediction Of Extruder Performance For Thermoplastic Materials, Aldo Bergonzoni

Theses

The object of this thesis was to predict the output of an extruder, for thermoplastic materials, by using simplified equations relating output to screw speed and screw geometry.

Three different extruders were used for this purpose and several addition-type polymers were studied. These materials included: stabilized and unstabilized polypropylene, low-density and high-density polyethylene, general-purpose polystyrene and rubber-modified poly-styrene.

The results obtained show that, by using relatively low screw speeds (up to 140 r.p.m.), shallow screw channels and back pressures at the die up to 2000 psig., a theoretical output can be calculated with a maximum deviation from the experimental data …

The Electrical And Optical Properties Of Organic Semiconductors. Part 1 : Preliminary Survey And Purification Techniques, Bohdan Robert Czorny

Theses

The purpose of this work was to investigate the field of organic semiconductors and in particular to develop the means for preparing these materials in suitable condition for measurement and study of semiconducting properties. The first aspects of this project concerned with a preliminary survey of the field and techniques of ultra purification are covered in this work.

Anthracene was selected for investigation because it is the organic semiconductor most commonly studied by other investigators, and considerable published information exists for corroboration.

The preliminary survey elucidated the most promising methods of purification, which were chemical synthesis, sublimation, recrystallization from solvents …

The Corrosiveness Of Phenols, Edgar George Kaup

Theses

The effects of oxidizing agents, heat, light, and metallic catalysts on coloration in phenols is discussed, using data collected from the literature. The oxidation reaction is concluded to be the con-trolling factor in coloration. Corrosion data from laboratory experiments, field tests, and operating plants is presented for metals and non-metals in concentrated phenolic systems.

Synthesis Of Trimethyl Borate By Ester Interchange, Hugh Murphy

Theses

Trimethyl borate was prepared by transesterification of a high—boiling methyl ester with a high—boiling trialkyl borate using a metal alcholate catalyst. Interchange occurred between n—amyl borate and the following methyl esters: dimethyl sulfate, parahydroxy methyl benzoate, methyl salicylate, and methyl stearate. Interchange also took place between methyl stearate and tribenzyl borate, tri—n—propyl borate, and tri—m, p—cresyl borate. Highest yields and purities resulted from reactions involving methyl stearate. Catalysts employed were magnesium—aluminum ethylate and aluminum Isopropoxide.

Two methods of separating the methanol—methyl borate azeotrope were evaluated: sulfuric acid extraction and salt splitting. Extraction with sulfuric acid was determined to be the …

A Study Of Continuous Photochemical Hydrolysis, Robert Parlante, Theodore Arthur Gropler

Theses

In this investigation, the ultraviolet absorption spectra and the batch photochemical hydrolysis of monochloroacetic and monobromoacetic acid, and their potassium and sodium salts, have been measured and compared with those existing in the literature.

The continuous photochemical hydrolysis of sodium chloroacetate has been investigated for the first time. The continuous photolysis of uranyl oxalate was investigated and used as a chemical actinometer.

Gaseous material in the reactant feed has been found to be important at low flow rates.

Nucleus 1963, Newark College Of Engineering

Yearbooks

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the Newark College of Engineering Nucleus.

Prediction Of Ternary Azeotropes From Binary Data, Eric Lustig

Theses

The Margules equation as modified by Wohl for ternary liquid-vapor systems, is used to develop ternary activity coefficients at different concentrations and varying temperatures. Corresponding binary experimental data are necessary to mathematically obtain these ternary activity coefficients. A trial and error graphical technique is used to examine the ternary data for azeotropic conditions. Convergence on ternary graph paper can be easily detected after the first two trials. Divergence is an indication that the system under consideration is nonazeotropic.

Most of the azeotropic systems investigated agreed quite well with published data. The range of disagreement of concentrations for component a in …

The Investigation Of Frequency Response And Stability Of A Heat Exchanger Under Condensate Control, Louis F. Fornoff

Theses

Control of a condensing steam heat exchanger by condensate throttling was investigated theoretically by a frequency response analysis. The theoretical analysis was verified by experimental operation of the heat exchanger.

The system was characterized by heat transfer calculations and Laplace transform functions. The transfer functions were used to complete a frequency response analysis of the system which predicted the controller settings, the stability of the system and its response to a step set point change. The calculations were verified by experimental operation and reasonable agreement was obtained.

It was calculated that condensate throttling can be used to obtain stable control …

Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria System : Benzene, Chlorobenzene, Phenol, Larry Madestau

Theses

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria were determined experimentally for the three binary systems benzene-chlorobenzene, benzene-phenol, and chlorobenzene-phenol; and for the corresponding ternary system benzene-chlorobenzene-phenol. Constants for the Chao modified Redlich-Kistler equations were calculated from the experimental data by the method of least squares. These constants were then used to predict vapor-liquid equilibria for the ternary system. The predicted values showed satisfactory agreement with those found experimentally.

A modified Ellis still was used for obtaining equilibrium data. Samples of vapor and liquid phases were analyzed by means of the F & M Model 720 vapor phase chromatograph. Benzene, chlorobenzene, and phenol used in …

The Bulletin, Newark College Of Engineering Undergraduate Courses 1963-1964, New Jersey Institute Of Technology

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

The Bulletin: Newark College Of Engineering Bulletin Of Graduate Courses 1963-1964, New Jersey Institute Of Technology

Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Processibility Factors Of Polyolefins As Determined On The Brabender Plastograph, James Thomas Ryan

Theses

Some knowledge of the behavior of a plastic during processing is required if the materials best properties for a given application are to be retained. For thermoplastic polymers¹ changes in viscosity, a function of molecular weight, can be measured by various laboratory instruments, generally, under specialised conditions. One laboratory instrument, however, called the Brabender Plastograph will, it is claimed by the C. W. Brabender Company, measure the viscosity behavior of plastics under conditions found in production equipment. The Brabender plastograph measures changes in torque, a function of viscosity, which result from chain scission, shear thinning, temperature effect, density change …

A Study Of A Continuous Photochemical Reactor, John Calvin Roe

Theses

The purpose of the investigation was to construct a continuous photochemical reactor, to reinvestigate certain portions of the work of Gaertner and Kent (7) and to extend the work to include some of the more common photochemical reactions.

A reactor of annular design with an elliptical light reflector, similar to that of Gaertner and Kent, was designed and constructed. The sources of radient energy were a cold General Electric T-6 Germicidal Lamp and a hot General Electric UA-9 Lamp.

The photochemical decomposition of oxalic acid sensitized by the uranyl ion was utilized as an actinometer. Fifty continuous runs were accomplished …

Extraction Of Technical Grade Lactic Acid With N-Butyl Alcohol, Joel Howard Kaplan

Theses

A possible step in a proposed industrial method for purifying and concentrating technical grade (44 per cent) lactic acid was investigated. The proposed method is the extraction of lactic acid from the crude grade by n-butyl alcohol, esterification of the extract by n-butyl alcohol and hydrolysis of the resultant purified ester to pure lactic acid. The extraction of lactic acid by n-butyl alcohol from the crude grade was the topic considered in this paper.

The extraction process was carried out at temperatures of 10.2°C, 25.0°C, 40.0°C and 60.00C using both U. S. P. lactic acid (85 per cent) and technical …

Preparation Of Aryl Sulfones By Sulfonation In The Presence Of Phosphrous Oxychloride, Donald Frederick Kruse

Theses

The use of phosphorus oxychloride as a dehydrating agent in the sulfonation of aromatic compounds has been investigated, particularly with respect to the formation of aryl sulfones. The sulfonation of several aromatic compounds using reagent grade sulfuric acid and phosphorus oxychloride has produced sulfone yields which exceed yields reported in the literature and obtained by more tedious methods. The presence of alkyl side groups on the benzene ring generally favors high yields of sulfone; whereas the presence of halogens generally reduces the yield. Sulfone formation is shown to be dependent upon the reactant ratios and upon the reaction time and …

An Evaluation Of Oxide Films Of Lead And Tellurium Prepared By Reactive Sputtering, Frank Groom Peters

Theses

Oxide films of lead, tellurium, and their alloys were deposited by reactive sputtering onto substrates and analyzed by X-ray emission spectrography. The sputtering process involved the bombardment of a metallic cathode with positive ions in an atmosphere containing oxygen. The preparation and analysis of these films are described. The unstrained, homogeneous films have good adherence to the substrate and may be prepared to arbitrary thicknesses. Over a range of lead-tellurium oxide compositions these films are transparent and are glassy, rather than crystalline or amorphous solids.

From the analyses of the films by X-ray emission spectrography and known cathode compositions, it …

The Suspension Of Spherical Glass Beads In Water, David Isert, Andrew G. Zourides

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to determine, for the first time, a correlation between mixing and fluidization in a system of spherical glass beads and water.

Mixing data for the spherical glass bead-water system was obtained experimentally and abstracted from previous studies.⁽¹⁾

Fluidization data for the spherical glass beadwater system was obtained from the literature.⁽²⁾

The terminal velocity and the Reynolds Number at terminalization was calculated for the mixing system from the data obtained in this investigation. The terminal velocity and Reynolds Number, as determined experimentally was obtained from the literature,⁽³⁾ A comparison of the terminal …

Viscosity-Vapor Pressure Correlation Of Alcohols, Methyl Ketones And Alkyl Halides, Kevin Frank

Theses

A linear relationship was found to exist between the logarithms of viscosity and vapor pressure measured at the same temperature for certain homologous series. Previous work by Di Geronimo, healing, and McGuire substantiated this correlation for n-paraflin hydrocarbons, n-paraffin fatty acids and esters, n-alkyl cyclohexanes, n-alkyl benzenes and n-l-monoolefins. The relationship takes the form

logη= A log vp + B

where A and B are constants characteristic of the homologous series.

The adaptation of this linear relationship to alcohols methyl ketones, and alkyl halides in the present work indicates a wide applicability of the correlation. the values of the series …

Properties Of Non-Newtonian Fluids, George Robert Ferment

Theses

The purpose of this work was to investigate the fluid properties of non-Newtonian solutions.

The effect of temperature on the viscometric properties, flow behavior index (n) and fluid consistency index (K), was investigated. It was established that the flow behavior index was temperature dependent, tending to approach Newtonian behavior as the temperature was raised. The fluid consistency index was also temperature dependent; a plot of K vs temperature will yield a straight line on semilogarithmic coordinates.

The specific heats of non-Newtonian solutions were also determined. For systems containing large mass fractions of water, it was established that the presence of …

Modified Coates-Orr Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Still : The Effect Of Pressure On Binary Azeotropes, John K. Jacob

Theses

In order to test the effect of pressure on binary azeotropes, an all stainless steel Coates-Orr vapor-liquid equilibrium still was constructed and then tested at atmospheric and superatmospheric pressure. To overcome operating difficulties at superatmospheric pressures, it was necessary to modify the original still design by (1) coiling a Nichrome resistance wire around the entire still body and insulating heavily over the coil, (2) substituting a "canned" seal-less pump in place of the original centrifugal pump.

A survey of the literature shows that the difficult-to-operate Jones-type equilibrium stills, from which the Coates-Orr still was developed, approach true phase equilibrium. Therefore, …

Heat Conductivity Of Adhesively Bonded Assemblies, Stanley I. Klosowski

Theses

The thermal conductivity of an epoxy compound commonly used as an adhesive, was measured using asimple apparatus specially designed to simulate adhesion, to minimize heat losses, and to simplify measurement and correction for heat losses. Variation of heat conductivity coefficient with glue line thickness and temperature was investigated. The results do not indicate that there is any consistent correlation between the heat conductiv¬ity coefficient and glue line thickness or between heat conductivity coefficient and temperature. However, the small number of samples measured does not permit any definite conclusions to be drawn. The sample with glue line thickness below 0.025 millimeters …

Vapor-Liquid Equilibria System : Acetone, Ethylene Dichloride, Toluene, Donald Warren Krech

Theses

The vapor-liquid equilibria data have been determined for the ternary system acetone (C₃H₆O), ethylene dichloride (C₂H4Cl₂), and toluene (C₇H₈), using a modified Othmer continuous distillation equilibrium still. The data were correlated to theoretical values using the Margules three-suffix ternary equations.

Although equilibria data are available in the literature for the three binary systems, new data were collected for each system to evaluate the validity of the experimental apparatus and techniques. Consistency of the experimental data was demonstrated.

For the acetone-ethylene dichloride binary system, where similar apparatus was …

Zirconium-Hafnium Equilibria, Edwin Otto Eisen

Theses

Equilibria in the thiocyanate-methyl isobutyl ketone process for the separation of zirconium and hafnium were studied. The effects of average thiocyanate concentration, feed acidity, and feed zirconium concentration on the separation factor of hafnium and the distribution coefficients of zirconium and hafnium were investigated. The hafnium separation factor was significantly dependent on the feed acidity but only slightly affected by the average thiocyanate concentration. No conclusion was reached about the effect of the feed zirconium conoentration on the hafnium separation factor. The polymerization of thiocyanic acid was found to be strongly dependent on the average thiocyanate concentration.

The Electrolytic Refining Of Tellurim, Patsy Patrick Napolitano

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain new and to extend existing information on the method or methods used to produce high purity Tellurium using electrolytic refining methods. All available methods were investigated, in order to substantiate or disprove the available procedures. The main concern of this investigation is the outlined procedure to produce a metallic Tellurium product of 99.9999% purity. Any information which proved to be correct was used in attaining the ultimate goal of this thesis.

A literature search revealed only one good source of information. A United States patent, No. 2,258,963, dated October 14, 1941, issued …